The document discusses various topics related to population dynamics, including: 1. Characteristics of populations such as population density, dispersion, growth, and carrying capacity. 2. Factors that influence population growth such as resources, reproductive strategies, and population cycles. 3. Models of human population growth including the demographic transition model. 4. Challenges facing developing countries in slowing population growth.

1. Population Dynamics Chapter 9 Chapter 12 Chapter 13

9. A: Represents the biotic potential of the species B: Shows how the population overshoots the carrying capacity C: Represents the logistic growth D: Represents linear growth E: Carrying capacity- the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem.

13. Many small offspring Little or no parental care and protection of offspring Early reproductive age Most offspring die before reaching reproductive age Small adults Adapted to unstable climate and environmental conditions High population growth rate (r) Population size fluctuates wildly above and below carrying capacity (K) Generalist niche Low ability to compete Early successional species r-Selected Species

15. Fewer, larger offspring High parental care and protection of offspring Later reproductive age Most offspring survive to reproductive age Larger adults Adapted to stable climate and environmental conditions Lower population growth rate (r) Population size fairly stable and usually close to carrying capacity (K) Specialist niche High ability to compete Late successional species K-Selected Species

19. Predator- Prey Cycles

29. Fig. 9-7, p. 176 47 years Homicides per 100,000 people Hourly manufacturing job wage (adjusted for inflation) Living in suburbs Homes with electricity Homes with flush toilets High school graduates Married women working outside the home Life expectancy 1.2 5.8 $15 $3 52% 10% 99% 2% 98% 10% 83% 15% 81% 2000 1900 8% 77 years

32. Fig. 9-3, p. 174 Average crude death rate Average crude birth rate World 21 9 All developed countries 11 10 All developing countries 27 8 9 23 Developing countries (w/o China)

33. Fig. 9-3, p. 174 14 Europe North America United States Oceania Asia Africa Latin and Central America 38 15 21 6 20 7 17 7 14 8 8 11 10

37. Age- Structure Pyramids

39. Reading Population Histograms Birth rate exceeds the death rate. Population is getting larger. Pyramid shaped histogram. EX: Kenya, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia.

40. Reading Population Histograms Birth rate almost equals death rate. The population is not getting any larger or is growing very slowly. Histogram shape is straighter and more box-like until about age 45-85. EX. US, Australia & Canada has slow growth. Denmark, Austria and Italy has stable growth.

41. Reading Population Histograms When the birth rate is smaller than the death rate. The pyramid bulges near the top or is inverted . EX: Germany, Bulgaria & Hungary

47. The Demographic Transition Model

52. India- The Ganges River

58. Fig. 9-15, p. 186 Total fertility rate Percentage of world population Population Population (2050) (estimated) Illiteracy (% of adults) Population under age 15 (%) Population growth rate (%) 17% 20% 1.1 billion 1.3 billion 1.6 billion India China GDP PPP per capita Percentage living below $2 per day Life expectancy 47% 17% 36% 20% 1.6% 0.6% 1.4 billion $5,890 $3,120 47 80 70 years 62 years 27 58 1.6 children per women (down from 5.7 in 1972) Infant mortality rate 2.9 children per women (down from 5.3 in 1970)

64. Cage People of Hong Kong