This document discusses methods for teaching English, beginning with definitions of method and approach. It describes the grammar-translation method, which was commonly used in Pakistan. This method focuses on translating English texts word-for-word into the native language. While it helps with vocabulary and comparing grammar structures, it fails to develop English speaking, writing, pronunciation or cultural understanding. The document also briefly outlines the direct method and audio-lingual method before focusing on criticisms and suggested improvements for the grammar-translation approach.

1. In the name of Allah the most merciful, the
most beneficent and the most gracious.
Teaching of English
Shaharyar Shoukat Bhatti
B.Ed (Hons.)
University of Education,(LMC) Lahore

2. Contents
Introduction to Method
Introduction to Approach
Difference Btw Method And Approach
Grammar –Translation Method
Direct Method
Audio-Lingual Method

3. Approach
Approach is axiomatic. In the words
of Anthony, “it states a point of
view or philosophy or an
assumption which one believes but
cannot necessarily prove.

4. Method
 Method is an overall plan based on some approach.
In the words of Anthony, “Method is an overall plan
for the orderly presentation of language material, no
part of which contradicts and all of which is based
upon the selected approach.
 The term Method includes the selection and
gradation of material to be taught. According to W.F.
Mackey, “A method determines when how much is
taught’ hence the meaning and form are conveyed
and what is done to make use of the language.”
 The approach deals with assumptions and method is
a procedure bases on some assumptions. In this way
within one approach there can be many methods.

5. Some Indices of Good Method and Approach
 The best method is that through which maximum
objectives can be gained.
 That method is preferred which can be moulded for
teaching children of different age groups.
 The good method or approach should follow the maxim
of teaching.
 A good method or approach should be capable of
teaching of English language as well as Literature.
 The method or approach should be such that the whole
course can be completed within the prescribed time.
 They should be suitable for both small and large size
classes.

6. Methods of Teaching English
The method of teaching a language differ
according to the aims for which it is taught. The
methods used to teach English can be divided in
two:
Old Methods
New Methods

7. Old Methods
Most common method that comes under this heading
are:
• Grammar-Translation Method
• Direct method
• Audio lingual method

8. Grammar-Translation Method
This method is also called “classic method.” This
method came to indo-Pakistan with the Britishers. This
method has no psychological basis but has following
philosophical bases viz:
• A foreign language can be easily learnt through
translation
• Grammar is the soul of language

9. Procedure Grammar-Translation
Method
In this method text books occupies and
important place and includes:
All reading material
Specific graded vocabulary
Rules of grammar
Each lesson with some new words

10. Characteristics of Grammar-Translation
Method
The unit of teaching is word
Urdu language dominates
Grammatical rules are explained by the
teacher
Champion writes “under the Grammar-Translation
Method the meaning of English words, phrases,
and sentences is taught by means of word for word
translation into mother tongue.”

11. Principles of Grammar-Translation
Method:
According to Thompson and Wyatt GTM is based
on three sound principles:
• Translation interprets foreign phraseology best
• In the process of interpretation, the foreign
phraseology is assimilated
• The structure of a foreign language is best
learnt when compared and contrasted with that
of mother tongue.

12. Advantages of Grammar-Translation
Method
 It is economical as it save time
 It helps in enhancing the student’s vocabulary
 It helps in having better and clear understanding of
words meaning
 It is accordance to “Apperceptive Theory”
which states learning is to connect old and new
ideas” The method tries to establish a strong band
between foreign phraseology (new ideas) and
mother tongue (old ideas)

13. Disadvantages of Grammar-Translation Method
• In this method no emphasis put on reading, writing
and speaking
• This method fail to teach correct articulation
intonation and pronunciation
• There are some words, idioms and phrases in
English, which reflect the culture, tradition and
customs of English people. They cannot be
translated into mother tongue or Urdu without
loosing the correct effect.
• In English language we came across some
structures which can not b translated into Pakistani
language e.g. “the”

14. Suggestions for Improvement of Grammar-
Translation Method
 Large classes be divided into smaller groups
 Question should be equally distributed in
the class
 Students be assigned much written work
 Chorus work such as singing poems be
undertaken
 Teacher should emphasis more on those
point in which Urdu and vernaculars differ
from English

15. Conclusion
• Jespersen says, “The GTM swallows up so much time that
there is non left for learning the foreign language.”
• It is the poorest method of teaching English. The demerits
of the methods can be made up by various suggestion
given above.

16. Any Question

17. Thank You!