The Grammar Translation Method focuses on learning grammar rules and their application to translation exercises between the target and native languages. Vocabulary is taught through direct translation of word lists. Little active use is made of the target language in class. Reading and writing skills are emphasized over speaking and listening. Accuracy is prioritized over fluency.

1. Grammar Translation Method

2. What is Grammar Translation Method? The grammar-translation method of foreign language teaching is one of the most traditional methods. It was originally used to teach 'dead' languages (and literatures) such as Latin and Greek, involving little or no spoken communication or listening comprehension.

3. Characteristics A focus on learning the rules of grammar and their application in translation passages from one language into the other. Vocabulary in the target language is learned through direct translation from the native language, it is taught in the form of isolated word lists. e.g. with vocabulary tests such as: the house = la casa the mouse = el ratón

4. Very little teaching is done in the target language. Instead, readings in the target language are translated directly and then discussed in the native language . Little or no attention is given to pronunciation. Grammar is taught with extensive explanations in the native language, and only later applied in the production of sentences through translation from one language to the other . eg: Do you have my book? = ¿Tienes mi libro? I don't know where your book is = No sé donde está tu libro

5. Principles Literary language is superior to the spoken language. Translating each language into each other is an important goal for learners. The authority in the classroom is the teacher. To be able to communicate with target language’s speakers is not among the goals. The primary skills to be improved are reading and writing . Its focus is on accuracy and not fluency. Error correction: If a student’s answer of a question is incorrect, the teacher selects a different student to give the correct answer or s/he replies himself/herself.

6. Classes are taught in the mother tongue, with little active use of the target language. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words. Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. Grammar provides the rule for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis. A class working with the Grammar Translation Method looks like this:

7. Disadvantages

8. This method gives pupils the wrong idea of what language is and of the relationship between languages. Language is seen as a collection or words which are isolated and independent. Worst effect of this method is on pupil's motivation. Because (s)he cannot succeed - leads to frustration, boredom and indiscipline.

9. It seemed there was no need for students to master the four skills of English (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) The grammar-translation method is the easiest for a teacher to employ. It doesn't require a teacher to speak good English or make good lesson preparations. Jelou shilrren, hoy vamo’ a ver el “ver-tu-bi” Ai am Llu ar Ji is…

10. Exercises of a class using this method 1. Translation of a Literary Passage Students translate a reading passage from the target language into their native language. 2. Reading Comprehension Questions Students answer questions in the target language based on their understanding of the reading passage. 3. Antonym/synonyms Students are given one set of words and are asked to find antonyms in the reading passage. 4. Fill-in-the-blanks Students are given a series of sentences with words missing. 5. Deductive Application of Rule Grammar rules are presented with examples. Once students understand a rule, they are asked to apply it to some different example.

11. Lesson Time!! It’s

12. Frequency adverbs When do we use them? We often went camping when we were children. (Cuando éramos niños a menudo íbamos a acampar) I will always love you. (Siempre te amaré) Different positions Pedro sometimes visits us on Sundays. (Pedro a veces nos visita los domingos) She is often ill in winter. (Ella generalmente está enferma en el invierno)

13. The following list shows the most common adverbs of frequency , with the one that refers to things that happen most often at the top, and least often at the bottom: Nunca Never Casi nunca Hardly ever Raramente Rarely Ocasionalmente Occasionally A veces Sometimes A menudo Often Frecuentemente Frequently Usualmente Usually Siempre Always

14. Exercises i. Complete la oración con un adverbio de frecuencia. Example: He _______ plays on the computer. (He always plays on the computer) 1. He ________ listens to the radio. 2. They __________ read a book. 3. Pete __________ gets angry. 4. Tom is _________ very friendly. 5. I __________ take sugar in my coffee. 6. Ramon is _________ hungry. 7. My grandmother ___________ goes for a walk in the evening.

15. ii. Traduzca la oración. I rarely get up late on weekends. ________________________________________________ 2. Nunca tomo café al desayuno. ________________________________________________ 3. I am sometimes late for class. ________________________________________________ 4. Usualmente camino al colegio. ________________________________________________ 5. I hardly ever go running on Saturday mornings. ________________________________________________ 6. Siempre busco palabras difíciles en el diccionario. ________________________________________________ 7. I often take a bath at night. ________________________________________________