This document provides grammatical concepts and vocabulary in Spanish including: the preterite and imperfect tenses, por and para conjunctions, stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, commands using usted and ustedes, and the present subjunctive with various verbs. It also covers the uses of para and por, short and long forms of possessive adjectives, forming possessive pronouns, using the subjunctive, and common subjunctive triggers. Verb conjugations and uses of the subjunctive are discussed.

1. Julio Chupp

2.  Imperfect
 Preterite
 Por
y Para
 Stressed Possessive adjectives & pronouns
 Usted & ustedes commands
 Present subjunctive
 Subjunctive with verbs of will & influence
 Subjunctive with verbs of emotion
 Subjunctive with verbs of doubt & disbelief
 Subjunctive conjunctions

3. Ar
Er
Ir
Cantaba
Tenía
Salía
Cantabas
Teníias
Salías
Cantaba
Tenía
Salía
Cantábamos
Teníamos
Salíamos
Cantaban
Tenían
Salían
Use to: speak about background events in a story, talk about
something you used to do as a matter of habit, speak about
how old someone was, say what time it was

4. Ar verbs
Er/Ir
verbs
é
aste
ó
í
iste
ió
amos
asteis
aron
imos
isteis
ieron
used for past actions that are seen as completed

5. To express
gratitude/apology
“through”
“along”
“by”
“in the area of”
talking about
exchange, including
sales
to express a length
of time
to express cause or
reason

6. PARA
Indicate
Destination
“In order to”
“For”
“By”
“Considering”
Indicate
Purpose,
Intent,
Usefulness,
Need

7.  Short






form
Mi
Tu
Su
Nuestro
Vuestro
Su
Long Form
Mio
Tuyo
Suyo
Nuestro
Vuestro
Suyo

8.  To



form possessive pronoun:
Use the long form of possessive adjective
Add le, la, los, las based on the gender and
number of the noun
Attach pronoun to reflexive when using reflexive
in infinitive form

9.  1)
Start with the yo form of the present
indicative.
 2) Then drop the -o ending.
 3) Finally, add the following endings:


-ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)
-er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

10.  reflects
how the speaker feels about the
action
 1) Start with the yo form of the present
indicative.
 2) Then drop the -o ending.
 3) Finally, add the following endings:
 -ar verbs:
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en
-er and -ir verbs:
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

11.  Rogar

(o-ue)
To beg/plead
 Recomendar

To recommend
 Prohibir

To prohibit
 Mandar

To order
 Insistir

(e-ie)
To insist
Importar
To be
important
Aconsejar
To advise
Sugerir (e-ie)
To suggest

12. Alegrarse (de) – to be happy
Esperar – to hope/wish
Sentir (e-ie) – to be sorry/regret
Sorprender – to surprise
Temer – to be afraid/fear
Es triste – it’s sad
Ojála (que) – I hope that/wish
that

13. Dudar – to doubt
Negar (e-ie) – to deny
Es imposible – it’s impossible
No es cierto –
it’s not true
No es seguro –
it’s not
certain
Es improbable
– it’s
improbable
No es verdad
– it’s not true

14.  Es
necassario que
 Es malo que
 Es triste que
 Es bueno que
 Es urgente que
 Es importante que