2. El Subjuntivo
~Subjunctive~
• The subjunctive is used after verbs and
phrases to express feelings and emotions
(happiness, regret, fear, anger, pride).
• When it is just to express the feelings about
a certain action, the infinitive is used.
• Me alegro de nadar. (I am happy to swim.)
• Otherwise, when the action is completed by
a person, the verb is conjugated in
subjunctive.
• Me alegro de que tú nades conmigo. (I am
happy that you swim with me.)
3. Some Indicators of
Subjunctive
1.
2.
3.
•
•
•
•
Alegria (Happiness)
́
alegrarse de que: to be happy that
estar encantado: to be delighted that
me gusta que
me encanta que
Tristeza (Sadness) and Pena (Regret)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
entristecerse que: to feel sad that
sentir que
lamentar que: to regret that
deplorar que: to deplore, to regret that
me desilusiona que: it disappoints me that
•
•
temer que: to be afraid that
tener miedo que: to have a fear that
Temor (Fear)
4. Other Indicators of
Subjunctive
1. Irritacion and Ira (Anger)
́
•
•
•
•
me
me
me
me
•
•
estar orgullo de que: to be proud that
enorgullecerse de que: to take pride in
that
enoja que
irrita que
molesta que
enfada que
2. Orgullo (Pride)
3. Sorpresa and Emocion
́
•
•
me sorpende que
me emociona que: it touches me, it
thrills me that
5. El Subjuntivo con Expreciones de
Duda
~Expressing Doubt~
• Indicative: knowledge, belief, conviction
• Creo que estas cansada. (I believe that you are
́
tired.)
• Pienso que Alicia está aqui. (I think that Alicia is
́
here.)
• Subjunctive: uncertainty, doubt, denial
• No creo que estes enfermo. (I do not believe that
́
you are sick.)
• Dudo que me digas la verdad. (I doubt that you
tell me the truth.)
6. Verbs to Express
Certainty
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
saber: to know
creer: to believe
opinar: to be of the opinion
pensar: to think
estar seguro: to be sure
es verdad que: it is true that
es cierto que: it is certain that
es seguro que: it is sure that
7. Verbs to Express Doubt
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
dudar que: to doubt
no creer que
no opinar que
no pensar que
no estar seguro de que
no es verdad que
es dudoso que
es imposible que
es improbable que
negar que: to deny
8. El Uso del Subjuntivo despus de un
́
pronombre relativo
~After relative pronoun~
• Indicative: to refer to people or things whose
existence is certain
• Ud. conoce a un abogado que habla español.
(You know a lawyer who speaks English.)
• Vivimos en un apartamento que está en el
centro. (We live in an apartment that is in the
center.)
• Subjunctive: to refer to people or things whose
existence is uncertain
• Busco una abogada que hable frances. (I am
looking for a lawyer who speaks French.)
• No hay un profesor que pueda explicar esto.
(There is no teacher who would be able to
explain this.)
• In subjunctive, personal a before a person is
omitted.
9. Practice
~Certainty vs. Doubt~
Translate the following sentences using subjunctive
or indicative
1. There is someone who speaks
German.
2. Do you know that lady who is blonde?
3. Do you know a good restaurant that is
near your house?
4. Is there anyone who could help me?
5. I would like to live in a house that is
near my school.
10. Answer Key
1. Hay alguien que habla aleman.
́
2. Conoces la mujer que es
rubia?
3. Conoces un buen restaurante
que esté cerca de tu casa?
4. Hay alguien que pueda
ayudarme?
5. Me gustaria vivir en una casa
́
que esté cerca de mi colegio.
11. El Presente Perfecto del
Subjuntivo
~Present Perfect of Subjunctive~
• Formation: present
subjunctive of haber
+ past participle
• Used to refer to past
events or situations
instead of present
subjunctive.
• Siento que hayas
estado enfermo. (I
am sad that you
have been sick.)
• Siento que estes
́
enfermo. (I am sad
that you are sick.)
Subject
Hablar
que yo
haya hablado
que tú
hayas
hablado
haya hablado
que el, ella,
́
Ud.
que nosotros
que vosotros
que ellos,
ellas, Uds.
hayamos
hablado
hayais
́
hablado
hayan
hablado
12. Practice
~Form the following sentences using
present perfect subjunctive~
1. Mi hermanito/ tener miedo/
rotarme la pierna
2. Tú/ dudar/ ellas salir bien en el
examen
3. Yo/ entristecerse/ tú olvidar mi
fecha de cumpleaños.
13. Answer Key
1. Mi hermanito tiene miedo que me
haya roto la pierna.
2. Tú dudas que ellas hayan salido
bien en el examen.
3. Me entristezco que hayas
olvidado mi fecha de
cumpleaños.
