2. Table Of Contents
1. Nacionalidades
2. Stem Changing Verbs
3. Para
4. IO Pronouns
5. Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative and Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative tu commands and irregular and pronoun placement
11. Negative tu commands and irregulars and pronoun placement
12. Sequencing Events
3.
4. Stem Changing Verbs
O to UE Contar U to UE Jugar
Cuento Contamos Juego Jugamos
Cuentas Juegas
Cuenta Cuentan Juega Juegan
E to I Pedir E to ie Querer
Pido Pedemos
Quiero Queremos
Pides Quieres
Pide Pides
Quiere Quieren
5. Para
• Para- In order to
• El regalo es para Julio.
The gift is for Juan.
• Yo juego futbol americano para mi
escuela
I play football for my school
6. IO Pronouns
Me Nos Asking the
question to whom
or for whom?
Te Os
Doy a el papas fritas
I give him french fries
Le Les
7. Pronoun Placement
• The Direct Object Pronoun always goes
after the Inderect Object Pronoun
• Doy un regalo a mi amigo.
Se lo doy.
IO is after DO
8. Gustar
• Gustar means to like me nos
• The ending of gustar
is not based off of the
subject pronoun, but te os
the indirect object
pronoun
• Me gusta correr.
le les
9. Affirmative and Negative Words
Affirmative Negative
Algo- Something Nada- Something
Alguien- Someone Nadie- No one
Algun/alguno- Some Ningun/Ninguno- none, not
any
Algo de tomar? Siempre- Never
Something to drink? Tampoco- Neither, Either
Por ahora, nada mas
For now, nothing more
10. Superlatives
• The suffix –isimo –isimos –isima –isimas
are added to any adjective or adverb
• Adjective or Adverb ending in c, g, or z
change spelling to qu, gu, and c
• Riquisimo, Larguisimo, felicisimo
• You can also add –cisimo
• Trabajodorcisimo
• When you add superlatives it gives the
word more meaning
11. Reflexives
• Reflexive Verbs are used to Lavarse
describe people doing things
for themselves Me lavo Nos
• Reflexive Pronouns are used Lavamos
with reflexive verbs to indicate
that the subject of the
sentence recieves the action. Te lavas
When there is not a reflexive
pronoun, the person doing the
action does not receive the
action
Se lava Se lavan
• Some reflexives are afeitarse
(to shave), leventarse (to get
up), secarse (to dry oneself)
12. Affirmative Tu Commands,
Irregulars, Pronoun Placement
• Affirmative tu commands give instructions
or commands to someone
• Abrir Abre! Abre la puerta, quiero
entrar!
• The irregular affirmative tu commands are
di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven
• When using an object pronoun, attach the
pronoun to the end of the command.
• Cruza el parque Cruzalo!
13. Negative Tu commands, Irregulars,
Pronoun Placement
• Negative tu commands are formed by taking you
form of the present tense dropping the –o, and
adding the appropriate ending
• Hablar Hables No Hables!
• The irregulars are no digas, no vayas, no seas,
no hagas, no estes, no sepas, no tengas, no
vengas
• Object pronouns precede the verbs in negative
commands, just as with other conjugated verbs.
• No lo uses! Don’t use it
14. Sequencing Events
• Primero 1st
• Entonces- then
• Despues- after
• Por fin- finally
• Antes de/ Despues de- before/ after
• Por la manana/ tarde/ noche- During the
morning
• Los Lunes… etc….- on this day
