FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest 3D Printing technology used to manufactureaesthetically beautiful and proof of concept prototypes with smooth surface finish. We use photopolymer resins to manufacture the parts in SLA technology. The parts find applications in Automotive interiors, Industrial goods, Medical Devices industries etc.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest 3D Printing technology used to manufactureaesthetically beautiful and proof of concept prototypes with smooth surface finish. We use photopolymer resins to manufacture the parts in SLA technology. The parts find applications in Automotive interiors, Industrial goods, Medical Devices industries etc.
Fabrication is the processing of raw material or any semi finished product in the final shape by different methods such as welding, forming, sheet metal operations or casting. Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) is related to rapid prototype process.
3D printing is called as additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material. It is also known as rapid prototyping, is a mechanized method whereby 3D objects are quickly made on a reasonably sized machine connected to a computer containing blueprints for the object. It is working under the principle of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The 3D printing concept of custom manufacturing is exciting to nearly everyone. The basic principles include materials cartridges, flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible pattern.3D Printers are the machines that produce physical 3D models from digital data by printing layer by layer. It can make physical models of objects either designed with a CAD program or scanned with a 3D Scanner. Here we are going to propose a model report on design and fabrication of a 3D printer.
The presentation covers all the methods of Rapid protoyping and various aspects related to it.
The Topics covered in the presentation are
1) Droplet Deposition Manufacturing
2) Laminated Object Manufacturing
3) Fused Deposition Modeling
4) Selective Laser Manufacturing
5) Sterolithography
DESIGN OF MOULD TOOL & COOLING CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION OF REMOTE CONTROL TOP PANELIjripublishers Ijri
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are
typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.
Molding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or
matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.
Cooling channels are used in mold tool to reduce the temperature of the object to help molten material to solidify quickly
before the ejection. It is quite useful to increase the production rate.
DESIGN OF MOULD TOOL & COOLING CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION OF REMOTE CONTROL TOP PANELIjripublishers Ijri
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are
typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.
Molding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or
matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.
Cooling channels are used in mold tool to reduce the temperature of the object to help molten material to solidify quickly
before the ejection. It is quite useful to increase the production rate.
The aim of this project work is to design mold structure and optimize cooling channel system to reduce effect of warpage
of remote control top panel.
Similar to Fused Deposition Modelling by Hari Prasad (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
2. What is it?
Obtaining the desired model or prototype from a
semi solid material, when this material is extruded
from a nozzle
These technologies can be visualized as similar to
cake icing, in that material contained in a reservoir
is forced out through a nozzle when pressure is
applied
If the pressure remains constant, then the resulting
extruded material (commonly referred to as
“roads”) will flow at a constant rate and will remain
a constant cross-sectional diameter
3. The material that is being extruded must be in a
semi-solid state when it comes out of the nozzle
This material must fully solidify while remaining in
that shape
Furthermore, the material must bond to material
that has already been extruded so that a solid
structure can result
Once a layer is completed, the machine must index
upwards, or move the part downwards, so that a
further layer can be produced
4. There are two primary approaches when using an
extrusion process.
The most commonly used approach is to use
temperature as a way of controlling the material
state.
Molten material is liquefied inside a reservoir so
that it can flow out through the nozzle and bond
with adjacent material before solidifying
An alternative approach is to use a chemical
change to cause solidification
5. In such cases, a curing agent, residual solvent,
reaction with air, or simply drying of a “wet”
material permits bonding to occur
Parts may therefore cure or dry out to become
fully stable.
This approach may be more applicable to
biochemical applications where materials must
have biocompatibility with living cells and so
choice of material is very restricted
6. Basic principles
There are a number of key features that are
common to any extrusion-based system:
Loading of material
Liquification of the material
Application of pressure to move the
material through the nozzle
Extrusion
Plotting according to a predefined path and
in a controlled manner
Bonding of the material to itself or
secondary build materials to form a
coherent
Solid structure
Inclusion of support structures to enable
complex geometrical features
7. Fused Deposition Modelling
FDM was developed by Stratasys, Inc. of
Eden Prairie, MN, in the early 1990s
Process fabricates the parts by extruding
molten thermoplastic material through a
small nozzle to form a thin bead or road
that is deposited in a predetermined
manner
8. The FDM systems have evolved through
several models, beginning with the original
3D Modeller, a floor unit, and progressing
through the various "desktop units",
including the 1500, 1600, 1650, 2000, 8000,
and Quantum.
Basically, the 1500 through 2000 models are
capable of building parts in the 10" x 10" X
10" range, whereas the 8000 and the
Quantum can build 24" x 20" x 24" parts.
10. Software
All of the machines use the powerful
QuickSlice (QS) software, manufactured by
Stratasys to manipulate and prepare the
incoming STL data for use in the FDM
machines.
The software can be operated on various
types of workstations, from UNIX to PC
based, and the modellers can either be
operated directly from the workstation or by
a "dummy" PC whose sole purpose is to free
up time and space on the workstation.
11. Build materials
The FDMs can be equipped to build with
investment casting wax, acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, medical
grade ABS thermoplastic, and/or Elastomer
Currently ABS is used in most of the cases
12. Liquefier head moves in
X-Y direction
Extrusion nozzles
Foam slab
Support
Build platform
Moves in Z-direction
Build material spool
Support material spool
13. ◦The extrudate bonds to the previous layer
and the adjacent road and solidifies
quickly as a result of heat conduction
14. Path generation
CAD file preparation:
Before building a part, the STL file has to be
converted into the machine language understood
by the FDM
QS software is used for this purpose
The STL file is read into QS, and is displayed
graphically on screen in the Cartesian coordinate
system (x, y, and z)
QS gives you options on the FDM system being
used, the slice layer thickness, the build and
support materials, as well as the tip sizes
15. Part orientation/position
Once the part has been deemed an appropriate
build size, the part should be oriented in an
optimum position for building
The shape of the part plays the major role in this, in
that some orientations may require less supporting
of overhangs than others.
Also, rounded surfaces tend to turn out smoother
if built in the plane of movement of the extrusion
head (x, y), as curvatures in the z direction are
affected by the layering build technique
16.
17. Slicing
Once the part has been properly oriented and/or scaled,
it must be sliced.
Slicing is a software operation that creates thin,
horizontal cross sections of the STL file that will later be
used to create the control code for the machine.
In QS, the slice thickness can be changed before slicing,
the typical slices ranging from 0.005 inches to 0.015
inches.
Thinner slices may be used for higher definition models,
but this increases the time required to complete a part
build.
Likewise, less accuracy-sensitive parts can be built much
faster using a thicker slice value.
22. FDM Operation at a glance
I. Computer Aided Design File Preparation
II. Orientation/Positioning
III. Slicing
IV. Data transfer to the machine
V. Extruding the material from the nozzle
VI. Post processing (If required)
23. Process parameters
a) Liquifier temperature
b) Chamber temperature
c) Stand – off distance
d) Filament feed rate
e) Nozzle diameter
f) Deposition speed
g) Material type
24. Typical Uses of Fused Deposition
Modelling Parts
Concept/Design Visualization: Like other RP
systems, the FDM systems provide an excellent
route to obtaining prototype models for initial
observation of a design
Direct-use Components: Due to the rigidity of
the ABS parts, they can be used in various
applications to replace traditionally machined,
extruded, or injected plastic parts. The FDM can
build directly usable electronics housings, low-
speed wind-tunnel models, and working gear
assemblies among other uses. This allows users
to directly fabricate prototypes and test them
before actually machining the final design
25. Investment Casting: The investment-casting
wax offered by FDM opens up yet another
avenue of applications. If prototypes are
needed in a metal form, the parts can be
prototyped using the investment-casting wax,
and then carried through the traditional
investment-shell casting process to obtain
usable metal components
Medical Applications: The Medical Grade ABS
has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), and therefore is used by
the medical industry to produce various parts
within the industry. Since CAT Scan and MRI
data can be converted into the .STL file format,
custom models of internal organs, bones, etc.
can be reconstructed and studied before a
patient ever goes into surgery