The document discusses focusing sentences and introducing new information when giving presentations. It explains that "given" information, which the listener already knows, typically goes at the beginning of a sentence, while "new" information goes at the end. It provides examples of rearranging word order to focus on a particular point, such as a person, object or time. Structures for introducing new topics are presented. The document also discusses clarifying points when speaking, giving examples of expressions that can be used.

1. Giving Presentations
Focus
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

2. Focus
Focus:
Rearranging the word order of your sentence to
put emphasis on a certain point.
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3. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
In English, we can put important information at
the beginning or at the end of a sentence. There
are two types of important information.
‘Given’ Information - Information that the
listener already knows.
‘New’ Information - Information that is new to
the listener.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

4. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
‘Given’ information normally goes at the
beginning of a sentence.
‘New’ information generally goes at the end of a
sentence.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

5. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
‘Given’ information normally goes at the
beginning of a sentence.
‘New’ information generally goes at the
end of a sentence.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

6. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
The lecturer is talking about budgeting, so
budgeting in general = given information.
A budget (given) can be short-term, such as
operating budgets. (new)
In this type of budget, (given) day-to-day cash
availability is looked at, for instance. (new)
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7. Giving Sentences a Special
Focus
We sometimes change the normal word order to
emphasize a particular point, e.g., a person, an
object, a time.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

8. Giving Sentences a Special
Focus
Normal sentence
Henry Gantt invented the Gantt chart in the
1990s.
Focusing on person
It was Henry Gantt who invented …
Focusing on Object
It was the Gantt chart which Henry Gantt …
Focusing on Time
It was in the early 1990’s that Gantt ..
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9. Introducing New Information
We can use special structures to introduce a
new topic.
Budgeting is my subject today.
What I’m going to talk about is budgeting.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

10. Introducing New Information
Viability is very important.
What is very important is viability.
Money is the problem.
The reason for the problem is simply money.
Break-even point means where you just cover
your cost.
When you just cover costs, we call that break
even point.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013

11. Clarifying Points
When we are speaking, we often have to clarify
points. There are many expressions we can
use.
Examples:
Let me put in another way …
Look at it this way …
What I’m trying to say is …
The point/ thing is …
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