The document discusses a technical seminar on a buck converter fed by a PV array. It introduces PV systems and their applications. It describes the components of a PV system including PV modules, charge controllers, and buck converters. It explains that a buck converter connected between the PV array and battery uses maximum power point tracking to efficiently charge the battery by operating the PV array at its maximum power point. The document concludes that a buck converter increases the system efficiency when used with an MPPT technique in a PV system.

1. A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
BUCK CONVERTER FED BY PV ARRAY
PRESENTED BY
Monika Rout
1

2. 2
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 PV SYSTEM
 APPLICATIONS OF PV SYSTEM
 CHARGE CONTROLLER
 BUCK CONVERTER
 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
 ADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
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3. INTRODUCTION
 For environmental concern and increase in peak power
demand, PV solar cells has become
an alternative energy
source for green and clean power generation.
 With the growing demand for renewable sources of energy, the
manufacturing of solar cells and pv array has advanced in
recent years.
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4. 4
PV SYSTEM
PV MODULE
Imodule
ILOAD
+
+
Vmodule
-
CONVERTER
V load
LOAD
-
Fig.1. Block diagram of the PV system [1]
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5. 5
Fig.2.Simplified equivalent circuit diagram of pv cell[3]
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6. 6
PV SYSTEM(contd..)
 The PV cell output voltage is a function of the photocurrent
which is mainly determined by load current depending on the
solar radiation level during the operation.

Vc
I ph I 0
KTC
ln
e
I0
IC
RS I C
…………(1)
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7. APPLICATIONS
– Agriculture
– Industry, Telecommunications & Public Services
– Internal space station
– Health
– Residential
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8. 8
EUROPE
3%
7%
ASIA,JAPAN
15%
30%
NORTH AMERICA
INDIA,CHINA
20%
25%
SOUTH AMERICA
REST
Fig.3.Status of the PV technology worldwide.[6]
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9. 9
CHARGE CONTROLLER
 Charge controller regulates the charging and discharging of a
battery.
 Such
controllers
are
mainly
used
where
loads
are
unpredictable.
 The batteries are optimized or undersized to minimize the
initial cost.
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10. 10
SHUNT TYPE CHARGE CONTROLLER
S2
Blocking diode
battery
+
_
Pv array
Charge
controller
S1
Fig.4 circuit diagram for shunt charge controller[2]
load

11. 11
SERIES TYPE CHARGE CONTROLLER
S1
S2
battery
+
_
Pv array
Charge
controller
Fig.5 circuit diagram for series charge controller[2]
load

12. DC TO DC CONVERTER TYPE
CHARGE CONTROLLER
Pv array
Dc to dc converter
battery
Fig.6 circuit diagram for dc to dc charge controller[2]
12
load

13. 13
MPPT CHARGE CONTROLLER
 MPPT stands for maximum power point tracking
 All types of solar installations will be benefited by using
MPPT technology.
 To charge battery in more efficient manner, the pv array is
operated at a point where the pv output power is maximum.
 To extract maximum power from pv array, a dc to dc converter
is used between the pv array and the battery
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14. 14
THE BUCK CONVERTER
o The buck is a non-isolated power stage topology, sometimes
called a step down power stage.
o These converters produce a lower average output voltage than
the DC input voltage.
o It consists of a DC input voltage source
, inductor
L, controlled switch (BJT), diode D, filter capacitor C, and
load resistance R.
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15. 15
Fig.7 circuit diagram for buck converter[5]
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16. 16
Fig.8 waveform diagram for buck converter[5]
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17. MAXIMUM POWER POINT
TRACKING
 Photovoltaic system displays an inherently nonlinear current
voltage (I-V) relationship .
 When a solar pv module is used in a system, its operating
point is decided by the load to which it is connected.
 To ensure the operation of pv modules for maximum power
transfer, method is called MPPT.
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18. 18
Fig.7. Current/power Vs Voltage plot with MPPT [2]
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19. 19
ADVANTAGES
• No fuel requirement
• National economic benefits
• Easy to maintain
• Long life
• Environment friendly
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20. 20
CONCLUSION
• A dc-dc buck converter is introduced between PV
system and load to meet the dynamic energy
requirement of the load in an efficient way. It is
observed that, the buck converter largely
increases the system efficiency by using MPPT
technique.
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21. REFERENCE
[1] S. Rahmam, M. A. Khallat, and B. H. Chowdhury, “A discussion on
thediversity in the applications of photovoltaic system,” IEEE Trans.,Energy
Conversion, vol. 3, pp. 738–746, Dec. 1988.
[2]Chetan Singh Solanki,”Solar Photovoltaics,fundamentals,technologies and
applications”, second edition, PHI LEARNING Private Limited,2012.
[3]B.Chitti Babu, R.Vigneshwaran, Sudarshan Karthik, Nayan Ku. Dalei,Rabi
Narayan Das, “A Novel Technique for Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV
Energy Conversion System”, Proc. of International Conf. on Computer
Applications in Electrical Engineering, IIT Roorkee. pp.276-279,CERA 2010.
[4] S.Sukhatme,J.nayak “SOLAR ENERGY : PRINCIPLES OF THERMAL
COLLECTION AND STORAGE”, Third edition,Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
[5]Dr. P.S Bimbhra: “Power electronics”, KHANNA PUBLISHERS, New
Delhi,2010.
[6] G. Foley: “Photovoltaic Applications in Rural Areas of the Developing
World”. World Bank, 2012.
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