A dual converter is an electronic device that combines two bridges, where one bridge acts as a rectifier to convert AC to DC and the other acts as an inverter to convert DC back to AC. There are two main types - single phase and three phase dual converters. In operation, one converter acts as a rectifier while the other acts as an inverter to provide reversible DC power. Dual converters are commonly used for speed control of DC motors in industrial applications where reversible DC power is required.
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
This directional over current relay employs the principle of actuation of the relay....It has a metallic disc free to rotate between the poles of two...
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
This directional over current relay employs the principle of actuation of the relay....It has a metallic disc free to rotate between the poles of two...
Introduction
Working Principle
Step Down and Step Up Cycloconverter
Single phase to single phase cycloconverter
Mid-Point and Bridge type cycloconverter
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...Journal For Research
The current electronic devices require DC power source, which is taken from a battery or DC power supply. DC-DC converter is utilized to get regulated dc voltage from unregulated one. Switched mode power supply (SMPS) are commonly used in industrial applications, because of more advantages compared to linear power supply. In SMPS we have isolated and non-isolated converters, where isolated converters are frequently used, in order to get more voltage with multiple outputs. So among different isolated converters, push-pull converter is chosen for micro converter applications to obtain high voltage conversion ratio by using HF transformer, due to their better utilization of transformer. New methodology of control is implemented for making ZVS and ZCS at same time and to reduce the number of switches in the secondary side of dual inductor CFPP converter, which is a voltage doubler circuit. This becomes the solution for problem identification. Thus this converter with soft-switching reduces the switching losses.The current-fed push-pull converters are used in many applications like photo-voltaic (PV) power converters for boosting the output voltage. Push-pull converter is chosen for micro converter applications, to obtain high voltage conversion ratio by using high frequency (HF) transformer, due to their better utilization of transformer. This deals with the design of dual inductor CFPP converter, where zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) is achieved for the primary side of the converter by using secondary switches. Primary side switches are controlled by closed loop control topology. The secondary side is made with voltage doubler to obtain high voltage. Open loop and closed loop control of dual inductor current fed push pull converter simulation is finished by MATLAB/SIMULINK and their outcomes are analyzed.
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS IAEME Publication
A non isolated soft switching DC–DC converter and load at full range of zero-voltage
switching (ZVS) characteristic is proposed. The proposed converter consists of an auxiliary circuit,
an inductor, two switches, and 2 diodes to achieving high efficiency at full range of load. At low
and heavy loads, ZVS of switching device is achieved by energy storing component. The inductor
energy stored varies with load and hence results in minimizes conduction loss. This leads to
switching of device for full range of load. The proposed DC - DC converter achieves high
efficiency as switching loss is reduced due to soft switching and ZVS operation which severe to
reduce conduction loss. The efficiency is improved about 4% in boost mode (2.5% in buck mode) at
full range of load. To verify the performance of the proposed converter, experimental results
prototype are presented.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
1. Dr. Tejas N. Zaveri
Pro. Rashmi K. Patel
DUAL CONVERTER
2. INTRODUCTION OF DUAL CONVERTER
• Dual Converter is an Electronic Device or Circuit made by the
combination of two bridges. One of them works as Rectifier(Converts
A.C. to D.C.) and other bridge works as Inverter(converts D.C. into
A.C.). Thus an electronic circuit or device in which two processes take
place at same time, is known as Dual Converter.
3. PRINCIPLE OF DUAL CONVERTER
• In this simplified representation, assumption is made that the dual converters are ideal
and they produce pure DC output terminals. As shown in fig.1, each two-quadrant
converter is assumed to be a controllable direct voltage source, connected in series
with a diode. Diode D1 and D2 represent the unidirectional current flow
characteristics of the converters. The current in load circuit can, however, flow in
4. SINGLE PHASE DUAL
CONVERTER
• A dual converter may be single phase or 3 phase device. The simple diagram
given above is of single phase dual converter.
Fig. (2) Single phase Dual converter
5. • The difference between single phase and three phase dual converter
is just that in Three phase we uses three phase rectifier at first stage,
while in single phase dual converter we make use of single phase
rectifier circuit at first bridge.
• As explained above that in single phase dual converter we uses single
phase rectifier circuit for converting single phase A.C. into steady D.C.
Bridge No. 1 consists of Rectifier. then the rectified D.C. fed to a filter
which removes pulses from rectified D.C. and converts it to a pure
D.C. by filtering. After that, this pure D.C. is fed to load and from load
it is given to inverter circuit which converts this D.C. to A.C. and finally
this A.C. of inverter taken as output.
6. THREE PHASE DUAL CONVERTER
• In three phase dual converter, we make use of three phase rectifier
which converts 3 phase A.C. supply to D.C. The rest of the process is
same and same elements are used. The output of three phase
rectifier is fed to filter and after filtering the pure D.C. is fed to load. At
last the supply from load is given to last bridge that is inverter. It do
the Invert process of rectifier and converts D.C. into 3 phase A.C.
Fig. (3) Three Phase Dual Converter
7. PRACTICAL DUAL CONVERTERS
• If the firing angles of the two full converter are adjusted such that α1 + α2 =
180º , and both the converters operate simultaneously, then they will
produce the same average terminal voltages, which will be equal to the
average dc load terminal voltage.
• Due to this values of firing angles, one converter will be in the rectification
mode and the other in the inversion mode.
• However in the “Non Ideal Dual Converter,”(Practical) each converter
produce a ripple voltages at the outputs of the two converters are mostly out
of phase. In the way even though the average output voltages of the two
converters are equal, their instantaneous values are nod equal.
• Due to this fact when the outputs of the two converters are connected
together the instantaneous voltage difference at the terminals of the two
converters will produce a large circulating current between the two
converters.
• This current will not flow through the load. It is necessary to control this
circulating current by some means to protect the SCRs connected in the
8. • Two methods that are commonly used to control the circulating current
are as follows:
1. Operation without circulating current.
2. Operation with circulating current.
1. Operation without circulating current(Non circulating current
mode)
In this mode of operation the flow of circulating current is not
allowed at all by operating only one converter at a time. In this mode
the converter which is operating will carry the entire load current. The
other converter is temporarily kept in its OFF state.(firing pulse are
not applied to it).
9. Fig:4 Dual Converter in Circulating Current Mode
2. Operation with circulating current(Circulating current mode):
In this mode of operation, the magnitude of circulating current is
controlled below a safe value. This is achieved by connecting a
circulating current reactor between the output terminals of the two
converters as shown in figure.
10. DUAL CONVERTER WITH CIRCULATING
CURRENT
• In this mode of operation, both the converters are turned on simultaneously, the
firing angles are adjusted by the control voltage Vc in such a way that (α1 + α2) = 180º
• The average voltage produced by both the converters will be same, but their
instantaneous values will be different. The circulating current will flow due to this
potential difference.
• The circulating current is limited by a circulating current reactor.
Advantages
• Both the converters remain in conduction continually, irrespective of whether the
load current is continuous or not..
• The dual converter responds fast if the converters are in continuous conduction.
Disadvantage
• The disadvantage is that reactor has to be used. The reactors are costly and bulky
at high power levels.
13. OPERATION
• The operation of the dual converter with circulating current is explained with the
following assumptions : 1. The rector is lossless. 2. The firing angles of the two
converters are controlled so that their sum is 180º. [ (α1+ α2)=180º].
• The waveforms for the circulating current mode are as shown in fig.(5) The firing
angle for the converter I is α1=60º, therefore firing angle for the second converter
α2=180-60=120º.
• Because of the circulating current, both the converters are kept in the on state, at
the no load and with load conditions. Hence the voltage waveforms are well defined,
as shown in fig.(5)
• The supply voltage and the converter output voltages are as shown in fig.(5) The
instantaneous dc output voltage is the average of the instantaneous converter
voltages.
• This output voltage has a shape different from that of the converter output voltages.
But the average value of the output voltage is the same as the average value of
individual converter voltage.
14. DUAL CONVERTER WITHOUT CIRCULATING
CURRENT MODE
• In a dual converter without circulating current operating mode, the flow of
circulating current is completely inhibited through automatic control of the
firing pulses, so that only that converter which carries the load current is in
conduction and the other converter is temporarily blocked. Since only one
converter operates at a time and the other is in blocking state, no reactor is
required between the converters.
• At a particular instant, suppose converter 1 is operating as a rectifier and is
supplying the load current while pulses to second converter are blocked. For
the inversion operation, converter 1 is first blocked by removing its firing
pulses and load current is reduced to zero. Converter 2 is made to conduct
by applying the firing pulses to it. The current in converter 2 would now build
up through the load in the reverse direction. So long as converter 2 is in
operation, converter 1 is in the blocking state since the firing pulses are
15. • The pulses to converter 2 are applied after a delay time (current-free safety interval)
of 10 to 20ms. This delay time ensures reliable communication of thrusters in
converter 1. If the converter 2 is triggered before the converter 1 has been
completely turned-off, a large circulating current would flow between the two
converters.
• Irregular jumps in the level of the DC terminal voltage at the point of current
reversal must be avoided in order to achieve a smooth change over of current from
one converter to the other. Thus the firing pulse control should, ideally, be such that
the mean DC terminal voltage of the converter 2, at the instant of current reversal, is
the same as that of the converter 1.
• From the above discussion, it becomes clear that such a mode of operation requires
sophisticated control system which automatically blocks and unblocks the individual
converters in accordance with the direction of load current suitably with a safety
intervals.
16. APPLICATIONS OF DUAL CONVERTER
• Dual converters are mostly used at industries where we requires
reversible D.C. Generally Dual Converters are used for Speed Control
of D.C. Motors etc.