This document describes a project to charge batteries from solar supply using a buck-boost converter and MPPT. It includes block diagrams of the system components, explanations of how buck-boost converters and MPPT work to regulate voltage fluctuations, the aims and objectives of maximizing power from the solar panels and charging the batteries safely, and simulation results of the buck-boost converter in MATLAB.
Currently there are plenty of technological applications that utilize natural, environmental-friendly sources of energy. However, a disadvantage often found in natural energy sources is that the intensity produced is uncertain.
This occurence is also found in solar panels, wherein the light intensity that enters is not always equal. Light intensity may be affected by various factors such as ones on gloomy or sunny weathers.
With the use of buck-boost converters, the amount of output voltage may be set to higher or lower than the input voltage, enabling us to maintain the desired output voltage.
Fault location and correction are important in case of any power systems. This process has to be prompt and accurate so that system reliability can be improved , outage time can be reduced and restoration of system from fault can be accelerated.
Fault location calculation using Magnetoresistance sensor is described here.
Currently there are plenty of technological applications that utilize natural, environmental-friendly sources of energy. However, a disadvantage often found in natural energy sources is that the intensity produced is uncertain.
This occurence is also found in solar panels, wherein the light intensity that enters is not always equal. Light intensity may be affected by various factors such as ones on gloomy or sunny weathers.
With the use of buck-boost converters, the amount of output voltage may be set to higher or lower than the input voltage, enabling us to maintain the desired output voltage.
Fault location and correction are important in case of any power systems. This process has to be prompt and accurate so that system reliability can be improved , outage time can be reduced and restoration of system from fault can be accelerated.
Fault location calculation using Magnetoresistance sensor is described here.
Unsymmetrical Faults
Unsymmetrical faults are the faults which leads unequal currents with unequal phase shifts in a three phase system.
The unsymmetrical fault occurs in a system due to presence of an open circuit or short circuit of transmission or distribution line. It can occur either by natural disturbances or by manual errors. The natural disturbances are heavy wind speed, ice loading on the lines, lightening strokes and other natural disasters.
The open circuit or short circuits of transmission or distribution lines will lead to unsymmetrical or symmetrical faults in the system. In case of tree branches falling on lines, a short circuit of transmission lines will occur.
These line faults are classified as,
1. Single line to ground faults (LG fault)
2. Double line fault (LL fault)
3. Double line to ground fault (LLG fault)
Single line to ground fault is the most frequently occurring fault (60 to 75% of occurrence). This fault will occur when any one line is in contact with the ground. Double line fault occurs when two lines are short circuited. This type of fault occurrence ranges from 5 to 15%. Double line to ground fault occurs when two lines are short circuited and is in contact with the ground. This type of fault occurrence ranges from 15 to 25% of occurrence.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters.
This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems.
The inverter can thus be utilized as:
1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid &
2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current.
In this project, main focus is to develop high power density and high efficiency converter with closed loop control for attaining load and line regulation. Complete converter was simulated in PSIM and implemented hardware in CEERI lab.
These slides provide an elementary description of Power Electronics and its application domains. It also shows the different power devices and converters.
This ppt gives the basic idea about multilevel inverter.this ppt includes
1.Introduction
2.Advantages of multilevel inverters
3.Types of multilevel inverters
4.Working of multilevel inverters
5.Applications.
Unsymmetrical Faults
Unsymmetrical faults are the faults which leads unequal currents with unequal phase shifts in a three phase system.
The unsymmetrical fault occurs in a system due to presence of an open circuit or short circuit of transmission or distribution line. It can occur either by natural disturbances or by manual errors. The natural disturbances are heavy wind speed, ice loading on the lines, lightening strokes and other natural disasters.
The open circuit or short circuits of transmission or distribution lines will lead to unsymmetrical or symmetrical faults in the system. In case of tree branches falling on lines, a short circuit of transmission lines will occur.
These line faults are classified as,
1. Single line to ground faults (LG fault)
2. Double line fault (LL fault)
3. Double line to ground fault (LLG fault)
Single line to ground fault is the most frequently occurring fault (60 to 75% of occurrence). This fault will occur when any one line is in contact with the ground. Double line fault occurs when two lines are short circuited. This type of fault occurrence ranges from 5 to 15%. Double line to ground fault occurs when two lines are short circuited and is in contact with the ground. This type of fault occurrence ranges from 15 to 25% of occurrence.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters.
This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems.
The inverter can thus be utilized as:
1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid &
2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current.
In this project, main focus is to develop high power density and high efficiency converter with closed loop control for attaining load and line regulation. Complete converter was simulated in PSIM and implemented hardware in CEERI lab.
These slides provide an elementary description of Power Electronics and its application domains. It also shows the different power devices and converters.
This ppt gives the basic idea about multilevel inverter.this ppt includes
1.Introduction
2.Advantages of multilevel inverters
3.Types of multilevel inverters
4.Working of multilevel inverters
5.Applications.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
charging of battery from solar supply using buck boost converter
1. AMBEDKARNAGAR, U.P.
MAJOR PROJECT ON
CHARGING OF BATTERY FROM SOLAR SUPPLY USING BUCK
BOOST CONVERTER
GUIDED BY :
Mr. YUDHISTHIR PANDEY
(ASST. PROFESSSOR)
SUBMITTED BY :
- SHUBHAM SHEKHAR(1473720039)
2. CONTENTS
Introdruction
Block diagrams
Buck–boost converter
Continuous mode
Discontinuous mode
Limit between continuous and discontinuous modes
MPPT
Working
MPPT solar charge controller
Examples of DC to DC converter
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Main features of MPPT solar charge controller
Advantages
Disadvantages
3. INTRDUCTION
In this project battery is charged by solar supply using
buck-boost converter.
As we know to charge a battery safely required
constant supply.
It is done here buck boost converter.
It is DC-to-DC regulators are also known as Switching
Regulators which uses power switches like an inductor,
a capacitor and a diode to transfer power from input to
output.
5. BLOCK DIAGRAMS
Buck-boost converter- In above block diagram we use
increase and decrease output voltage.
PV Panel- It is solar cells which are used to collect solar
energy & transform it into electrical energy. It is also
known as photo voltaic cell.
6. Buck–boost converter
The buck–boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC
converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is
either greater than or less than the input voltage
magnitude. It is equivalent to a flyback converter using
a single inductor instead of a transformer.
7. Inductor
Dc voltage source
Mosfet
Diode
Capacitor
ICs
COMPONENT
8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF BUCK-
BOOST CONVERTOR
shows a simplified schematic of the buck-boost power stage with a
drive circuit block included. The power switch, Q1, is an n-channel
MOSFET. The output diode is CR1. The inductor, L, and capacitor, C,
make up the effective output filter. The capacitor ESR, RC,(equivalent
series resistance) and the inductor DC resistance, RL, are included in
the analysis. The resistor, R, represents the load seen by the power stage
output.
9. OPERATION
• Output voltage always
higher than the input voltage
When the switch is ON:
Diode is reversed biased
output circuit is thus isolated
inductor is charged.
• When the switch is OFF:
The output stage received
energy from the inductor as
well as from the input Filter
capacitor is very large to
ensure constant output
voltage.
Vd
L D
CS
+ vL
iL
+
vo
Vd
D
CS
+ vL -
iL
+
vo
-
10. • In this MOSFET is used as
switching device.
• It is voltage-controlled device
and also it requires small input
current.
• Switching speed is very high.
• It operates in nano seconds.
MOSFET
11. Examples of DC to DC converter
Boost converter is power converter which DC input
voltage is less than DC output voltage. That means PV
input voltage is less than the battery voltage in system.
Buck converter is power converter which DC input
voltage is greater than DC output voltage. That means
PV input voltage is greater than the battery voltage in
system.
12. MPPT
MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is algorithm
that included in charge controllers used for extracting
maximum available power from PV module under
certain conditions. The voltage at which PV module
can produce maximum power is called ‘maximum
power point’ (or peak power voltage). Maximum power
varies with solar radiation, ambient temperature and
solar cell temperature.
13. Working
The major principle of MPPT is to extract the
maximum available power from PV module by making
them operate at the most efficient voltage (maximum
power point). That is to say:
MPPT checks output of PV module, compares it to
battery voltage then fixes what is the best power that
PV module can produce to charge the battery and
converts it to the best voltage to get maximum current
into battery. It can also supply power to a DC load,
which is connected directly to the battery.
14. MPPT solar charge controller
A MPPT solar charge controller is the charge controller embedded with
MPPT algorithm to maximize the amount of current going into the
battery from PV module.
MPPT is DC to DC converter which operates by taking DC input from
PV module, changing it to AC and converting it back to a different DC
voltage and current to exactly match the PV module to the battery.
15. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Our main aim is to charge batteries safely from solar
supply. For the charging of battery safely we use here
buck –boost converter and MPPT devices. These
devices control fluctuating voltages in different
conditions.
To define the working of buck-boost converter.
To define the working of MPPT.
Simulation of buck-boost converter and its results
16. Main features of MPPT solar charge
controller
In any applications which PV module is energy source,
MPPT solar charge controller is used to correct for
detecting the variations in the current-voltage
characteristics of solar cell and shown by I-V curve?
MPPT solar charge controller is necessary for any solar
power systems need to extract maximum power from
PV module; it forces PV module to operate at voltage
close to maximum power point to draw maximum
available power.
17. Simulation
Imitation : Copy or Simulate or reproduce looks or
behavior.
Model : A thing used as an example to follow
imitate.
Simulation : Imitation of a Situation or Process.
It is not real thing.
20. Simulation result on matlab
Result of load voltage, source voltage and load current
Result of current across inductor, voltage across inductor, current across capacitor and
voltage across capacitor
21. Advantages
The duty ratio is always larger than 0.5 giving ,any
easier realization of low loss snubber circuit and
therefore making higher switching frequencies
possible, and equal voltage given across the two
inductor, making a coupling possible and therefore a
realization on a common core.
22. Disadvantages
Pulsed current drawn from the source; for larger duty
ratio substantially higher currents than the load
current flow in the semi conductor devices and in the
input inductor. This result in high conduction losses in
the semi conductors, relatively low efficiency and
problems with the cooling.
23. APPLICATIONS
Mobile battery can be charged
from solar using buck boost
converter.
Buck boost converters are used in
self regulating power supplies
24. Reference
Dr. P.S. Bhmibra , “Power Electronics ,” Third Edition,
2004, Khanna Publishers.
Dubey , G.K. ,Fundamentals of Electrical Drives, 1995,
Narosa Public house Delhi
Websites : www.googlescholar.com
