This document presents an overview of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It discusses the key assumptions of CAPM, including that investors hold diversified portfolios and can borrow/lend at the risk-free rate. CAPM represents the relationship between required return and systematic risk using the formula: Ke = Rf + β(Rm - Rf). It also discusses the different degrees of market efficiency, advantages of CAPM in considering only systematic risk, and disadvantages such as its assumptions. The conclusion states that while criticisms exist, CAPM remains a useful model and stands up well to criticism.

1. Presented by:
Arpit Agarwal
Heena Banka
Pooja Chandak

2. overview
 About CAPM
 Assumptions of CAPM
 Market Efficiency
 Advantages of CAPM
 Disadvantages of CAPM
 Conclusion

3. ABOUT CAPM
It represents the linear relationship between the return
required on an investment and its systematic risk
It is represented by the formula:
Ke = Rf +β (Rm – Rf)
Ke = Risk free rate + Risk premium

4. BETA (SYSTEMATIC RISK)
β = cov. (K e , R m )
δM
2
Value of β Characteristics of security
β < 1 Less sensitive to market
β = 1 Equally sensitive to market
β > 1 More sensitive to market

5. SML
Rf
β
RateofReturnoftheSecurity
SML
X

6. SML
Rf
β
RateofReturnoftheSecurity
SML
Y

7. ASSUMPTIONS OF CAPM
Investors hold diversified portfolios
Single-period transaction horizon
Investors can borrow and lend at the risk-free rate of
return
Perfect capital market

8. MARKET EFFICIENCY
Market efficiency has varying degrees:
 Weak efficiency
 Semi-strong
 Strong

9. WEAK EFFICIENCY
No investor can earn excess returns by developing
trading rules based solely on historical price or return
information

10. SEMI-STRONG EFFICIENCY
No investor can earn excess returns from using trading
rules based on any publicly available information

11. STRONG EFFICIENCY
No investor can earn excess returns using any
information whether publicly available or not

12. ADVANTAGES OF CAPM
 It considers only systematic risk, reflecting a reality in
which most investors have diversified portfolios from
which unsystematic risk has been essentially eliminated
 It generates a theoretically-derived relationship between
required return and systematic risk which has been
subject to frequent empirical research and testing
 It is generally seen as a much better method of
calculating the cost of equity than the dividend growth
model (DGM) in that it explicitly takes into account a
company’s level of systematic risk relative to the stock
market as a whole

13. Disadvantages
 The model assumes that asset returns are (jointly)
normally distributed random variables
 The model assumes that the variance of returns is an
adequate measurement of risk
 The model does not appear to adequately explain the
variation in stock returns
 The model assumes that given a certain expected
return investors will prefer lower risk (lower variance)
to higher risk and conversely given a certain level of
risk will prefer higher returns to lower ones

14. Contd……
 The model assumes that all investors have access to
the same information and agree about the risk and
expected return of all assets
 The market portfolio should in theory include all
types of assets that are held by anyone as an
investment (including works of art, real estate, human
capital...)

15. conclusion
Research has shown the CAPM to stand up well to
criticism, although attacks against it have been
increasing in recent years. Many other models have
been developed which are used extensively these days
like Fench and Fama Model. However, the CAPM
remains a very useful item in the financial
management toolkit.

16. THANK YOU!!!!!!