Capital Market Line graphically represents all portfolios with an optimal combination of risk and return.
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/capital-market-line
Many investors mistakenly base the success of their portfolios on returns alone. Few consider the risk that they took to achieve those returns. Since the 1960s, investors have known how to quantify and measure risk with the variability of returns, but no single measure actually looked at both risk and return together. Today, we have three sets of performance measurement tools to assist us with our portfolio evaluations. The Treynor, Sharpe and Jensen ratios combine risk and return performance into a single value, but each is slightly different. Which one is best for you? Why should you care? Let's find out.
Portfolio performance measures should be a key aspect of the investment decision process. These tools provide the necessary information for investors to assess how effectively their money has been invested (or may be invested). Remember, portfolio returns are only part of the story. Without evaluating risk-adjusted returns, an investor cannot possibly see the whole investment picture, which may inadvertently lead to clouded investment decisions.
The concept of the Security Market Line is very popular for portfolio management. It helps to derive the pricing of risky securities by plotting their expected returns.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/security-market-line
Many investors mistakenly base the success of their portfolios on returns alone. Few consider the risk that they took to achieve those returns. Since the 1960s, investors have known how to quantify and measure risk with the variability of returns, but no single measure actually looked at both risk and return together. Today, we have three sets of performance measurement tools to assist us with our portfolio evaluations. The Treynor, Sharpe and Jensen ratios combine risk and return performance into a single value, but each is slightly different. Which one is best for you? Why should you care? Let's find out.
Portfolio performance measures should be a key aspect of the investment decision process. These tools provide the necessary information for investors to assess how effectively their money has been invested (or may be invested). Remember, portfolio returns are only part of the story. Without evaluating risk-adjusted returns, an investor cannot possibly see the whole investment picture, which may inadvertently lead to clouded investment decisions.
The concept of the Security Market Line is very popular for portfolio management. It helps to derive the pricing of risky securities by plotting their expected returns.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/security-market-line
Asset Pricing and Portfolio Theory
I have presented a unique analysis which showcases the concepts of Aggregate & Aggregate lending and the numerical aspects of CAPM theory
Asset Pricing and Portfolio Theory
I have presented a unique analysis which showcases the concepts of Aggregate & Aggregate lending and the numerical aspects of CAPM theory
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) was introduced in 1964 as an extension of the Modern Portfolio Theory which seeks to explore the diverse ways by which investors can construct investment portfolios through means that can possibly minimize risk levels and at the same time ensure maximization of returns.
This slide set is a work in progress and is embedded in my Principles of Finance course, which is also a work in progress, that I teach to computer scientists and engineers
http://awesomefinance.weebly.com/
This slideshow is about the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM),developed by William Sharpe, John Lintner & Jan Mossin in 1960. It was developed as an extension of the portfolio theory of Markowitz. It is not an individual work of mine. This is a co-work of myself & Biyanka Jayawardhana, who is a colleague of mine.
It is a market place where shares of public companies are bought and sold
It is commonplace where the issuers of the shares & subscribers of the shares come together
Political risk is the risk that arises out of uncertainty and instability within the government framework or political institutions in a country.
To know more about it, refer to the following article:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/political-risk
Pegged Exchange Rates are exchange rates that are set by way of “pegging” of one’s currency with another country’s currency or some other valuable measure, such as gold.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/pegged-exchange-rate
A debt market instrument specifically a Note, which mostly matures between 5 years to 10 years is known as a Medium Term Note (MTN).
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/medium-term-note
IBF is a facility wherein the US Banking institutions provide banking services such as granting loans, accepting deposits, to foreign residents and foreign banks.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/banking-facility
Risk aversion is an approach to making investments in safe and stable financial instruments, even though if they provide limited or low returns. The opposite of risk aversion is “Risk Tolerance”.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/opposite-of-risk-aversion
Development Impact Bond or (DIB) is a financial tool that helps to fund development projects, usually of social nature.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/development-impact-bond-dib
A bond that releases interest payments on the basis of a particular price index is known as Indexed Bonds or Index-Linked Bonds or Inflation-Indexed Bonds.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/indexed-bonds-meaning-examples-advantages-and-more
Maturity Risk Premium is basically the extra return that an investor demands or gets for bearing the maturity risk. We can say, longer the maturity of a financial instrument, the more is the maturity risk premium it offers.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/maturity-risk-premium-meaning-need-and-calculation
Cross Hedge is a futures contract strategy or a financial strategy to offset or minimize the loss from one asset from the profits of the other asset.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/cross-hedge
Functional Currency (FC), as the word suggests, is the currency of the location or the economic environment in which a firm works.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/functional-currency-meaning-importance-how-to-determine
An exchange rate system in which the value of a currency is determined not only by the forces of demand and supply but also through some form of intervention by the central government or central banking regulator of that country is known as a dirty float.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/dirty-float
Blue Sky Laws are state regulations and their purpose is to safeguard investors from securities fraud. And these being the laws promulgated by the states, there may be some variations in the rules and regulations state-wise for these blue sky laws.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/blue-sky-laws
The term FACTORING in finance stands for the act of buying a company’s rights to collect payments from its debtors or accounts receivables and charging the company for this service.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/working-capital-financing/how-do-factoring-companies-work
A group of ratios that shows how efficiently the company is managing its assets to generate and maximize sales revenues is known as Asset Management Ratios.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-management/asset-management-ratios-types-interpretations-advantages-disadvantages-and-more
Structured notes are securities having a combination of derivatives and bond components, tailored to help investors with little risk appetite to invest in high to medium risk assets.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/structured-notes
Commodity funds are the funds that invest in commodities like rice, corn, or metals like gold. Like funds investing in stocks, the returns on commodity funds are also linked to the performance and price movements of these commodities in the market.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/commodity-fund
Nicholas Brady is the inspiration for the Brady bonds. In 1989, when Brady was the U.S. Treasury secretary, he came up with a proposal to help reduce the debt of the developing countries.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/brady-bonds-meaning-history-how-it-works-and-more
In forfaiting, exporters sell their trade receivables from the importers to a third party. This means that the exporters exchange their trade receivables with a third party for cash.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-accounting/forfaiting
In FRA, one user agrees to lend or borrow to another a specific amount of money at a future date and at a fixed rate.
The buyer enters into an FRA to get protection from any future rise in the interest rate. The seller enters into FRA to get protection from dropping interest rates.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/forward-rate-agreement-meaning-features-example-and-more
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. 1. Meaning
2. Equation of Capital Market Line
3. Components of Capital Market Line
4. Limitations
5. Reference
Content
3. Capital Market Line graphically represents all portfolios with an optimal combination of risk and return. Risk is
represented by using a standard deviation on the x-axis, while the y-axis represents the expected return of a
portfolio. The capital market line assumes the risk portfolio as a market portfolio.
Meaning
4. The equation of the capital market line is:
E (R)p= RFR + SDp * {E (R)m – RFR}/SDm
Where,
E (R)p = The return an investor expects from a portfolio
RFR = Risk-free rate
SDp = Standard deviation of the portfolio
E (R)m = Expected return from the market
SDm = Standard deviation of the market
Equation of Capital Market Line
5. Components of capital market line are as follows:
1. Slope:
CML assumes that the entire risk portfolio is the market portfolio. Therefore, the slope of the CML is the Sharpe Ratio
of the portfolio.
2. The Efficient Frontier:
A combination of risky assets is depicted by the efficient frontier. A line that is drawn tangentially to the Efficient
Frontier from the rate of return that is risk-free is the capital market line.
Components of Capital Market Line
6. Followings are the limitations of capital market line:
• Presence of friction.
• Taxes and transaction cost.
• The difference in investors worldwide.
• Ignores different types of risks.
• Absence of risk free asset.
• The flaw in risk free rates.
Limitations
7. Reference
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/capital-market-line