The document discusses bioreactors and fermenters. It defines a bioreactor as an apparatus used for growing microorganisms like bacteria and yeast that are used in biotechnology to produce substances such as pharmaceuticals. A fermenter is defined as a similar apparatus used for large-scale fermentation and commercial production. The document then elaborates on bioreactor and fermenter design, including parts like impellers and sensors, and different types of designs like stirred tank, air lift, packed bed, and fluidized bed reactors. It provides details on how each type works and its applications.

1. Raffia Siddique
National University of Sciences and
Technology sector H-12 Islamabad
raffiasiddique_93@hotmail.com

2. Fermentation is the process which requires fermenter
or a bioreactor, the basic thing which enable the
scientist help in their biotechnological research, to see
their desired products being produced. The complete
bioreactor design from inside and outside is being
elaborated along with different types of fermenters
which help in different type of fermentation processes.
The
bioreactor
parts,
its
assembly, disassembly, cleaning autoclaving. The
performance of bioreactors and different problems
which arise during the functioning of bioreactors are
being discussed. Method of sampling are also
unscrambled, hence a complete package on design of
bioreactor and fermenter

3. Bioreactor
•
A bioreactor can be defined as
an apparatus, such as a large
fermentation chamber, for
growing organisms such as
bacteria or yeast that are
used in the biotechnological
manufacture of substances
such
as
pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or
vaccines,
or
for
the
bioconversion of organic waste.
Fermenter
•
However a fermenter can be
defined as an apparatus that
maintains optimal conditions
for
the
growth
of
microorganisms, used in largescale fermentation and in the
commercial
production
of
antibiotics and hormones

6. Fermenter / bioreactor general
appearance

7. 1. round bottom , top
plate
2. Seal
3. Sample pipe
4. Port fittings of various
sizes
5. special inoculation port
6. gas sparger
7. A drive motor
8. Drive shaft
9. Impellers
10. Baffles
11. Air Filter

8. 12. Dissolved oxygen
electrode
13. pH electrode
14. Antifoam probe
15. Cooling Valve
16. Heater pad
17. Pt-100 temperature
sensor
18. Cold finger
19. Reagent bottles
20.Sample device
21. controller base unit

9. Peripheral parts and
accessories

10. Common Measurement And
Control Systems

11. Bioreactor/ Fermenter
Designs
1. Stirred Tank
2. Air lift reactors
3. Bubble Column
4. Packed bed reactors
5. Trickle bed reactors
6. Fluidized bed reactor

12. Stirred tank reactor
• Mixing method:
Mechanical agitation
• High input required
• Baffles are constructed
within the built-in.
• Applications include
production of
antibiotics and
free/immobilized
enzymes
• Draw back is that high
shear forces may break
the cells

13. Air lift reactors
Mixing method: airlift
• Central draft tube
• Up-flowing stream
and down flowing
stream
• Homogenization of all
components present
• Applications
includebacterial, ani
mal, plant, fungi and
yeast cells.

14. Bubble column reactor
Mixing method: Gas
sparging
• Simple design
• Good heat and mass
transfer rates
• Low energy input
• Gas-liquid mass transfer
coefficients depend
largely on bubble diameter
and gas hold-up

15. Packed bed reactor
• Column with
attached biofilm
• Biocatalysts
• Pump is required
to make fluid move
through the
packed bed
• Applications
include waste
water treatment

16. Fluidized bed reactor
• When the packed
beds are operated
in up-flow
mode, the bed
expands at high
liquid flow rates
due to upward
motion of the
particles.
• Energy is required
• Waste water
treatment

17. Trickle bed reactors
• Liquid is sprayed onto
the top of the packing
and trickles down
through the bed in small
rivulets.
• In the process, the
gaseous pollutants on
the surface of the
carriers is adsorbed and
immediately biologically
mineralized (degraded)
by the microorganisms.

18. References
•
”Bioreactor”. Def. The Free Dictionary by Farlex.from
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bioreactor
• Bioreactor. An Encyclopedia
Britannica.From http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/bioreactor
• ”fermentor”.Def. The Free Dictionary
by Farlex.from
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/fer
menter
• ”fermentation” . Def. The Free
Dictionary by Farlex.from
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/fer
mentation

19. Thank you