Plants have been genetically engineered to serve as bioreactors for producing valuable biomolecules. Key advantages of plant bioreactors include low production costs, ease of scale-up and storage, and the ability to produce many products like vaccines, therapeutics, and industrial compounds. However, challenges remain around enhancing product yields, addressing storage and commercialization issues, and assessing social and environmental impacts.
Presented by- MD JAKIR HOSSAIN
Doctoral Research Scholar
Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering ,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
E. Mail- mjakirbotru@gmail.com
Presented by- MD JAKIR HOSSAIN
Doctoral Research Scholar
Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering ,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
E. Mail- mjakirbotru@gmail.com
this presentation deals with Molecular Ph(f)arming, and bio-safety issues related to it. This was presented by me in credit seminar in the division of Agricultural physics, IARI, New Delhi.
the sources used are duly acknowledged in the figures and slides.
Haploid Production - Techniques, Application & Problem ANUGYA JAISWAL
Haploid is applied to any plant originating from a sporophyte (2n) and containing (n) number of chromosomes.
Artificial production of haploids was attempted through distant hybridization, delayed pollination, application of irradiated pollen, hormone treatment and temperature shock.
The artificial production of haploids until 1964 was attempted through:
1. Distant hybridization
2. Delayed pollination
3. Application of irradiated pollen
4. Hormone treatments
5. Temperature shocks
The development of numerous pollen plantlets in anther cultures of Datura innoxia, first reported by two Indian scientists (Guha and Maheshwari, 1964, 1966), was a major breakthrough in haploid breeding of higher plants.
The technique of haploid production through anther culture ('anther - androgenesis') has been extended successfully to numerous plant species, including many economically important plants, such as cereals and vegetable, oil and tree crops.
this presentation deals with Molecular Ph(f)arming, and bio-safety issues related to it. This was presented by me in credit seminar in the division of Agricultural physics, IARI, New Delhi.
the sources used are duly acknowledged in the figures and slides.
Haploid Production - Techniques, Application & Problem ANUGYA JAISWAL
Haploid is applied to any plant originating from a sporophyte (2n) and containing (n) number of chromosomes.
Artificial production of haploids was attempted through distant hybridization, delayed pollination, application of irradiated pollen, hormone treatment and temperature shock.
The artificial production of haploids until 1964 was attempted through:
1. Distant hybridization
2. Delayed pollination
3. Application of irradiated pollen
4. Hormone treatments
5. Temperature shocks
The development of numerous pollen plantlets in anther cultures of Datura innoxia, first reported by two Indian scientists (Guha and Maheshwari, 1964, 1966), was a major breakthrough in haploid breeding of higher plants.
The technique of haploid production through anther culture ('anther - androgenesis') has been extended successfully to numerous plant species, including many economically important plants, such as cereals and vegetable, oil and tree crops.
REGULATION OF
GENE EXPRESSION
IN PROKARYOTES & EUKARYOTES .
This presentation is enriched with lots of information of gene expression with many pictures so that anyone can understand gene expression easily.
Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule.
Gene expression is explored through a study of protein structure and function, transcription and translation, differentiation and stem cells.
It is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.
The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
Regulation of gene expression:
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed.
CLASSIFICATION OF GENE WITH RESPECT TO THEIR EXPRESSION:
Constitutive ( house keeping) genes:
Are expressed at a fixed rate, irrespective to the cell condition.
Their structure is simpler.
Controllable genes:
Are expressed only as needed. Their amount may increase or decrease with respect to their basal level in different condition.
Their structure is relatively complicated with some response elements.
TYPES OF REGULATION OF GENE:
positive & negative regulation.
Steps involving gene regulation of prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
Operon-structure,classification of mechanisms- lac operon,tryptophan operon ,
and many things related to gene expression.
This is a video slide so anyone can understand this topic easily by seeing pictures included in this slide.
Bioreactors for animal cell suspension cultureGrace Felciya
1. Types of culture
2. Techniques of cultivating animal cell
3. suspension culture/ Non anchorage dependent
4. Bioreactor consideration
5. Requirements of Bioreactor
6. Reactors used in cultivation
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
Producing proteins or other metabolites useful to business or medicine in plants that are typically used in agriculture is known as molecular farming.
The practise of using plants to create recombinant protein products is known as molecular farming. The technology is now older than 30 years. The initial promise of molecular farming was predicated on three anticipated benefits: the low cost of plant cultivation, the enormous scalability of agricultural output, and the intrinsic safety of plants as hosts for the synthesis of medicines. As a result, a tonne of studies were published in which various proteins were expressed in various plant-based systems, and several businesses were established in an effort to commercialise the novel technology. For businesses making proteins for non-pharmaceutical uses, there was a modicum of success, but in the pharmaceutical industry, the hopes sparked by early, promising research were quickly dashed by the hard facts of industrial pragmatism.
Plant biopharming is defined as the farming of transgenic plants genetically modified to produce “humanised” pharmaceutical substances for use in humans.
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And BiotechnologyZohaib HUSSAIN
The property of DNA to replicate and reproduce and to have a sequence also called as coding sequence for mRNA and ultimately for protein. The most important feature of DNA is if DNA coding for protein is from one organism is copy and paste in another it will express there to. This feature is manipulated for benefit of humans using technique called recombinant DNA Technology using which lots of improvements are done in agriculture, health care sector and industrial sector.
Biotechnology and its applications
Introduction:
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology, involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use“.
Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc.
The wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of the plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.
Its Applications:
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas,
Food Industry
Health and Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial And Environmental
Applications of Plant Tissue Culture || Presented by Mamoona Ghaffar Mamoona Ghaffar
Applications of Plant Tissue Culture || Presented by Mamoona Ghaffar
Applications in Genetic Engineering, Transgenic Plants, Biotechnology, Industries
Feel free to ask about your queries.
K. Vanangamudi
Agricultural Biotechnology
Biotechnology definition
Stages of biotechnology development
Types of biotechnology
Applications of biotechnology
Branches of biotechnology
Agricultural biotechnology
Technologies in plant biotechnology
Achievements in Agricultural Biotechnology
Genetically Modified (GM) crops status in the world and India
Biotechnology institutes
Highly descriptive and illustrative presentation based on Biotechnology chapter 12 of NCERT class XII.
This is an important topic especially from biological research point of view.
This is to help students thoroughly understand the topic for exams as well as for future practical applications.
This ppt explains about molecular farming, history of molecular farming, importance, basic process underlying it, its application in agriculture and its limitations
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
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31. Rice as bioreactors : Oral delivery system for vaccine antigens, immunotherapy and therapeutic proteins are recent advances.6 Streatfield SJ et al., 2003
36. Safflower : High protein yield, Low acreage, and Self-pollinating.
37. Oilseed-derived protein: Commercial production of Hirudin, an anti-coagulant for treatment of thrombosis in rapeseed by SemBioSys(Bootheet al., 1997)8
38. Where they are produced? Shown are various Intracellular organelles or Extracellular spaces (ES) that can be used to store the recombinant proteins expressed in a plant bioreactor. Targeting strategies in plant bioreactors. G- Golgi; PSV- Protein storage vacuole; OB - Oil body; C- Chloroplast; ES- Extracellular space; PVC - Prevacuolar compartment. 9
47. Antigenic determinantsfor Pathogens causing diseases have been produced from plants.(Diarrhea, anthrax, rabies, cancer, HIV, tuberculosis etc)
48. Antigens like Insulin, rotavirus enterotoxin, anthrax lethal factor, HIV antigen, foot and mouth disease virus antigen, heat stable toxin have been produced in plants as a fusion partner of CTB or LTB.11 http://www.dowagro.com/uk/media/General/20061017.htm, Khandelwalet al., 2003; Sharma et al., 2004, Streatfield and Howard, 2003, Tiwariet al., 2009 and Youm et al., 2008.
67. Another use of plants is to make genetically engineered plants that can produce seeds which can function as a delivery mechanism for various industrial enzymes.
68. As you can see these processes go far beyond the application of biotechnology in traditional agriculture, and so today, transgenic plants can produce on a mass scale proteins for agricultural, veterinary and pharmaceutical use.16
77. References Boothe JG, Parmenter DL, Saponja JA. (1997) Molecular farming in plants: oilseeds as vehicles for the production of pharmaceutical proteins. Drug Dev Res, 42:172–81. Butelli E, Titta L, Giorgio M, Mock HP, Matros A, Peterek S, (2008). Enrichment of tomato fruit with health-promoting anthocyanins by expression of select transcription factors. Nat Biotechnol, 26:1301–8. Dow AgroSciences. Dow AgroSciences achieves world's first registration for plant-made vaccines. 2006 Press release (http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm). Fraser PD, Romer S, Shipton CA, Mills PB, Kiano JW, Misawa N (2009). Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing an additional phytoene synthase in a fruit specific manner. ProcNatlAcadSci USA , 99: 1092–7. Goldstein DA, Thomas JA. (2004), Biopharmaceuticals derived from genetically modified plants. QJM, 97: 705–16. Hiatt A, Cafferkey R, Bowdish K. (1989), Production of antibodies in transgenic plants. Nature, 342: 76–8. Hoffmann M, Wagner M, Abbadi A, Fulda M, Feussner I. (2008), Metabolic engineering of omega3-very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production by an exclusively acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. J BiolChem, 283: 22352–62. Hood EE, Witcher DR, Maddock S, Meyer T, Baszczynski C, Bailey M, (1997), Commercial production of avidin from transgenic maize: characterization of transformant, production, processing, extraction and purification. Mol Breed, 3: 291–306. 19
78. References(Cont.…) Kang K, Lee K, Sohna S, Parka S, Lee S, Kima S, (2009), Ectopic expression of serotonin hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and differential production of phenylpropanoid amides in transgenic tomato tissues. SciHortic, 120: 504–10. Khandelwal A, Sita GL, Shaila MS. (2003), Expression of hemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus in transgenic tobacco and immunogenicity of plant-derived protein in a mouse model. Virology, 308: 207–15. Lee S, An G. (2009), Over-expression of OsIRT1 leads to increased iron and zinc accumulations in rice. Plant Cell Environ, 32: 408–16. Ma JK, Drake PM, Christou P. (2003), the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants. Nat Rev Genet, 4: 794–805. Naqvi S, Zhu C, Farre G, Ramessar K, Bassie L, Breitenbach J, (2009), Transgenic multivitamin corn through biofortification of endosperm with three vitamins representing three distinct metabolic pathways. ProcNatlAcadSci USA, 106: 7762–7. Nunes AC, Kalkmann DC, Aragão FJ.(2009), Folatebiofortification of lettuce by expression of a codon optimized chicken GTP cyclohydrolase I gene. Transgenic Res, doi:10.1007/s11248-009-9256-1. Pujol M, Ramírez NI, Ayala M, Gavilondo JV, Valdés R, Rodríguez M, (2005), An integral approach towards a practical application for a plant-made monoclonal antibody in vaccine purification. Vaccine, 23: 1833–7. 20
79. References (Cont.…) Regina A, Bird A, Topping D, Bowden S, Freeman J, Barsby T, (2006). High-amylose wheat generated by RNA interference improves indices of large-bowel health in rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103: 3546–51. Russell DA, Spatola LA, Dian T, Paradkar VM, Dufield DR, Carrol JA, (2005). Host limits to accurate human growth hormone production in multiple plant systems. BiotechnolBioeng, 89: 775–82. Schillberg S, Zimmermann S, Voss A, Fischer R. (1999), Apoplastic and cytosolic expression of full-size antibodies and antibody fragments in Nicotianatabacum. Transgenic Res. 8:255–63. Sharma AK, Jani D, Tyagi AK. (2004), Transgenic plants as bioreactors. Ind J Biotechnol. 3: 274–90. Streatfield SJ, Howard JA. (2003), Plant-based vaccines. Int J Parasitol, 33: 479–93. Tiwari S, Verma PC, Singh PK, Tuli R. (2009), Plants as bioreactors for the production of vaccine antigens. Biotech adv, 449–67. Woodard SL, Mayor JM, Bailey MR, Barker DK, Love RT, Lane JR, (2003), Maize (Zea mays)- derived bovine trypsin: characterization of the first large-scale, commercial protein product from transgenic plants. iotechnolApplBiochem, 38: 123–30. Youm JW, Jeon JH, Kim H, Kim YH, Ko K, Joung H. (2008). Transgenic tomatoes expressing human beta-amyloid for use as a vaccine against Alzheimer's disease. BiotechnolLett, 30: 1839–45. 21