Airlift fermenter
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This document discusses the airlift fermenter. It notes that fermenters must provide a controlled environment for microorganism or cell growth to produce desired products. An airlift fermenter circulates liquid using the density difference between the riser and downcomer columns caused by sparged air or gas. The main type discussed is the concentric draft tube airlift fermenter, which has an internal riser tube that introduces gas to lift liquid up the riser and down the surrounding downcomer tube. Tower loop and ICI deep shaft airlift fermenters are also mentioned. Airlift fermenters provide mixing without mechanical agitation and have high oxygen transfer rates, making them well-suited
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Airlift fermenter
This document discusses airlift fermenters, which are a type of bioreactor. It provides three key points:
1) Airlift fermenters are pneumatic bioreactors that use gas injection and density gradients to circulate liquids without a mechanical agitator, reducing shear stress and heat generation.
2) There are two main types - internal loop fermenters with a central draft tube, and external loop fermenters with separate circulation channels.
3) Airlift fermenters are commonly used for aerobic processes, producing products like single cell proteins, due to their efficiency and ability to handle fragile cells. They have simple designs but require higher gas pressures and throughputs than stirred
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Invert…
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Y = MX + C
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Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
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The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
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https://ashpc.eu/
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As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
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the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
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Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
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on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
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20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
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Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Airlift fermenter
- 1. Presentation by : Parnavi S. Kadam Topic : Airlift fermenter
- 2. Fermenter • The basic function of a fermenter is to provide a controlled environment for the growth of micro-organisms or animal cells, to obtain a desired product. Points that should be considered while designing & constructing a fermenter:- 1) The fermenter should be capable of being operated aseptically for a no.of days 2) It should be reliable in long-term operation 3) Adequate aeration & agitation should be provided to meet the metabolic requirements of the microbe.Howeever mixing should not cause damage to the organism. 4) Power consumption should be as low as possible (2)
- 3. 5) Systems for temperature & pH control should be provided 6) Sampling facilities should be provided 7) The vessel should be designed to require the minimal use of labour in operation, harvesting,cleaning & maintanence. 8)The vessel should be of similar geometry to both smaller and larger vessels in the pilot plant or plant to facilitate scale-up. (3)
- 4. What is an Airlift Fermenter? • Air lift/Gas lift bioreactors are an alternative to mechanically agitated systems that reduce shear stress by eliminating the mechanical agitator. Types of an Airlift fermenter • Concentric draft tube Airlift fermenter • Tower loop Airlift fermenter • ICI deep shaft Airlift fermenter • Low pressure Airlift fermenter (4)
- 5. Airlift fermenter • 1)Concentric draft tube airlift fermenter
- 6. • Also called as ‘Airlift Fermenter with inner loop’ • Most industrial airlift fermenters are of this type • It is used for continuous culture. • It consists of an internal riser tube(draft tube) which is placed inside the downcomer tube. • Air or gas mixtures are introduced into the base of the internal riser by a sparger during normal working conditions. • The draft tube functions as the aerated section. • The air which is sparged, rises the liquid(media containing nutrients and the cell mass)up and eventually it flows down in the downcomer tube. • The driving force for the circulation of the medium in the vessel is produced by the difference in the density between the liquid column in the riser and the liquid column in the downcomer. • (5)
- 7. • The ratio of the diameter of the draft tube to that of the downcomer tube is one of the important design characteristics in maximizing liquid circulation rate & in minimizing mixing time. • Diameter ratios in the range of 0.6-0.8 have often been quoted to give optimal performance. • Baffles are incorporated in the draft tube to prevent vortex formation & to improve aeration efficiency. • Cooling system is incorporated in the fermenter design by involving cooling jackets around the wall of the downcomer tube • (6)
- 8. • 2)TOWER LOOP AIRLIFT FERMENTER • Tower loop airlift fermenters, also known as external loop airlift fermenters or tubular loop fermenters, differ from the concentric tube fermenters by having the air-sparged riser column physically separated from the downcomer. (7)
- 9. • 3) ICI DEEP SHAFT AIRLIFT FERMENTER • Developmental work for operational processes for SCP has been done by ICI plc in Great Britain (Taylor and Senior, 1978;Smith,1980), Hoechst AG-Unhe GmbH in Germany (Faust et al., 1977) & Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.Inc. in Japan(Kuraishi et al., 1978). • 4) LOW PRESSURE AIRLIFT FERMENTER • To produce single-cell protein from hydrocarbons, the high demand of oxygen with hydrocarbon substrates and the rising cost of energy and capital investment made it apparent that economical fermenter designs could have a significant impact on the cost of production. • (8)
- 10. • Advantages of a Airlift Fermenter • Airlift fermenter is without any mechanical stirring arrangements • Turbulence caused by fluid flow ensures adequate mixing of the liquid • Compared to stirred tank airlift’s are easy to scale up & they require less energy to operate • It is ideally suited for aerobic cultures since oxygen mass transfer coefficient are quite high. • Applications: • Production of beer,yeast & SCP • Waste water treatment • To produce biopharma proteins from fragile cells
- 11. References • Stanburry P.F,Whittaker A,Hall S.J,Principles of Fermentation Technology,2ⁿᵈ Edition • N.Y. Chen (1990) The Design of Airlift Fermenters for use in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews,8:1, 379-396, DOI:10.1080/02648725.1990.10647875
- 12. THANK YOU