This document provides an overview of formal methods and sequential equivalence checking from the perspective of a user at IBM. It discusses trends in formal verification, why formal methods are preferable to simulation-based techniques, and describes the verification process for new and derivative chip designs. It provides definitions for key terms like equivalence checking, logic cones, and sequential behavior. It also discusses lessons learned from applying sequential equivalence checking to verify changes made in the design of the Xbox 360 processor and PowerPC 464 floating point unit.
This document discusses formal verification in VLSI systems. It begins by explaining that formal verification uses mathematical proofs to show a system works as intended, as an alternative to testing which is limited and costly for large VLSI designs. It then covers various techniques in formal verification including Kripke structures to model systems, temporal logic to specify properties, and model checking to automatically verify properties by exhaustive search. The document provides examples and discusses the challenges of state explosion in formal verification.
Formal verification involves proving the correctness of algorithms or systems with respect to a formal specification using mathematical techniques. It can be done by formally modeling a system and using theorem proving or model checking to verify that the model satisfies given properties. Theorem proving uses logical deduction to prove properties, while model checking automatically checks all possible states of a finite model against temporal logic properties. Both approaches have advantages and limitations, but formal verification can help find bugs and prove correctness of systems.
Formal verification is the process of proving or disproving properties of a system using precise mathematical methods. It provides guarantees that no simulations will violate specified properties. Formal verification can be applied at the block and system-on-chip levels to eliminate bugs early. However, current formal verification tools have limitations including capacity issues, generating coverage metrics from assertions, and handling large designs and multiple modes of operation. Improving formal verification requires efficient strategies and advancing tool capabilities.
This document provides an introduction to classic model checking. It discusses that classic model checking refers to set of non-execution based algorithmic approaches for checking properties expressed as linear temporal logic, computational tree logic, or finite state automata against a finite state model. It outlines some of the key concepts of classic model checking including modeling the system as a finite state machine or Kripke structure, specifying properties in temporal logic, and using algorithms to automatically verify the system exhaustively. The document also discusses some of the challenges of classic model checking including state explosion, difficulty in modeling complex systems, and interpreting error traces.
The document discusses formal verification academic research in the UK. It outlines several universities and research groups conducting work in formal methods and verification, including the Universities of Cambridge, Warwick, Oxford, Bristol, and Southampton. It also summarizes a verification methodology paper co-authored by researchers from the University of Oxford and Intel that addresses issues like realism, structure, and debugging in microprocessor design verification.
This presentation describes the history and background behind the introduction of model checking. Transition systems workflow is also illustrated in terms of model checking.
This document contains an agenda for a presentation on verification topics including basics, challenges, technologies, strategies, methodologies, and skills needed for corporate jobs. It also includes details about the presenter such as their name, role at Mentor Graphics, contact information, and background. The document dives into various aspects of verification like simulation, testbenches, formal verification, and limitations of simulation.
The document describes a SystemVerilog verification methodology that includes assertion-based verification, coverage-driven verification, constrained random verification, and use of scoreboards and checkers. It outlines the verification flow from design specifications through testbench development, integration and simulation, and discusses techniques like self-checking test cases, top-level and block-level environments, and maintaining bug reports.
This document discusses formal verification in VLSI systems. It begins by explaining that formal verification uses mathematical proofs to show a system works as intended, as an alternative to testing which is limited and costly for large VLSI designs. It then covers various techniques in formal verification including Kripke structures to model systems, temporal logic to specify properties, and model checking to automatically verify properties by exhaustive search. The document provides examples and discusses the challenges of state explosion in formal verification.
Formal verification involves proving the correctness of algorithms or systems with respect to a formal specification using mathematical techniques. It can be done by formally modeling a system and using theorem proving or model checking to verify that the model satisfies given properties. Theorem proving uses logical deduction to prove properties, while model checking automatically checks all possible states of a finite model against temporal logic properties. Both approaches have advantages and limitations, but formal verification can help find bugs and prove correctness of systems.
Formal verification is the process of proving or disproving properties of a system using precise mathematical methods. It provides guarantees that no simulations will violate specified properties. Formal verification can be applied at the block and system-on-chip levels to eliminate bugs early. However, current formal verification tools have limitations including capacity issues, generating coverage metrics from assertions, and handling large designs and multiple modes of operation. Improving formal verification requires efficient strategies and advancing tool capabilities.
This document provides an introduction to classic model checking. It discusses that classic model checking refers to set of non-execution based algorithmic approaches for checking properties expressed as linear temporal logic, computational tree logic, or finite state automata against a finite state model. It outlines some of the key concepts of classic model checking including modeling the system as a finite state machine or Kripke structure, specifying properties in temporal logic, and using algorithms to automatically verify the system exhaustively. The document also discusses some of the challenges of classic model checking including state explosion, difficulty in modeling complex systems, and interpreting error traces.
The document discusses formal verification academic research in the UK. It outlines several universities and research groups conducting work in formal methods and verification, including the Universities of Cambridge, Warwick, Oxford, Bristol, and Southampton. It also summarizes a verification methodology paper co-authored by researchers from the University of Oxford and Intel that addresses issues like realism, structure, and debugging in microprocessor design verification.
This presentation describes the history and background behind the introduction of model checking. Transition systems workflow is also illustrated in terms of model checking.
This document contains an agenda for a presentation on verification topics including basics, challenges, technologies, strategies, methodologies, and skills needed for corporate jobs. It also includes details about the presenter such as their name, role at Mentor Graphics, contact information, and background. The document dives into various aspects of verification like simulation, testbenches, formal verification, and limitations of simulation.
The document describes a SystemVerilog verification methodology that includes assertion-based verification, coverage-driven verification, constrained random verification, and use of scoreboards and checkers. It outlines the verification flow from design specifications through testbench development, integration and simulation, and discusses techniques like self-checking test cases, top-level and block-level environments, and maintaining bug reports.
Finding Bugs Faster with Assertion Based Verification (ABV)DVClub
1) Assertion-based verification introduces assertions into a design to improve observability and controllability during simulation and formal analysis.
2) Assertions define expected behavior and can detect errors by monitoring signals within a design.
3) An assertion-based verification methodology leverages assertions throughout the verification flow from module to system level using various tools like simulation, formal analysis, and acceleration for improved productivity, quality, and reduced verification time.
The document discusses assertion based verification and interfaces in SystemVerilog. It describes immediate assertions which execute in zero simulation time and can be placed within always blocks. Concurrent assertions check properties over time and are evaluated at clock edges. The document also introduces interfaces in SystemVerilog which allow defining communication ports between modules in a single place, reducing repetitive port definitions. Interfaces can include protocol checking and signals can be shared between interface instances.
Formal Method for Avionics Software VerificationAdaCore
This talk will give examples of Airbus use of Formal Methods to verify avionics software, and summarises the integration of Formal Methods in the upcoming ED-12/DO-178 issue C. Firstly, examples of verification based on theorem proving or abstract interpretation will show how Airbus has already taken advantage of the use of Formal Methods to verify avionics software. Secondly, we will show how Formal Method for verification has been introduced in the upcoming issue C of ED-12/DO-178.
The document provides an overview of the ASIC design and verification process. It discusses the key stages of ASIC design including specification, high-level design, micro design, RTL coding, simulation, synthesis, place and route, and post-silicon validation. It then describes the importance of verification, including why 70% of design time and costs are spent on verification. The verification process uses testbenches, directed and constrained-random testing, and functional coverage to verify the design matches specifications. Verification of more complex designs like FPGAs, SOCs is also discussed.
What are the different opportunities for a VLSI Front end Verification engineer? What career path exists and how to build a career path in Verification of VLSI chip designs?
Sharing my experiences and Career journey as Verification Engineer
Introduction to SOC Verification Fundamentals and System Verilog language coding. Explains concepts on Functional Verification methodologies used in industry like OVM, UVM
System Verilog is a hardware description and verification language that combines features of HDLs like Verilog and VHDL with features from specialized hardware verification languages and object-oriented languages like C++. It became an official IEEE standard in 2005. Verification is the process of ensuring a hardware design works as expected by catching defects early in the design process to save costs. System Verilog is well-suited for verification through features like assertion-based verification, functional coverage, object-oriented programming, and constrained randomization. Assertions allow verifying that expressions or properties hold true during simulation through immediate and concurrent assertions.
The document discusses the building blocks of a SystemVerilog testbench. It describes the program block, which encapsulates test code and allows reading/writing signals and calling module routines. Interface and clocking blocks are used to connect the testbench to the design under test. Assertions, randomization, and other features help create flexible testbenches to verify design correctness.
Upgrading to System Verilog for FPGA Designs, Srinivasan Venkataramanan, CVCFPGA Central
This document discusses upgrading FPGA designs to SystemVerilog. It presents an agenda that covers SystemVerilog constructs for RTL design, interfaces, assertions, and success stories. It then discusses the SystemVerilog-FPGA ecosystem. The presenter has over 13 years of experience in VLSI design and verification and has authored books on verification topics including SystemVerilog assertions. SystemVerilog is a superset of Verilog-2001 and offers enhanced constructs for modeling logic, interfaces, testbenches and connecting to C/C++.
The document discusses the design verification process in VLSI chip design. It explains that verification ensures the design meets specifications before silicon fabrication, while testing occurs after to also check specifications. Verification is critical and involves automated tools to test all possible input combinations as designs become too complex to manually verify. The design flow includes specification, RTL design, simulation, synthesis, floorplanning, placement and routing. Verification happens at various stages through simulation and timing analysis to check for errors before moving to the next stage of physical design.
Design for testability is important for software quality and the ability to write tests. Poor design can lead to rigidity, fragility, and opacity, making code difficult to test and maintain. Good design principles include loose coupling, high cohesion, and following SOLID principles. Design patterns like dependency injection improve testability by removing direct dependencies. The document also discusses principles for package design and test-friendly code.
This document discusses interface-implementation contract checking of NASA's OSAL software. It presents static equivalence analysis and static contract checking techniques to find inconsistencies between different OSAL implementations and between code and documentation. Static equivalence analysis identified differences in return codes and other behaviors between POSIX, RTEMS and vxWorks implementations. Static contract checking without formal contracts extracted return codes from code and comments to find mismatches, identifying issues now addressed. The techniques provided lightweight but effective methods to detect errors and inconsistencies in the critical NASA OSAL software.
Hands-on Experience Model based testing with spec explorer Rachid Kherrazi
This document discusses model based testing using Spec Explorer. It begins with an introduction to model based testing and its benefits over traditional testing. It then demonstrates modeling a simple "Say Hello" application in Spec Explorer, including generating test cases from the model and executing them. Key benefits of model based testing include avoiding integration issues and post-release defects by more thoroughly testing interactions between units.
This document discusses code coverage and functional coverage. It defines code coverage as measuring how much of the source code is tested by verification. It describes different types of code coverage like statement coverage, block coverage, conditional coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, toggle coverage and FSM coverage. It then discusses functional coverage, which measures how much of the specification is covered, rather than just the code. It notes some advantages of functional coverage over code coverage.
Control flow testing is a white box testing technique that uses the program's control flow graph to design test cases that execute different paths through the code. It involves creating a control flow graph from the source code, defining a coverage target like branches or paths, generating test cases to cover the target, and executing the test cases to analyze results. It is useful for finding bugs in program logic but does not test for missing or extra requirements.
If you had an opportunity to build an application from the ground up, with testability a key design goal, what would you do?
In this presentation, we will look at just such a situation - a major, two year rewrite of a suite of core business systems. We will discuss how a system looks when testability is as important as functionality - and what it looks like when quality concerns are part of the initial design. We will look at the role of test automation and manual test in a modern project, and look at the tools and processes. The session will conclude with a demo of the latest visual test automation tool from MIT and a Q&A.
Working in teams is more effective than individual work, But the main obstacle that any corporate faces is the synchronization between each team, One of the functions that is affected by this obstacle is 'Coding', Working on massive and multidisciplinary projects which need the contribution of several teams specially at the coding phase is opposed by the miss coordination when running the mother code.
So corporate developed some tools to overcome this situation using code version control and Tracker System.
Assessing Model-Based Testing: An Empirical Study Conducted in IndustryDharmalingam Ganesan
This document summarizes an empirical study comparing manual testing to model-based testing (MBT) conducted on a web-based commercial system used by FDA customers. MBT found more issues overall, especially business logic and corner case issues, but required more initial effort to set up models and test infrastructure. Manual testing was better at finding some types of issues like field discrepancies and detected usability issues, and required less initial effort than MBT. Both approaches have benefits and drawbacks, and combining them may be most effective for testing complex systems.
The document discusses formal verification methods like formal equivalence checking and how they can be used at different stages of the design process, including verifying that design representations are functionally equivalent from specification to layout for new designs and across derivative designs. It also explains the difference between boolean and sequential equivalence checking and provides an example comparing two implementations of a two cycle adder to illustrate the types of mismatches each approach can find.
Model Based Testing Tools discusses model-based testing where a model of the system is used to automatically generate test cases. It outlines how MBT works by deriving an abstract test suite from the model, then mapping those tests to concrete executable tests. The benefits of MBT include increased testing effectiveness and potential cost savings. Several MBT tools used in industry are also described, including Conformiq, Reactis Tester, and Spec Explorer.
Finding Bugs Faster with Assertion Based Verification (ABV)DVClub
1) Assertion-based verification introduces assertions into a design to improve observability and controllability during simulation and formal analysis.
2) Assertions define expected behavior and can detect errors by monitoring signals within a design.
3) An assertion-based verification methodology leverages assertions throughout the verification flow from module to system level using various tools like simulation, formal analysis, and acceleration for improved productivity, quality, and reduced verification time.
The document discusses assertion based verification and interfaces in SystemVerilog. It describes immediate assertions which execute in zero simulation time and can be placed within always blocks. Concurrent assertions check properties over time and are evaluated at clock edges. The document also introduces interfaces in SystemVerilog which allow defining communication ports between modules in a single place, reducing repetitive port definitions. Interfaces can include protocol checking and signals can be shared between interface instances.
Formal Method for Avionics Software VerificationAdaCore
This talk will give examples of Airbus use of Formal Methods to verify avionics software, and summarises the integration of Formal Methods in the upcoming ED-12/DO-178 issue C. Firstly, examples of verification based on theorem proving or abstract interpretation will show how Airbus has already taken advantage of the use of Formal Methods to verify avionics software. Secondly, we will show how Formal Method for verification has been introduced in the upcoming issue C of ED-12/DO-178.
The document provides an overview of the ASIC design and verification process. It discusses the key stages of ASIC design including specification, high-level design, micro design, RTL coding, simulation, synthesis, place and route, and post-silicon validation. It then describes the importance of verification, including why 70% of design time and costs are spent on verification. The verification process uses testbenches, directed and constrained-random testing, and functional coverage to verify the design matches specifications. Verification of more complex designs like FPGAs, SOCs is also discussed.
What are the different opportunities for a VLSI Front end Verification engineer? What career path exists and how to build a career path in Verification of VLSI chip designs?
Sharing my experiences and Career journey as Verification Engineer
Introduction to SOC Verification Fundamentals and System Verilog language coding. Explains concepts on Functional Verification methodologies used in industry like OVM, UVM
System Verilog is a hardware description and verification language that combines features of HDLs like Verilog and VHDL with features from specialized hardware verification languages and object-oriented languages like C++. It became an official IEEE standard in 2005. Verification is the process of ensuring a hardware design works as expected by catching defects early in the design process to save costs. System Verilog is well-suited for verification through features like assertion-based verification, functional coverage, object-oriented programming, and constrained randomization. Assertions allow verifying that expressions or properties hold true during simulation through immediate and concurrent assertions.
The document discusses the building blocks of a SystemVerilog testbench. It describes the program block, which encapsulates test code and allows reading/writing signals and calling module routines. Interface and clocking blocks are used to connect the testbench to the design under test. Assertions, randomization, and other features help create flexible testbenches to verify design correctness.
Upgrading to System Verilog for FPGA Designs, Srinivasan Venkataramanan, CVCFPGA Central
This document discusses upgrading FPGA designs to SystemVerilog. It presents an agenda that covers SystemVerilog constructs for RTL design, interfaces, assertions, and success stories. It then discusses the SystemVerilog-FPGA ecosystem. The presenter has over 13 years of experience in VLSI design and verification and has authored books on verification topics including SystemVerilog assertions. SystemVerilog is a superset of Verilog-2001 and offers enhanced constructs for modeling logic, interfaces, testbenches and connecting to C/C++.
The document discusses the design verification process in VLSI chip design. It explains that verification ensures the design meets specifications before silicon fabrication, while testing occurs after to also check specifications. Verification is critical and involves automated tools to test all possible input combinations as designs become too complex to manually verify. The design flow includes specification, RTL design, simulation, synthesis, floorplanning, placement and routing. Verification happens at various stages through simulation and timing analysis to check for errors before moving to the next stage of physical design.
Design for testability is important for software quality and the ability to write tests. Poor design can lead to rigidity, fragility, and opacity, making code difficult to test and maintain. Good design principles include loose coupling, high cohesion, and following SOLID principles. Design patterns like dependency injection improve testability by removing direct dependencies. The document also discusses principles for package design and test-friendly code.
This document discusses interface-implementation contract checking of NASA's OSAL software. It presents static equivalence analysis and static contract checking techniques to find inconsistencies between different OSAL implementations and between code and documentation. Static equivalence analysis identified differences in return codes and other behaviors between POSIX, RTEMS and vxWorks implementations. Static contract checking without formal contracts extracted return codes from code and comments to find mismatches, identifying issues now addressed. The techniques provided lightweight but effective methods to detect errors and inconsistencies in the critical NASA OSAL software.
Hands-on Experience Model based testing with spec explorer Rachid Kherrazi
This document discusses model based testing using Spec Explorer. It begins with an introduction to model based testing and its benefits over traditional testing. It then demonstrates modeling a simple "Say Hello" application in Spec Explorer, including generating test cases from the model and executing them. Key benefits of model based testing include avoiding integration issues and post-release defects by more thoroughly testing interactions between units.
This document discusses code coverage and functional coverage. It defines code coverage as measuring how much of the source code is tested by verification. It describes different types of code coverage like statement coverage, block coverage, conditional coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, toggle coverage and FSM coverage. It then discusses functional coverage, which measures how much of the specification is covered, rather than just the code. It notes some advantages of functional coverage over code coverage.
Control flow testing is a white box testing technique that uses the program's control flow graph to design test cases that execute different paths through the code. It involves creating a control flow graph from the source code, defining a coverage target like branches or paths, generating test cases to cover the target, and executing the test cases to analyze results. It is useful for finding bugs in program logic but does not test for missing or extra requirements.
If you had an opportunity to build an application from the ground up, with testability a key design goal, what would you do?
In this presentation, we will look at just such a situation - a major, two year rewrite of a suite of core business systems. We will discuss how a system looks when testability is as important as functionality - and what it looks like when quality concerns are part of the initial design. We will look at the role of test automation and manual test in a modern project, and look at the tools and processes. The session will conclude with a demo of the latest visual test automation tool from MIT and a Q&A.
Working in teams is more effective than individual work, But the main obstacle that any corporate faces is the synchronization between each team, One of the functions that is affected by this obstacle is 'Coding', Working on massive and multidisciplinary projects which need the contribution of several teams specially at the coding phase is opposed by the miss coordination when running the mother code.
So corporate developed some tools to overcome this situation using code version control and Tracker System.
Assessing Model-Based Testing: An Empirical Study Conducted in IndustryDharmalingam Ganesan
This document summarizes an empirical study comparing manual testing to model-based testing (MBT) conducted on a web-based commercial system used by FDA customers. MBT found more issues overall, especially business logic and corner case issues, but required more initial effort to set up models and test infrastructure. Manual testing was better at finding some types of issues like field discrepancies and detected usability issues, and required less initial effort than MBT. Both approaches have benefits and drawbacks, and combining them may be most effective for testing complex systems.
The document discusses formal verification methods like formal equivalence checking and how they can be used at different stages of the design process, including verifying that design representations are functionally equivalent from specification to layout for new designs and across derivative designs. It also explains the difference between boolean and sequential equivalence checking and provides an example comparing two implementations of a two cycle adder to illustrate the types of mismatches each approach can find.
Model Based Testing Tools discusses model-based testing where a model of the system is used to automatically generate test cases. It outlines how MBT works by deriving an abstract test suite from the model, then mapping those tests to concrete executable tests. The benefits of MBT include increased testing effectiveness and potential cost savings. Several MBT tools used in industry are also described, including Conformiq, Reactis Tester, and Spec Explorer.
The document discusses systems engineering challenges and opportunities, including:
1) Growing mission complexity is exceeding our ability to manage risk, and system designs emerge from pieces rather than sound architectures, resulting in brittle systems.
2) Technical and programmatic sides of projects are poorly coupled, hampering decision making and increasing risk.
3) Too much focus on process comes at the expense of design quality, driving up costs and risk.
The document proposes addressing these with model-based systems engineering, architecture frameworks, and integrating technical and programmatic considerations through architecture.
The document proposes a test automation hierarchy that allows for parallel testing during development. It recommends defining a hierarchy from subsystem to unit level, designing tests to cover all potential errors, and building a test harness to provide control and observation of the system under test. This approach aims to reuse tests across phases and support continuous integration.
DOTNET 2013 IEEE MOBILECOMPUTING PROJECT Model based analysis of wireless sys...IEEEGLOBALSOFTTECHNOLOGIES
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09849539085, 09966235788 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
This document discusses system-level verification issues for system-on-chip (SoC) designs. It emphasizes that verification must be an integral part of the design process from the start. It recommends a divide-and-conquer approach to verification, starting with block-level verification before integrating blocks and verifying interfaces. It describes various strategies for functional verification including increasing abstraction, specialized hardware, and application-based verification using prototypes. It also discusses gate-level verification including formal verification, simulation with unit delay, and full timing simulation.
Model driven testing (MDT) provides several advantages over traditional code-based testing approaches. MDT allows testing to be integrated into the design process, enabling frequent and early testing. Test architectures and test cases can be automatically generated from models, using techniques like animated sequence diagrams to simulate scenarios and effectively record test cases. This helps improve requirements and code coverage at lower cost and in less time compared to traditional testing approaches.
Enabling Automated Software Testing with Artificial IntelligenceLionel Briand
1. The document discusses using artificial intelligence techniques like machine learning and natural language processing to help automate software testing. It focuses on applying these techniques to testing advanced driver assistance systems.
2. A key challenge in software testing is scalability as the input spaces and code bases grow large and complex. Effective automation is needed to address this challenge. The document describes several industrial research projects applying AI to help automate testing of advanced driver assistance systems.
3. One project aims to develop an automated testing technique for emergency braking systems in cars using a physics-based simulation. The goal is to efficiently explore complex test scenarios and identify critical situations like failures to avoid collisions.
Verilog Ams Used In Top Down Methodology For Wireless Integrated CircuitsRégis SANTONJA
The document discusses using the VerilogAMS language and top-down methodology for wireless integrated circuit designs. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Using the top-down methodology to allow for general functionality verification early in the design process by analyzing the ASIC from top to bottom before individual block implementation.
2) Describing the steps of behavioral modeling of blocks using VerilogA, replacing blocks with transistor-level designs, and simulating the entire design with mixed behavioral and transistor-level blocks.
3) Noting that the top-down methodology can be applied whether the design has a large analog/small digital portion or large digital/small analog portion.
The document discusses various techniques for software testing including whitebox testing, blackbox testing, unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, and system testing. It provides details on techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, orthogonal array testing, and graph matrices. The objective of testing is to systematically uncover errors in a minimum amount of time and effort. Testing should begin with unit testing and progress towards integration and system-level testing.
Scalable Software Testing and Verification of Non-Functional Properties throu...Lionel Briand
This document discusses scalable software testing and verification of non-functional properties through heuristic search and optimization. It describes several projects with industry partners that use metaheuristic search techniques like hill climbing and genetic algorithms to generate test cases for non-functional properties of complex, configurable software systems. The techniques address issues of scalability and practicality for engineers by using dimensionality reduction, surrogate modeling, and dynamically adjusting the search strategy in different regions of the input space. The results provided worst-case scenarios more effectively than random testing alone.
The document discusses using Model Driven Architecture (MDA) to reengineer legacy software systems in a more automated way compared to traditional reengineering approaches. MDA provides platform independent and specific models that can be used to generate code for different platforms, formalizing the mapping of services between source and target platforms. Several papers are referenced that propose techniques for static and dynamic analysis of code to generate UML models as part of the reengineering process using MDA.
This document discusses search-based testing and its applications in software testing. It outlines some key strengths of search-based software testing (SBST) such as being scalable, parallelizable, versatile, and flexible. It also discusses some limitations of search-based approaches for problems that require formal verification to establish properties for all possible usages. The document compares classical optimization approaches, which build solutions incrementally, to stochastic optimization approaches used in SBST, which sample solutions in a randomized way. It notes that while testing can find bugs, it cannot prove their absence. Finally, it discusses how SBST can be combined with other techniques like constraint solving and machine learning.
The document discusses various software development life cycle models and testing methodologies. It introduces the waterfall model, prototyping model, rapid application development model, spiral model, and component assembly model. It then covers testing fundamentals, test case design, white box and black box testing techniques, and the relationships between quality assurance, quality control, verification and validation.
The document discusses various software development life cycle models and testing methodologies. It introduces the waterfall model, prototyping model, rapid application development model, spiral model, and component assembly model. It then covers testing fundamentals, objectives, design of test cases, white box and black box testing techniques, and the relationships between quality assurance, quality control, and validation/verification.
The document provides an overview of software testing techniques and strategies. It discusses unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, system testing, and debugging. The key points covered include:
- Unit testing involves testing individual software modules or components in isolation from the rest of the system. This includes testing module interfaces, data structures, boundary conditions, and error handling paths.
- Integration testing combines software components into clusters or builds to test their interactions before full system integration. Approaches include top-down and bottom-up integration.
- Validation testing verifies that the software meets the intended requirements and customer expectations defined in validation criteria.
- System testing evaluates the fully integrated software system, including recovery, security, stress,
Performance Evaluation using Blackboard Technique in Software ArchitectureEditor IJCATR
This document proposes an approach to evaluate software performance using the blackboard technique at the software architecture level. It begins by describing blackboard technique, performance modeling in UML, and timed colored Petri nets. It then outlines an algorithm to convert a UML model of a software architecture using blackboard technique into an executable timed colored Petri net model. This would allow evaluating non-functional requirements like response time at the architecture level before implementation. As a case study, it applies the method to a hotel reservation system modeled with UML diagrams and implemented using the blackboard technique. The performance is then evaluated by analyzing the resulting timed colored Petri net model.
Controller Software Verification Using AVM Meta and HybridSALJoseph Porter
The document discusses using the AVM Meta tool suite and HybridSAL to formally verify controller software for cyber-physical systems. It describes how controllers modeled in Simulink/Stateflow can be integrated with physical models in Modelica. Design space exploration is used to simulate different controller alternatives. Formal verification of properties specified in temporal logic is then used to detect errors in the candidate controller. The workflow involves translating controllers to a cyber language, generating simulation code, and visualizing verification results. Counterexamples can provide insight to refine the controller model or property specification.
Similar to Experience with Formal Methods, Especially Sequential Equivalence Checking (20)
IP Reuse Impact on Design Verification Management Across the EnterpriseDVClub
The document discusses challenges with IP reuse dependency management across hardware design projects. It notes that verification reuse is often neglected and that finding and fixing issues on complex projects can be difficult without proper dependency tracing of IP instances, designs, and versions. The presentation recommends establishing processes and checklists for IP verification and design history tracking to facilitate reuse. It also shares survey results about the organizational impacts of improved IP reuse dependency management, such as more efficient engineering resource usage and 30% faster time to market.
The document describes Cisco's Base Environment methodology for digital verification. It aims to standardize the verification process, promote reuse, and improve predictability. The methodology defines a common testbench topology and infrastructure that is vertically scalable from unit to system level and horizontally scalable across projects. It provides templates, scripts, verification IP and documentation to help teams set up verification environments quickly and leverage existing best practices. The standardized approach facilitates extensive code and test reuse and delivers benefits such as faster ramp-up times, improved planning, and higher return on verification IP development.
Intel Xeon Pre-Silicon Validation: Introduction and ChallengesDVClub
This document discusses the challenges of pre-silicon validation for Intel Xeon processors. Some key challenges include: reusing design components from previous projects which may have incomplete or poorly written code; managing cross-site validation teams; developing sufficient stimulus and checking while minimizing overhead; achieving high functional coverage within tight validation windows; and ensuring tests can be ported between pre-silicon and post-silicon environments. The validation process aims to quickly comprehend new features and design changes while validating the full chip design before tapeout.
The document discusses how shaders are created and validated for graphics processing units (GPUs). Shaders are created by applications and sent to the GPU through graphics APIs and drivers. They are then executed by the GPU's shader processors. The validation process uses layered testbenches at the sub-block, block, and system levels for maximum controllability and observability. It also employs a reference model methodology using C++ models and hardware emulation to debug designs faster than simulation alone. This methodology helps improve the graphics development schedule.
This document appears to be a presentation given by AMD on verification challenges for graphics ASICs. The presentation covers an overview of AMD, GPU systems, 3D graphics basics, and verification challenges. It discusses the size and complexity of GPUs, layered code and testbenches used for verification, and the use of hardware emulation and functional coverage.
1. The document discusses methodologies for hardware verification and developing an efficient verification flow.
2. It recommends defining a conceptual framework for the flow to standardize some aspects while allowing for diversity and innovation.
3. Using transaction level modeling and assertions in early stages like the specification model can help validation before the RTL design stage. Assertions can be written at different levels from the specification to the RTL and testbench.
Praveen Vishakantaiah, President of Intel India, discussed the challenges of validating next generation CPUs. Validation is increasingly complex due to factors like rising design complexity from multi-core processors and chipset integration, as well as shorter time to market windows. Validation efforts are also not scaling incrementally with post-silicon development. Addressing these challenges requires experienced architects and validators working closely together, instrumentation of design models to enable validation, reuse of validation tools, and scaling of emulation and formal verification techniques. Validation is critical to meeting customer satisfaction and business goals around schedule and costs.
This document discusses using the IP-XACT standard to address challenges in verification automation. IP-XACT allows generating verification platforms, register tests, and other elements from a single IP description. It standardizes IP information exchange and reduces duplication. Using IP-XACT, a verification flow is proposed where the testbench, models, and register tests are automatically generated from an IP-XACT file, improving consistency and reducing turnaround times. IP-XACT is now an IEEE standard developed by the SPIRIT consortium to describe IPs in a vendor-neutral way and enable maximum automation.
Validation and Design in a Small Team EnvironmentDVClub
The document discusses validation and design in small teams with limited resources. It proposes constraining designs to a single clock rate, standardized interfaces, and automated test cases to streamline verification. This reduces complexity and verification costs, allowing designs to be completed more quickly despite limited experience. Standardizing interfaces and separating algorithm from implementation verification improves efficiency enough to overcome typical verification to design ratios.
This document discusses trends in mixed signal validation. It begins with an overview of mixed signal systems that contain both analog and digital components. The evolution of mixed signal validation is then described, from early approaches that simulated analog and digital components separately to modern tools that can jointly simulate both domains using languages like Verilog-AMS. The key steps in mixed signal validation are outlined, including modeling components in Verilog-AMS, validating blocks, and performing system-level validation. Throughout, the importance of accurate models for verification is emphasized. Examples of mixed signal modeling and a charge pump PLL validation environment are also provided.
Verification teams at chip design companies now work globally, presenting communication challenges. Time zone differences make real-time collaboration difficult, and documentation through tools like TWiki can suffer if not well-organized. However, global teams also provide benefits by making more people and creative ideas available. Companies like AMD are addressing these issues through centers of expertise that standardize methodologies, tools, and components to facilitate collaboration across sites, while still allowing projects flexibility and innovation. Regular reviews help continuously improve processes as new techniques are adopted or abandoned.
Greg Tierney of Avid presented on their experiences using SystemC for design verification. Some key points:
1) Avid chose SystemC to enhance their existing C++ verification code and take advantage of its built-in verification capabilities like randomization and multi-threading.
2) SystemC helped Avid solve problems like connecting entire HDL modules to their testbench and monitoring foreign signals.
3) While SystemC provided benefits, Avid also encountered issues with its compile/link performance and large library size. Overall, Avid found SystemC reliable for design verification over three years of use.
This document provides an overview of the verification strategy for PCI-Express. It discusses the PCI-Express protocol, including the physical, data link, transaction, and software layers. It outlines the verification paradigm, including functional verification using constrained random testing, assertions, asynchronous/power domain simulations, and performance verification. It also discusses compliance verification through electrical, data link, transaction, and system architecture checklists. Finally, it discusses design for verification through a modular and scalable architecture to promote reusability and reduce verification effort and complexity.
SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) in the Design/Verification ProcessDVClub
1) Visual SVA tools like Zazz allow designers to create complex SystemVerilog assertions through a graphical interface, addressing issues with SVA syntax.
2) Zazz also enables debugging assertions as they are created by generating constrained random tests, improving assertion quality before use in verification.
3) Using assertions improved the author's verification and debugging process, identifying errors sooner and in corner cases, and provided additional value to IP customers through early fault detection.
The document discusses methodologies for improving efficiency in verification testing at Cisco, including using reusable components from other projects, avoiding duplicate specifications, providing flexible testbenches, and automating tasks. It provides examples used at Cisco such as separating testbench creation into three stages, using testflow to synchronize component behavior, reusing unit-level checkers, linking transactions between checkers, and generating common infrastructure from templates to reduce designer effort. The biggest efficiency gains come from methodologies that push shared behavior into reusable components and standardize common elements.
1) Pre-silicon verification is increasingly important for post-silicon validation as design complexity grows and schedules shrink. Bugs that escape pre-silicon verification can significantly impact post-silicon schedules and effort.
2) Mixed-signal effects, power-on/reset sequences, and design-for-testability features need to be verified pre-silicon to avoid difficult to reproduce bugs during post-silicon validation.
3) Case studies demonstrate how low investment in pre-silicon verification of areas like power-on/reset sequences and design-for-testability features can lead to longer post-silicon schedules due to unexpected bugs.
The document discusses Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T1 processor. It provides an overview of the processor's features, including its implementation of chip multi-threading with up to 8 cores and 32 threads. It describes the processor's design choices such as shared caches and memory controllers. It also discusses Sun's strategy for verifying the processor's architecture and microarchitecture through directed testing, coverage metrics, and other techniques. Finally, it notes some of the benefits of chip multi-threading for performance, cost, reliability, and power efficiency.
Intel Atom Processor Pre-Silicon Verification ExperienceDVClub
This document discusses the verification methodology and results for the Intel Atom processor. It describes the challenges of verifying a new microarchitecture with power management features on an aggressive schedule. The methodology involved cluster-level validation with functional coverage, architectural validation using an instruction set generator, and power management validation. Verification metrics like coverage and bug rates were tracked. The results included booting Windows and Linux 10 hours after receiving silicon, with few functional bugs found post-silicon that weren't corner cases. Debug and survivability features helped reduce escapes.
This document discusses using assertions in analog mixed-signal (AMS) verification. It describes how assertions can be used to check interface assumptions, power mode transitions, and timing relationships for AMS blocks. Assertions provide compact and precise checks that can be reused across different verification methodologies. The document also provides an example of using Verilog-AMS monitors to digitize continuous signals from an AMS model so they can be checked using SystemVerilog assertions.
This document discusses challenges and requirements for low-power design and verification. It begins with an overview of how leakage is significantly increasing due to process scaling and how active power is now a major portion of power budgets. New strategies are needed to address process variations and enhance scaling approaches. The verification flows must support multi-voltage domain analysis and rule-based checking across voltage states while capturing island ordering and microarchitecture sequence errors. Low-power implementation introduces challenges for design representation, implementation across tools, and verification. Methodologies and design flows must be adapted to account for power and ground nets becoming functional signals.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.