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Existential perspective
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- 2. Schools and Perspectivesin Psychology ⢠Structuralism ⢠Functionalism ⢠Behaviorism ⢠Gestaltism ⢠Psychodynamic ⢠Biological Perspective ⢠Cognitive Perspective ⢠Existential Perspective ⢠Humanistic Perspective ⢠Cultural Perspective ⢠Islamic Perspective
- 3. Existential Perspective ⢠Existentialismfocuses on man's search for meaning and purpose in life. ⢠Existentialism is a way of thinking that focuses on what it means for people to exist. It is a philosophical movement. ⢠The premise that people must make choices about their life while knowing they are mortal is what existentialism is all about. ⢠It was started by the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (1813â1855)
- 4. Existence ⢠The processof continual growth and change supersedes Essence, ⢠the state of merely being. ⢠Human are both objective and subjective, therefore they cannot merely be but must question their own existence. ⢠We ultimately are solely responsible for the state of our own existence. ⢠Phenomena can only be fully authentic through experience.
- 5. Main Key points â˘Aim Of Education- Education should help the individual to make him human, He can know himself Develope the ⢠Emotional development- Capacity of direction ⢠Curriculum-Knowledge should be free choice, Problem solving situationsNatural talent freedom ⢠Method of teaching- Should be freedom, One to one relation ⢠Teacher- Help to define their essence, They can ask questions,They express their thoughts,Sophistic environment, ⢠Discipline
- 6. Existential stages ⢠Innocenceâ our pre-ego (pre-self-conscious) infancy. We are pre- moral (neither bad nor good). Our only will is to fulfill our needs. ⢠Rebellion â adolescent development of ego by rebelling against authority. We want freedom (free will) but must learn responsibilities. ⢠Ordinary â normal adult ego. We know how to be responsible, but we still prefer conformity and traditional values. Creative â the authentic adult (existential stage). We face the anxieties of free will with courage.
- 7. Humanism and existentialism â˘Major difference between humanism and existentialism is that humanism assumes people are basically good, but existentialism assumes people have no inherent qualities. ⢠Existentialism is founded in the romantic-socialistic movements that explored free-will and self-governance as our basic human nature. ⢠Existential psychology has its roots in Martin Heidegger, who defined the existential quest.
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- 9. Thomas Szasz ⢠ThomasSzasz Born in hungry Spend most of his time in USA ⢠He started his career as a psychiatric ⢠Very quickly realize the psychiatric system is deeply faulty ⢠Wrote his first essay in 1960 which became famous ⢠Title is "The myth of mental illnessâSzasz Myth of Mental illness ⢠This is not a conventional research study ⢠This is not an empirical research paper ⢠This is an essay, Essay about mental illness ⢠Based on some conceptual, rational and moral arguments
- 10. Key points ofessay ⢠Most of psychiatric rely on diagnostic system called DSM ⢠DSM is a book of mental illness ⢠Which is consistent on various categories of mental illnesses and contain their symptoms and indicator ⢠But people don't know how the DSM was created ⢠Most of the disorders listed in DSM by the process of voting ⢠A group of psychiatric decide weather the selfie disorder should be added in DSM or not ⢠No body Need any explanation that voting is social or a political process and remotely scientific in nature
- 11. Key points ofessay ⢠Lots of mental illnesses Constantly come into the DSM and goes out of the DSM on the bases of more and less like ⢠Some of them are unscientific bias Mental illnesses are set of constructed categories agreed by the psychiatric ⢠Irony is the that million of people labeled with these disorders ⢠Using this categories they'll be hospitalized ⢠They can find themselves isolated ⢠Taking Highly psychiatric drugs Sometimes electric shock ⢠Mental illness are don't exist these are manufactured constructs by psychiatric ⢠This agenda is settled by stakeholders and pharmaceutical companies
- 12. Key points ofessay ⢠Sometimes a particular person behaviour might be different with others it's not an argument to call him mental ill ⢠1999 Us president Bill Clinton, Metal illnesses are accurately diagnosed and successfully treated just as physical illnesses ⢠Physical illnesses are that people have unfortunately mental illnesses are defined by something that people do ⢠It is true that a science can study the mental brain tumor because it's a physical disorder but who you're to claim that this person is abnormal ⢠Brutal society when people suffer they can't cope they can't be classified as mental ill ⢠Lack of scientific evidence
- 13. Individual Rights ⢠Physicalillnesses are discovered in laboratory under microscope or other scientific processes unfortunately mental illnesses are discovered in a voting room of psychiatric ⢠All researches are funded and pharmaceutical companies ⢠These medicines are not full proof ⢠psychiatric diagnosis is not about science its about power ⢠In early days this was power on religious practitioner ⢠In the recent psychiatric hold it ⢠Today stakeholders, politicians and many businesses man taking this kind authority ⢠This kind of mental diagnosis is Intellectual, moral and conceptual fraud and state is the part of it
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- 16. The Truth isthat as the struggle for survival has subsided the question has emerged survival for what Even more people today have the means to live but no meaning to live for, Viktor Frankl
- 17. Viktor Emil Frankl â˘Viktor Emil Frankl was an Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist, philosopher, author, and Holocaust survivor. ⢠He was the founder of logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy which describes a search for a life meaning as the central human motivational force.
- 18. Freedom free will â˘According to LTEA humans are not fully subject to conditions but are basically free to decide and capable of taking their stance towards internal (psychological) and external (biological and social) conditions. ⢠Freedom is here defined as the space of shaping ones own life within the limits of the given possibilities. ⢠This freedom derives from the spiritual dimension of the person, which is understood as the essentially human realm, over and above the dimensions of body and of psyche. ⢠As spiritual persons, humans are not just reacting organisms but autonomous beings capable of actively shaping their lives
- 19. Logotherapy ⢠At thecore of this theory is the belief that manâs primary motivational force is search for meaning "Other things being equal, those apt to survive the camps were those oriented toward the future - toward a task, or a person, waiting for them in the future, toward a meaning to be fulfilled by them in the future" (Viktor, 2003)
- 20. Will to meaning â˘Human beings are not only free, but most importantly they are free to something - namely, to achieve goals and purposes. ⢠The search for meaning is seen as the primary motivation of humans. ⢠When a person cannot realize his or her "Will to Meaning" in their lives they will experience an abysmal sensation of meaninglessness and emptiness. ⢠The frustration of the existential need for meaningful goals will give rise to aggression, addiction, depression and suicidality, and it may engender or increase psychosomatic maladies and neurotic disorders.
- 21. MEANING IN LIFE â˘LTEA is based on the idea that meaning is an objective reality, as opposed to a mere illusion arising within the perceptionalth in the perceptional ⢠Sources of meaning ⢠Love ⢠Hope ⢠Responsibility ⢠Inner freedom ⢠Beauty
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