Viktor Frankl was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded logotherapy. Some key points about him: - He survived Nazi concentration camps and drew upon his experiences to develop logotherapy, which focuses on a person's will to find meaning. - His most influential work, Man's Search for Meaning, analyzed how even in terrible circumstances like concentration camps, finding meaning in life allows one to endure suffering. - Logotherapy contends that the primary human motivation is to search for meaning rather than pleasure or power. The therapist helps clients discover meaning rather than prescribe it. - Frankl made major contributions to existential philosophy and psychotherapy through his emphasis on meaning and fulfillment as central to

2. (The Existentialist)
Viktor Frankl

3. Aisha Naeem, Maira Saman,
Yusra Sarwat, Namood e Sahar,
Hina Bibi, Kiran Zaman, Marium Jabeen, Javeria Khalid,
Samina Jamil
* Submitted By
*Submitted To
Ma’am Nazia

7. *What is existentialism
Existentialism is a philosophy that is
centered upon the analysis of the existence
and of the way human beings find
themselves existing in the world.

8. *Origin of Existentialism
*It was during the Second World War, when
Europe found itself in a crisis faced with
death and destruction, that the existential
movement began to flourish, popularized
in France in the 1940s

9. *Background
 Before the existentialism school of thought
there is a wide range of many school of
thoughts including:
• Psychodynamic School
• Behaviorist School
• Cognitive School
• Humanistic School

10. *
*Psychodynamic School:
It mainly focuses on the internal conflicts
childhood experiences and unconscious desires
of sex and aggression which leads to an
abnormal personality.
* Behaviorist School:
It main interest is to study behavior of
the beings with the environment as a major
contributing and controlling factor.

11. *
*Cognitive School:
Its main area of interest is how our
cognitions play the role in our behavior
controlling.
*Humanistic School:
It focuses on the human and emphasizes
on individuals inherent drive towards self-
actualization and creativity.

12. *
* Existentialist School:
According to existentialist the human is
neither the slave of any unconscious desires nor
the puppet of environment or the cognitive
schemas but we as an individual being exist
freely can give any meaning to our existence and
is responsible for that meaning.

13. *Main Idea
*Search for meaning, purpose, values and goals
*Human free will.
*The capacity of self-awareness.
*Freedom and responsibility.
*Human nature is chosen through life choices
*A person is best when struggling against their individual
nature, fighting and struggling for life.

14. *
*Society is unnatural and its traditional religious and
secular rules are arbitrary.
*Worldly desire is futile as the world is illusion and
progress is delusion.

16. *Major Contributors
*Soren Kierkegaard
*Jean Paul Sartre
*Albert Camus
*Rollo May
*Franz Kafka
*Victor Frankl
*Milton
*Samuel Backett

21. By:
Yusra Sarwat
*Biography

22. *Biography
*Born : March 26, 1905, Vienna
*Religion : Judaism
*Nationality : Austrian
*ACADEMIC TITLES
M.D. (1930), Ph.D. (1949)

23. *
*He had a brother and a sister
*He is the second among his siblings.
*Good relationship with parents and siblings

24. *
*First marriage (1941) with Tilly, b. Grosser
(died in Bergen-Belsen 1945 in
concentration camps)
*Second marriage (1947) with Eleonore
*His daughter Gabriele

25. *
Life before 1945
*Physician therapist
*Prisoner therapist
Life after 1945
*Polyclinic of Neurology
*Visiting professor, at Harvard University

26. *
Life before 1945
*Physician, therapist
 Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at University of
Vienna Medical School
1925: Published article ‘Psychotherapy and
Weltanschauung’
1926: Introduced term logotherapy
1928-1930: Counsel high school students charge free
1930: Earned his doctorate in medicine
1933: In charge of suicidal women ward
1937 : Opened own clinic in neurology and psychology

27. *
1937: Established an independent private practice
in neurology and psychiatry at Alser Strasse in Vienna.
1938: Nazi take over in Austria
1939: Hitler troops invade Austria
1940-42: Head of the Neurological Department of
the Rothschild Hospital. Began manuscript ‘The
doctor and the soul’
*In December 1941 married Tilly Grosser.

28. *
*Prisoner, therapist
25 September 1942: Frankl, his wife, and his
parents were deported to the
Nazi Theresienstadt (concentration camp) in Bohrmia.
Worked as General Practitioner there.
July 1943:offered a series of open lecture
1944:Frankl and his wife Tilly were transported to
the Auschwitz concentration camp

29. "Underthe
influenceofa
worldwhichno
longerrecognized
thevalueof
humanlifeand
humandignity,
whichhad
robbedmanof
hiswillandhad
madehiman
objecttobe
exterminated..."

30. "The angels are lost in perpetual
contemplation of an infinite glory."

31. *
*Life after 1945
He was among the survivors of concentration camps
Other members of his family were not so fortunate.
Frankl’s wife, his parents, and other members of his
family died in the concentration camps.
In 1946, he was appointed to run the Vienna
Polyclinic of Neurology.

32. *
In 1947 he married his second wife Eleonore
Katharina Schwindt
In 1948, Frankl earned a Ph.D. in philosophy. His
dissertation – the unconscious God is an examination
of the relation of psychology and religion.

33. *
1950: President of Austrian Medical society
1955:professorship of neurology and psychiatry at
the University of Vienna
1961:visiting professor, at Harvard University 1966: Southern
Methodist University, Dallas

34. *
1972 :Duquesne University, Pittsburgh
 seminars all over the world
 29 honorary doctoral degrees
published 39 books
1985: Oskar Pfister Award
Logotherapy

35. *
Viktor Frankl died of heart failure on 2
September 1997

36. By:
Aisha Naeem
*Main Contributions

37. *Main Contributions
*Books
Man’s Search for Meaning
The Will to Meaning
Recollections (Autobiography)
Unheard Cry of Meaning
*Logotherapy

38. *

39. *
* Logotherapy is referred to as the Third Viennese School
of Psychotherapy (Hatt, 1965). Adler promoted the will
to power, Freud stressed the pleasure principle and
Frankl the will to meaning.
* Logotherapy focuses on the future aspects of a
patient’s life, more specifically the meaning that one
intends to fulfill (Boeree, 2006). Logos is the Greek
word, which denotes meaning. Hence, logotherapy
focuses on a person’s search for meaning.

40. *
*Logotherapists do not prescribe meaning to a patient
but rather describe the process of how meaning is
obtained in hopes of providing the patient with a
sense of fulfillment (Thorne & Henley 2005). Thus,
logotherapy regards its assignment as that of assisting
a patient to find meaning in life (Frankl, 1959).
* Increased awareness is the central goal of
Existentialism.
*Therapy is the process of bringing out the latent
“aliveness” in a client

42. *
*Therapeutic goals
•To recognize factors that block freedom.
•To challenge clients to recognize that they are doing
something that they formerly thought was happening to
them.
•To accept the freedom and responsibility that go along
with action.
•To expand self-awareness.
•To help the client experience authentic existence.

44. *
*Therapist’s Function & Role
•Most crucial quality of therapist in building an
effective therapeutic relationship with a client
i.e., therapist’s authenticity.
•Understanding the subjective world of client
•Focus on client’s current life situation

45. *
•Deals with clients who have a “restricted existence.”
i.e., clients have limited awareness of self.
•Therapist holds a mirror for client to examine self.
•Therapists use a wide range of methods depending on
client.

46. *
*Client’s Role in Therapy
*Client expected to be active in their therapy
*Client confronts “ultimate concerns” rather than
“immediate problems”
*Both client & therapist are involved in a journey of
self-discovery to help client transfer what is learned
outside therapy.

47. *
*Relationship Between
Therapist & Client
Person-to-person relationship/encounter is a stimulus to
positive change in client
Therapist should respect & have faith in the clients’
potential to cope.
Sharing reactions with genuine concern & empathy.
Paramount importance because quality of the I/U encounter
offers a context for change.

48. By:
Hina Bibi
*Critical Review

49. *Critical Review
*Critical reaction to Frankl's works has been very
favorable among American psychologists, existential
philosophers, and Christian theologians. Although most
critics praise the existential characteristics and
spiritual aspects of Frankl's logotherapeutic theory,
others criticize as essentialist and reductive his
insistence on the "will to meaning"—like Freud's "will to
pleasure" and Adler's "will to power"—as the underlying
motivational force governing all human behavior.

50. *
*Some critics reject logotherapy as inadequate and
charge that Frankl is unable to deal with people who
have found life to be meaningless. Nevertheless, as
Dan P. McAdams observed upon the 1992 reprinting
of Man's Search for Meaning, Frankl's writings
continue to underscore the idea that "'man's search
for meaning' can sustain human life even under the
most harrowing and depraved conditions."

51. *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psyc
hology
*http://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-
psychologists/viktor-frankl.html#
*http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/660/2/
viktor-frankls-logotherapy-the-search-for-
purpose-and-meaning
*http://www.enotes.com/topics/viktor-frankl