The document discusses sensation and perception. Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through the senses, while perception is how we interpret sensory information to make sense of our surroundings. It describes the perceptual process as a sequence of steps from environmental stimulus to perception and action. Key concepts covered include the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization, such as proximity, similarity, closure and figure-ground relationship, and various perceptual errors like selective perception and stereotyping.

1. INTELLECTUAL YOUTH WING
TOPIC; SENSATION & PERCEPION
PRESENTED BY RUSTAM

2. is the stimulation of
sense organs, Or activation of
receptors of various organs
Perception is the process by which
sensory information is actively
organized and interpreted by the
brain.
Sensation and perception are two separate processes that are
very closely related.

3. Perceptual Process
 It is a sequence of steps that begins with the environment and leads to
our perception of a stimulus and an action in response to the stimulus.
 The process is continual, but you do not spend a great deal of time
thinking about the actual process.
 Sensation is input about the physical world obtained by our sensory
receptors, and perception is the process by which the brain selects,
organizes, and interprets these sensations.

4. Steps In Perceptual Process
 The Environmental Stimulus
 The Attended Stimulus
 The Image on the Retina
 Transduction
 Neural Processing
 Perception
 Recognition
 Action

5. SENSATION & PERCEPION
Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through
touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.
This information is sent to our brains in raw form
where perception comes into play.
Perception is the way we interpret these sensations and therefore
make sense of everything around us.

7. Gestalt Laws Of Perceptual Organization
 “The Whole Is Greater From The Sum Of Its Parts’’
 Gestalt psychologists developed a set of principles to explain perceptual
organization, or how smaller objects are grouped to form larger ones.
 These principles are referred to as the "gestalt laws of perceptual
organization."

8. Continued
 Figure-ground Relationship
 Law of Simplicity
 Law of Proximity
 Law of Similarity
 Law of Continuity
 Law of Closure
 Law of Common Fate

9. Figure-Ground Relationship
 According to this principle, we tend to segment our visual world into
figure and ground.
 Figure is the object or person that is the focus of the visual field, while
the ground is the background.

10. Law of Pragnanz (Law of Simplicity)
 “People will perceive and interpret ambiguous or complex images as the
simplest form(s) possible.”

11. Law of Proximity
 According to the law of proximity, things that are near each other seem
to be grouped together.

12. Law of Similarity
 Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another. People often
perceive them as a group or pattern.

13. Law Of Continuity
 The law of continuity suggests that we are more likely to perceive
continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken line.

14. Law of Closure
 According to the law of closure, “things are grouped together if they
seem to complete some entity”

15. Law of Common Fate
 “Elements that move in the same direction are perceived as more related
than elements that are stationary or that move in different directions.”

16. ACTIVITY

17. Perceptual Errors
 Selective Perception
 Projection
 Stereotyping
 Halo effect
 Contrast Effect

18. Thanks