Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Presentation on Child and Adult Attachment Theory. Also includes result of a small survey done with my friends. Part of the 'Personality and Development' course at IIT Delhi
Anger is a normal human emotion that is crucial for individual’s growth. When handled appropriately and expressed assertively, anger is a positive creative force that leads to problem solving and productive change.
When channeled inappropriately and expressed as verbal aggression or physical aggression, anger is destructive and potentially life threatening force.
it is critical that psychiatric nurses be able to assess patients at risk for violence and intervene effectively with patients before, during and after an aggressive episode.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties, and so change the way they feel.
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Presentation on Child and Adult Attachment Theory. Also includes result of a small survey done with my friends. Part of the 'Personality and Development' course at IIT Delhi
Anger is a normal human emotion that is crucial for individual’s growth. When handled appropriately and expressed assertively, anger is a positive creative force that leads to problem solving and productive change.
When channeled inappropriately and expressed as verbal aggression or physical aggression, anger is destructive and potentially life threatening force.
it is critical that psychiatric nurses be able to assess patients at risk for violence and intervene effectively with patients before, during and after an aggressive episode.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties, and so change the way they feel.
MENTAL HEALTH MUST BE BROADLY DEFINED IN TERMS THAT ARE CULTURALLY SENSITIVE AND INCLUSIVE.
THE CRITERIA FOR MENTAL HEALTH MUST BE EMPIRICALLY AND LONGITUDINALLY VALIDATED.
VALIDATION MEANS PAYING SPECIAL ATTENTION TO CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES.
This is my first shared presentation ever! It is my way of showing gratitude to the "slideshare community" for all the help they have given me. So, Thanks everybody! Hope you like it! :) ;)
If you find this useful, don't forget to hit 'love.'
• Feist, J. & Feist, G. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). USA: McGraw−Hill Companies
• Tria, D. & Limpingco. (2007). Personality (3rd ed.). Quezon City, Philippines: Ken Inc.
• Daniel, V. Object relations theory. Retrieved as of 2016 from https://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/objectrelations.html
Other references:
• Cervone, D. & Pervine, L. (2013). Personality: Theory and research (12th ed.). USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Cloninger, S. (2004). Theories of personality: Understanding persons (4th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Ryckman, R. (2008).Theories of personality (9th ed.). USA: Thomson Wadsworth
The spiritual regeneration process is set into motion by the divine call. A specific life event induces the awakening to higher spiritual dimensions, the lifting of the veil of existence and the setting off on a mystic journey of personal transformation, healing and complete regeneration of body and soul. This journey is referred to as "The Hero's Journey" in comparative mythology and "The Way of the Cross" in mystical theology.
This course features the various states encountered on the way to divine union. It starts with the call to adventure and the entering of the unknown, leading through tests and the supreme ordeal, to end in the mastery of the two worlds and the restoration of divine order.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/mystic-journey-spiritual-rebirth-dr-christiane-kirsch/
Theoretical approaches to psychiatric nursing carepiyushparashar13
nursing practice is based on theoretical concepts. theory guides the nurse to understand human behavior and implement the nursing care plan effectively on patients with maladaptive behavior. theory is a belief, policy or procedure followed as the basis of action.
PERPETUAL SELF CONFLICT: SELF AWARENESS AS A KEYMurray Hunter
PERPETUAL SELF CONFLICT: SELF AWARENESS AS A KEY
TO OUR ETHICAL DRIVE, PERSONAL MASTERY, AND
PERCEPTION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES
Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2011, pp. 96-137
Forgiveness means different things to different people. But in general, it involves an intentional decision to let go of resentment and anger. The act that hurt or offended you might always be with you.The three types of forgiveness are: exoneration, forbearance and release. Let's take each in turn. Exoneration is the closest to what we usually think of when we say “forgiveness”.
"I am a licensed clinical psychologist with 25 years of experience helping people to work through painful life events such loss or trauma, conflicts in relationships, or trouble with addiction. In addition to working closely with clients to help them manage the distress they may be experiencing in their lives in a healthy and adaptive manner, I also encourage self-reflection so that problems are less like to recur in the future.
"
In case you missed the conference, this Handout is an excerpt from my book, "Body, Mind & Psyche" and explains the concept of personal mythologies and the steps to institute change in the myths that one lives by.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. INTRODUCTION :
OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY IS A PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY.
RONALD FAIRBAIRN COINED THE TERM "OBJECT RELATIONS
AND MELANIE KLEIN IS MOST COMMONLY IDENTIFIED WITH
THE TERM "OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY"
IT DESCRIBES THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING A MIND AS ONE
GROWS IN RELATION TO OTHERS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
THE THEORY MAY BE DEFINED AS “A SYSTEM OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION BASED ON THE PREMISE
THAT THE MIND COMPRISES ELEMENTS TAKEN IN FROM
OUTSIDE, PRIMARILY ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF
OTHER PERSONS."
THE THEORY EMPHASIZES INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS,
3. MAJOR CONCEPTS:
• THEORY GUIDES INNER WORLD EXPLORATION AND
RECOGNIZES THE INTROJECTED PERSONS OF THE PAST
LIVING WITHIN THE PATIENT’S MIND, COMPRISING THE
PERSON’S PSYCHIC STRUCTURE (MOHL PC, 2008)
INTROJECTS :
INTROJECTS REFERS TO THE INTERNALIZED IMAGES OF
OTHERS WITHIN THE PATIENT.
FOCUS OF ATTENTION OF THE THEORY
4. CONT...
OBJECTS : PEOPLE IN THE EXTERNAL WORLD WITH
WHOM AN INFANT ,CHILD AND ADULT INTERACT, OR
PORTIONS OF THEIR PERSONALITIES
INTERNAL OBJECTS : REPRESENTATION OR MENTAL IMAGE
OF SOME ONE IN THE EXTERNAL WORLD
EXTERNAL OBJECTS : AN EXISTING PERSON
OBJECT RELATION:“OBJECT RELATIONS” REFERS
TO INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS OR SPECIFIC INTRAPSYCHIC
STRUCTURES.
5. CONT....
REPRESENTATION: REFERS TO THE WAY THE PERSON HAS OR
POSSESSES AN OBJECT.
PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITIONS: KLEIN EXPLAINS TWO
TWO PSYCHOLOGICAL “POSITIONS” DURING THE FIRST
YEAR OF LIFE.
• PARANOID–SCHIZOID POSITION - DURING THE FIRST 6
MONTHS OF LIFE
• DEPRESSIVE POSITION - DURING THE SECOND 6 MONTHS.
6. PARANOID–SCHIZOID
POSITION:
IN HER/HIS VERY EARLY MONTHS ,THE INFANT
EXPERIENCES AND EXPRESSES OVERWHELMING AND
CONTRADICTORY FEELINGS OF LOVE AND HATE
,PLEASURE AND DESTRUCTION ,THROUGH THE
ACTIONS OF FEEDING AND EVACUATING , “GOOD”
EXPERIENCES ARE INTERNALIZED THROUGH
RECEIVING LOVE AND NOURISHMENT FROM THE
BREAST , “BAD” FEELINGS ARE EVACUATED THROUGH
URINE ,FAECES ,WIND, VOMIT . THE INFANT IS
ENGAGED IN A CONSTANT STRUGGLE TO MANAGE
HIS/HER FEELINGS .S/HE FEARS THAT THE BAD
FEELINGS
7. PARANOID–SCHIZOID POSITION:
CONT...
S/HE FEARS THAT THE BAD FEELINGS WILL TAKE OVER AND
DESTROY GOOD INNER OBJECTS . THEREFORE , BAD FEELINGS
HAVE TO SEPARATE FROM GOOD FEELINGS (SPLITTING), THIS IS
OFTEN ACCOMPLISHED BY THE PHANTASY OF EVACUATING THE BAD
FEELINGS INTO MOTHER (PROJECTION).HOWEVER THIS CARRIES
WITH IT THE DANGER THAT THE MOTHER WILL BECOME BAD ,AND
THE BAD FEELINGS ARE THEN EXPERIENCED AS COMING FROM
HER (PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION).
AN EXPERIENCE OF HUNGER ,LONGING AND LOVE FOR THE BREAST
AS A SOURCE OF NOURISHMENT MAY BE FOLLOWED BY FEELING OF
SATISFACTION , PLEASURE AND LOVE AFTER A LONG FEED .THEN
THE INFANT FEELS HER/HIMSELF TO BE GOOD AFTER RECEIVING
SOMETHING GOOD (INTROJECTION).
8. PARANOID–SCHIZOID POSITION:
CONT...
BUT THE INFANTS HUNGER MAY ALSO GIVE RISE AFTER TO
AN AGGRESSIVE PHANTASY OF SWALLOWING EVERYTHING
FROM THE BREAST, DRAINING IT DRY THROUGH GREED AND
AGGRESSION . THE INFANT THEN FEELS GUILTY AND FEARS
BEING PUNISHED FOR HER/HIS GREED . S/HE MAY THEN
PHANTASISE THAT THE BREAST WITHHOLDING FOOD TO
PUNISH INFANT ,LEADING TO MORE RAGE, AGGRESSION AND
GUILT .OR THE INFANT MAY PROJECT HIS/HER RAGE AND
AGGRESSION ONTO BREAST/MOTHER AND FEAR THAT
BREAST WILL ATTACK THE INFANT , SPOIL INSIDE OF
INFANT’S BODY –KLEIN TERMS THIS PRESECUTORY ANXIETY .
9. DEPRESSIVE POSITION:
THIS IS BEGINNING OF SYMBOL FORMATION , SO
THAT THE INFANT CAN TOLERATE PERIODS OF
SEPARATION AND DELAYED GRATIFICATION IF S/HE
HAS BEEN ABLE TO INTERNALISE ENOUGH
EXPERIENCE OF GOOD MOTHER/BREAST, I.E IF THE
GOOD INNER OBJECT IS SUFFICIENTLY SECURE
THE INFANT CAN TOLERATE ABSENCES OF THE
EXTERNAL OBJECTS .
THESE STEPS TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED SELF
AND OTHERS RELATIONSHIP EVOKE IMMENSE
GUILT IN THE INFANT AS S/HE REALISES THAT THE
MOTHER S/HE ATTTACKS AND HATES IS THE SAME
MOTHER S/HE LOVES AND NEEDS . KLEIN TERMS
THIS THE MOVEMENT FROM RELATING TO PART
10. EVOLUTION OF OBJECT
RELATIONS THEORY:
• PSYCHOANALYSIS FOCUSED ON DRIVES. VIEW OF HUMAN
NATURE PESSIMISTIC, AN ONGOING CONFLICT TO RESOLVE
DRIVES: PLEASURE(SEXUAL) AND AGGRESSION; MASTERY
AND COMPETENCE
• EGO PSYCHOLOGY VIEWS HUMANS AS LESS DRIVE RIDDEN
AND CAPABLE OF ADAPTING TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT TO
MEET NEEDS
• OBJECT RELATIONS’ THEORISTS LOOKS AT HUMAN
RELATIONSHIPS AS KEY IN FORMING PERSONALITY AND
FACILITATING ADAPTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
11. EFFECTS OF EARLY NURTURING:
• CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES WITH ABUSE, POVERTY,
NEGLECT, AND FAMILY STRUGGLES CORRELATE WITH
LATER HEALTH PROBLEMS (PHYSICAL AND MENTAL
HEALTH)
• RELATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN
AFFECT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MECHANISMS THAT
GOVERN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
RESPONSES TO STRESS
• ATTACHMENT DIFFICULTIES DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS
OF LIFE IMPACT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND CAN
CONTINUE TO DO SO THROUGH AGE 20
12. EFFECTS OF EARLY NURTURING
(CONT.)
• ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT RECEIVING WARM
AND RESPONSIVE ATTENTION FROM A CARE PROVIDER
PREVENTS ELEVATIONS IN STRESS HORMONES
–MORE RECEPTOR SITES FOR STRESS-MEDIATING
NEUROCHEMICALS ARE PRODUCED
• INSECURE RELATIONSHIPS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH
HIGHER STRESS HORMONE PRODUCTION (CORTISOL)
13. IMPLICATIONS TO NURSING:
• THE OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY HELPS
UNDERSTANDING OF CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOUR AND
GUIDES NURSING PRACTICE.
• THE THEORY PROVIDES CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR
PRACTICING PSYCHODYNAMIC FAMILY.
14. REFERENCES
• PSYCHIATRY, THIRD EDITION. EDRS. ALLAN TASMAN, JERALD KAY,
JEFFREY A. LIEBERMAN, MICHAEL B. FIRST AND MARIO MAJ.JOHN
WILEY & SONS, LTD, 2008.
• HTTP://WWW.CURRENTNURSING.COM/NURSING_THEORY/OBJECT_R
ELATIONS_THEORY.HTML
• HTTP://SLIDEPLAYER.COM/SLIDE/8404259/
• HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/OBJECT_RELATIONS_THEORY
• WWW.LIFEFORCE-
CENTRE.CO.UK/.../AN_INTRODUCTION_TO_MELANIE_KLEIN_AND_OB
JECT_RELATIO...