The humanistic perspective in psychology focuses on the uniqueness of each individual and their potential for growth. It emphasizes empathy, creativity, and free will. Key ideas include self-actualization as an innate drive towards achieving one's full potential. Major contributors were Abraham Maslow who developed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers who created client-centered therapy based on genuineness, positive regard, and empathy to facilitate self-actualization. The humanistic perspective emerged in the 1950s as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
When psychology first emerged as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began.
The different schools of psychology represent the major theories within psychology.
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem SolvingBlixs Phire
Thinking
-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events.-the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
Thinking Process Involves:
Problem Solving
Problem Solving*whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation*It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
Clinical Psychology helps to analyze the human behaviours like mental, emotional and behavioural disorders and diagnose, treat and prevent mental disorders.
Read more: http://www.tauedu.org/school-of-behavioral-science.html
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
When psychology first emerged as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began.
The different schools of psychology represent the major theories within psychology.
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem SolvingBlixs Phire
Thinking
-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events.-the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
Thinking Process Involves:
Problem Solving
Problem Solving*whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation*It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
Clinical Psychology helps to analyze the human behaviours like mental, emotional and behavioural disorders and diagnose, treat and prevent mental disorders.
Read more: http://www.tauedu.org/school-of-behavioral-science.html
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
Unit 04 personality in educational psychologyDARSGHAH
Unit 04 personality in educational psychology Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. Humanistic Perspective
• Humanistic perspective focus on the uniqueness of each individual.
• A humanistic perspective is an approach to psychology that emphasizes
empathy and stresses the good in human behavior.
• Focus on human potential and achievement
• Emphasizes that people are inherently good and pays special attention to
personal experiences and creativity.
• Attributes human characteristics and actions to free will and an innate drive
for the self actualization.
4. Main Key points
• Humanistic psychologists believe that an individual's behavior is connected
to his inner feelings and self-image.
• The humanistic perspective centers on the view that each person is unique
and individual, and has the free will to change at any time in his or her life.
• The humanistic perspective suggests that we are each responsible for our
own happiness and well-being as humans.
• We have the innate (inborn) capacity for self-actualization, which is our
unique desire to achieve our highest potential as people.
• Major thinkers of humanistic perspective are Abraham Maslow & Carl
Roger.
5. History of Humanistic Perspective
• Humanistic perspective emerged during the 1950's as a reaction to the
psychoanalysis and behaviourism that dominated psychology at the time.
• Psychoanalysis was focused on understanding the unconscious
motivations that drive behavior while behaviorism studied the
conditioning process that produce behaviour.
• Influence came from early Greek philosophers who believed human
beings were unique.
• Humanistic psychology was popularized After world war 2 and the cold
war.
6. Major Contributors
• 1943_Abraham Maslow described his hierarchy of needs in "Theory
of Human Motivation"published in "Psychological Review".
• 1951_Carl Rogers published "Client Centred Therapy" which
described his huministic, client_centred approach to therapy.
• 1961_ The "Journal of Huministic Psychology" was established.
• 1962 _American Association for Huministic Psychology was formed.
• 1971_Huministic Psychology becomes an APA division.
7. Abraham Maslow ( 1908-1970 )
Spiritual father of humanistic psychology
8. Abraham Maslow ( 1908-1970 )
• Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist
• Best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
• A theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human
needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.
11. Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987)
• Carl Ransom Rogers was an
American psychologist and
among the founders of the
humanistic approach in
psychology
Self Actualization
"The organism has one basic
tendency and striving - to
actualize, maintain, and enhance
the experiencing organism”
(Rogers, 1951, p. 487).
12. Self-concept
• Self-concept is how you perceive your
behavior, abilities, and unique
characteristics.
• For example, beliefs such as "I am a good
friend" or "I am a kind person" are part of an
overall self-concept
13. Self concepts
• Personality of a person revolve around the self concepts which we
made
• Childhood experiences
• Evaluation by others
• For a healthy growth of the personality of an individual he needs an
environment which gives him
• Genuineness
• Positive Regards
• Empathy
• These 3 factors lead to Self Actualization
14.
15. Positive Regards create Self Worth
Unconditional Regards
• Leads to healthy personality
• Society accept person
• Self confidence
• Express his feelings freely
Conditional Regards
• Leads to unhealthy personality
• Low self esteem
• Dependent
16.
17. Equilibrium
• For achieving self actualization a person must be in equilibrium with
his ideal self and self images
• Behaviour of a person depends upon the consistency of the idael self
and self image
• Ideal image=self image > stage congruence
• A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually
happens in life and experiences of the person. Hence, a difference
may exist between a person’s ideal self and actual experience. This is
called incongruence.
18.
19. Fully functioning person
• Open to experience
• Live in present
• Creative
• Trust feeling
• Fulfilled
• Happy life
20. Merits of Humanistic Perspective
• Shifted the focus of behavior to the individual/whole person rather
than the unconscious mind ,genes,observable behavior etc.
• Satisfies most people's idea of what being human means because it's
values personal ideals and self-fulfillment.
• Qualitative data gives genuine insight and more holistic information
into behavior.
• Highlights the values of more individualistic and idiographic methods
of study.
21. Demerits of Humanistic Perspective
• Unscientific-subjective concepts (can't objectively measure self -
actualization)
• Qualitative data is difficult to compare.
• Ignores the unconscious mind.
• Behaviourism -Human and animal behavior can be compared.