This document provides an overview of functionalism in psychology. It discusses that William James was the founder of functionalism and focused on studying the functions of the brain and the relationship between stimulus, mind, body, and action. Functionalism emerged as a reaction to structuralism and examined how behavior allows people to satisfy needs and adapt to their environment. It was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution and viewed the mind as growing over time through experience rather than being static. Functionalism focused on mental functions and factors rather than just components of the mind like structuralism.

1. Topic; Functionalism
Instructor; Rustam Ali

2. Schools and Perspectives in Psychology
• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Behaviorism
• Gestaltism
• Associationism
• Psychoadynamic
• Biological Perspective
• Cognitive Perspective
• Existential Perspective
• Humanistic Perspective
• Cultural Perspective
• Islamic Perspective

3. Willam James (1842-1910)
• William James was an American Psychologist,
• Willam James is the founder of Functionalism
• He tried to study various functions of the brain
• Wrote a book “Principles of Psychology”
• Wrote about the stream of consciousness, emotions,
the self, habit formation, mind-body link and more
• “Psychology is the science of mental life, both of its
phenomena and their conditions” W. James

4. Functionalism
• A function is a process or a relation that
associates each element
• Lism Means a strong belief
• Emerged as a reaction to the structuralism
• Studied the mental function and its factors
• The functionalist presented the relationship of
Stimulus » Mind » body » action to
adjust in the environment

5. Main Concepts
• This school of thought examined the way in which
behavior allows people to satisfy with their needs
• Functionalists were especially interested in education
and applied psychology.
• Function of the mind is more important rather than
structure of the mind
• Function of the mind is adjustment in the environment
• Role is more important than it's components
• John Dewy, Edward Thorndike and James cattle are
major Functionlists

6. Influenced By Darwin
• Functionalism influenced by "Darwin's Theory of
Evolution“
• As we experienced we learn better
• Mind also grows and evolves with the passage of
time
• As we experience we learn better
• Mind is not static, it’s growing
• Evaluation makes us wise

7. Structuralism & Functionalism
Structuralism
• Structuralism was the first
school of psychology,
• Focused on breaking down
mental processes into the
most basic components.
• Major structuralist thinkers
include Wilhelm Wundt and
Edward Titchener.
Functionalism
• Functionalism formed as the
reaction of Structuralism
• Focused on mental functions
and its factors
• Major functionalist thinkers
included John Dewey and
Harvey Carr.

8. Comparison
Structuralism
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Principles of Physiological Psy
• Components
• What the thing is
• What mental process are
• How they do
• Ignore individual differences
Functionalism
• Willam James
• Principles of Psychology
• Role
• What the thing is for
• Why they are
• What they do
• Believe on individual
differences

9. Introspection Criticism
• It’s a subjective Method
• Didn’t much Valid
• Couldn't easy to Explain
• Ignore individual differences

10. Thanks