This document outlines a lecture on cognition and language. It discusses cognitive psychology and focuses on thinking and reasoning, creativity and problem solving, and language. It covers Noam Chomsky's work on language acquisition devices and universal grammar. Child language development is examined through various stages from cooing to using longer utterances between ages 1 to 4. Cognition and language are closely linked, as language is how thoughts are shared and cognitive and language skills are interrelated in child development.

1. Cognition & Language
Instructor; Rustam

2. Lecture outline
• Cognitive Psychology
• Thinking and Reasoning
• Creativity
• Problem Solving
• Computers and Problem
Solving
• Judgment
• Decision Making
• Language
• Noam Chomsky Work
• (LAD) 1960
• Child Language
Development
• Cognition & Language

3. Cognitive Psychology
• “The branch of psychology that focuses on the
study of higher mental processes, including
thinking, language, memory, problem solving,
knowing, reasoning, judging, and decision
making.”
• Three major topics of Cognitive Psychology
• Thinking and reasoning,
• Creativity and Problem solving
• Language

4. Thinking and Reasoning
Thinking
• Thinking is the manipulation of
mental representations of
information.
• The process of considering or
reasoning about something.
• We begin by considering our
use of mental images and
concepts, the building blocks of
thought.
Reasoning
• The process by which information
is used to draw conclusions and
make decisions.
• Reason is the capacity of
consciously applying logic to seek
truth and draw conclusions from
new or existing information.
• Formal reasoning in which people
draw a conclusion from a set of
assumptions.

5. Creativity
• The creative process involves critical thinking
and problem-solving skills,
• Five steps in creativity
1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Evaluation
5. Verification

6. Problem Solving
• Problem solving is a process which have been used to
find solutions of difficult and complex issues
• Thus, problem solving is the process of identifying a
problem, developing an algorithm for the identified
problem and finally implementing the algorithm to
develop a computer program
• Three Steps of Problem Solving
1. Preparation: Diagnose Problems
2. Production: Generate solution
3. Judgment: Evaluate solution

7. Judgment
• An opinion or decision that is based on careful
thought
• The act or process of forming an opinion or
making a decision after careful thought
• The act of judging something or someone
• The ability to make good decisions about what
should be done

8. Computers and Problem Solving
• Solving problems is the core of computer
science
• Programmers must first understand how a
human solves a problem, then understand how
to translate this
• Artificial Intelligence on this concept
• Work on past of individual

9. Decision Making
• Decision making is the process of making
choices by identifying a decision, gathering
information, and assessing alternative
resolutions.
• Using a step-by-step decision-making process
can help you make more deliberate,
thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant
information and defining alternative

10. Language
• Language and language development are
cognitive processes that involve the ability to
understand and express thoughts through spoken
and written words
• A cognitive ability central to communication.
• Closely linked to the way in which we think about
and understand the world
• Without language, our ability to transmit
information, acquire knowledge, and cooperate
with others would become difficult

11. Noam Chomsky Work
• Children do not learn a new language but
naturally acquire it through an innate
language device
• Neurological system in human brains that
supports language acquisition.
• All humans have a universal Grammar(UG).
• Children are exposed to infinite data and given
data LAD produce a finite set of Grammar
rules.

12. Language Acquisition Device (LAD) 1960
• Proposed by Noam Chomsky the LAD concept
is an instinctive mental capacity which enables
an infant to acquire and produce language.
• This theory asserts that humans are born with
the instinct or innate facility for acquiring
language.

13. Child Language Development
• Cooing 6 weeks
• Babbling 6 months
• One-word stage 1 year
• Two-word stage 18 months
• Longer utterances 2-4 years
(50,000) words

14. Language and culture
• Language and culture are intertwined.
• A particular language usually points out to a
specific group of people.
• When you interact with another language, it
means that you are also interacting with the
culture that speaks the language.
• You cannot understand one's culture
without accessing its language

15. Cognition & Language
• Language and cognition are partners in child
development.
• We use language to learn new ideas, to talk
about our thoughts and fears, and interact
with those around us.
• Language is how thoughts fly through the air
from one mind to another.
• Language skills and cognitive skills are related
to each other.

16. Thanks