This document outlines a lecture on cognition and language. It discusses cognitive psychology and focuses on thinking and reasoning, creativity and problem solving, and language. It covers Noam Chomsky's work on language acquisition devices and universal grammar. Child language development is examined through various stages from cooing to using longer utterances between ages 1 to 4. Cognition and language are closely linked, as language is how thoughts are shared and cognitive and language skills are interrelated in child development.
The presentation contain the Thinking about Thinking and Language.
The process of thinking, types, problem solving, various bias, linguistic theories of thinking are included.
Psychology of language and thoughts.
in this presentation we will explain the psychology of language and thoughts.that how the infants perceive the language and how they react and how they make growth of this psychology and many more.
Through this presentation we shall try to analyze the views of different linguists and psychologists regarding the role of language in Knowledge construction.
The presentation contain the Thinking about Thinking and Language.
The process of thinking, types, problem solving, various bias, linguistic theories of thinking are included.
Psychology of language and thoughts.
in this presentation we will explain the psychology of language and thoughts.that how the infants perceive the language and how they react and how they make growth of this psychology and many more.
Through this presentation we shall try to analyze the views of different linguists and psychologists regarding the role of language in Knowledge construction.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Lecture outline
• Cognitive Psychology
• Thinking and Reasoning
• Creativity
• Problem Solving
• Computers and Problem
Solving
• Judgment
• Decision Making
• Language
• Noam Chomsky Work
• (LAD) 1960
• Child Language
Development
• Cognition & Language
3. Cognitive Psychology
• “The branch of psychology that focuses on the
study of higher mental processes, including
thinking, language, memory, problem solving,
knowing, reasoning, judging, and decision
making.”
• Three major topics of Cognitive Psychology
• Thinking and reasoning,
• Creativity and Problem solving
• Language
4. Thinking and Reasoning
Thinking
• Thinking is the manipulation of
mental representations of
information.
• The process of considering or
reasoning about something.
• We begin by considering our
use of mental images and
concepts, the building blocks of
thought.
Reasoning
• The process by which information
is used to draw conclusions and
make decisions.
• Reason is the capacity of
consciously applying logic to seek
truth and draw conclusions from
new or existing information.
• Formal reasoning in which people
draw a conclusion from a set of
assumptions.
5. Creativity
• The creative process involves critical thinking
and problem-solving skills,
• Five steps in creativity
1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Evaluation
5. Verification
6. Problem Solving
• Problem solving is a process which have been used to
find solutions of difficult and complex issues
• Thus, problem solving is the process of identifying a
problem, developing an algorithm for the identified
problem and finally implementing the algorithm to
develop a computer program
• Three Steps of Problem Solving
1. Preparation: Diagnose Problems
2. Production: Generate solution
3. Judgment: Evaluate solution
7. Judgment
• An opinion or decision that is based on careful
thought
• The act or process of forming an opinion or
making a decision after careful thought
• The act of judging something or someone
• The ability to make good decisions about what
should be done
8. Computers and Problem Solving
• Solving problems is the core of computer
science
• Programmers must first understand how a
human solves a problem, then understand how
to translate this
• Artificial Intelligence on this concept
• Work on past of individual
9. Decision Making
• Decision making is the process of making
choices by identifying a decision, gathering
information, and assessing alternative
resolutions.
• Using a step-by-step decision-making process
can help you make more deliberate,
thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant
information and defining alternative
10. Language
• Language and language development are
cognitive processes that involve the ability to
understand and express thoughts through spoken
and written words
• A cognitive ability central to communication.
• Closely linked to the way in which we think about
and understand the world
• Without language, our ability to transmit
information, acquire knowledge, and cooperate
with others would become difficult
11. Noam Chomsky Work
• Children do not learn a new language but
naturally acquire it through an innate
language device
• Neurological system in human brains that
supports language acquisition.
• All humans have a universal Grammar(UG).
• Children are exposed to infinite data and given
data LAD produce a finite set of Grammar
rules.
12. Language Acquisition Device (LAD) 1960
• Proposed by Noam Chomsky the LAD concept
is an instinctive mental capacity which enables
an infant to acquire and produce language.
• This theory asserts that humans are born with
the instinct or innate facility for acquiring
language.
13. Child Language Development
• Cooing 6 weeks
• Babbling 6 months
• One-word stage 1 year
• Two-word stage 18 months
• Longer utterances 2-4 years
(50,000) words
14. Language and culture
• Language and culture are intertwined.
• A particular language usually points out to a
specific group of people.
• When you interact with another language, it
means that you are also interacting with the
culture that speaks the language.
• You cannot understand one's culture
without accessing its language
15. Cognition & Language
• Language and cognition are partners in child
development.
• We use language to learn new ideas, to talk
about our thoughts and fears, and interact
with those around us.
• Language is how thoughts fly through the air
from one mind to another.
• Language skills and cognitive skills are related
to each other.
