This document provides an overview of existential therapy. It discusses key figures in existential therapy like Viktor Frankl who developed logotherapy. It also discusses Rollo May and his contributions. The document outlines some core concepts of existential therapy including its focus on finding meaning and purpose in life. It describes the goals and processes of existential therapy including techniques like the empty chair. It also notes some advantages and disadvantages of the approach.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Person-centred therapy, also known as person-centred or client-centred counselling, is a humanistic approach that deals with the ways in which individuals perceive themselves consciously, rather than how a counsellor can interpret their unconscious thoughts or ideas.
The core purpose of person-centred therapy is to facilitate our ability to self-actualise - the belief that all of us will grow and fulfil our potential. This approach facilitates the personal growth and relationships of a client by allowing them to explore and utilise their own strengths and personal identity. The counsellor aids this process, providing vital support to the client and they make their way through this journey.
Presented during the Psychology Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2009.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Person-centred therapy, also known as person-centred or client-centred counselling, is a humanistic approach that deals with the ways in which individuals perceive themselves consciously, rather than how a counsellor can interpret their unconscious thoughts or ideas.
The core purpose of person-centred therapy is to facilitate our ability to self-actualise - the belief that all of us will grow and fulfil our potential. This approach facilitates the personal growth and relationships of a client by allowing them to explore and utilise their own strengths and personal identity. The counsellor aids this process, providing vital support to the client and they make their way through this journey.
Presented during the Psychology Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2009.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
The philosophy of existentialism brought man, his existence, his emotions and his subjectivity into forefront, they were forerunners of individualism and uniqueness of each man. The views of various exponents of existentialism and the themes they brought out makes their philosophy better understood. The philosophy of education of existentialism speaks about aims, curriculum, the role of the teacher, methods of learning, learning experiences and religious and moral education.
Humanistic approach talks about human potential which can only be harnessed by an individual by focussing on internalization and subjective knowledge for this world for the attainment of self-actualization or true potential by fulfilling the needs as per the hierarchy of importance.
Logotherapy discusses how to search for the meaning of life and overcome the pain and suffering. A therapy based on Victor Frankl's Existential Analysis.
Presented at the International Conference on Identity Studies in Vienna, Austria.
http://socialsciencesandhumanities.com/upcoming-conferences-call-for-papers/international-conference-on-identity-studies/index.html
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• Feist, J. & Feist, G. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). USA: McGraw−Hill Companies
• Tria, D. & Limpingco. (2007). Personality (3rd ed.). Quezon City, Philippines: Ken Inc.
• Daniel, V. Object relations theory. Retrieved as of 2016 from https://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/objectrelations.html
Other references:
• Cervone, D. & Pervine, L. (2013). Personality: Theory and research (12th ed.). USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Cloninger, S. (2004). Theories of personality: Understanding persons (4th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Ryckman, R. (2008).Theories of personality (9th ed.). USA: Thomson Wadsworth
An important model of Psychotherapy helps to find out the meaning and purpose of life especially for those who think that finishing themselves would finish all of their life problems......!....which is never true....!!!
Every human on this earth has some purpose and meaning to be here. The human has to progress itself in a positive way and help the society to prosper positively...as each human is special and is an important part of it!
Help those who cannot help themselves!!!
This presentation aims to let the students appreciate the existence of Man. Needless to say, they will understand more the complexity of man as human being.
Key Thinkers in Practical Philosophy Dr Irvin D. Yalom Stephen Jame.docxjesssueann
Key Thinkers in Practical Philosophy: Dr Irvin D. Yalom Stephen James Minton Dr Irvin D. Yalom, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine since 1994, was born in Washington, DC in 1931, of Russian emigrant parents. Since receiving his MD in 1956, his career has been one of varied and considerable honours; as well as being an extremely successful psychiatrist, and individual and group psychotherapist, he has received the Commonwealth Club Gold Medal Award for Fiction (1993) for When Nietzsche Wept, one of the two novels he has published. His eleven books include these two novels (he is currently working on a third, this time about Schopenhauer), five text books on psychiatry/psychotherapy (including the excellent Existential Psychotherapy’(1980) and the near legendary (amongst group psychotherapists) The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (first published in 1970, and now in its fourth edition (1995)), three books of semi-autobiographical ‘tales of psychotherapy’ (including the best-selling Love’s Executioner (1990)), and an introduction to his own work, The Yalom Reader (1998). Additionally, he has authored over 60 articles, monographs and chapters. Yalom’s written output, therefore, is considerable in bulk, and sometimes not far short of astonishing in breadth. He has made numerous and significant medical, literary, psychological and (probably most interesting to readers of this journal) applied philosophical contributions. For convenience’s sake, I have chosen to group these contributions accordingly: (i) the practice of psychiatry and psychotherapy; (ii) the development of existential psychiatry and psychotherapy; (iii) literary contributions and innovations. As the former and latter categories have rather less to do with the application of practical philosophy, I shall be brief here - however, to omit these areas entirely would be to misrepresent much of the general tone and scope of Yalom’s work. The practice of psychiatry and psychotherapy Yalom has made numerous contributions to the teaching and practice of both group and individual psychotherapy. Some of his writings concerning the above are more or less standard (but extraordinarily human, and well-written) textbooks, and two have enjoyed considerable commercial success on both sides of the Atlantic (Existential Psychotherapy (1980), and Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy’ (4th Edition, 1995)). Both are excellent texts; the in-depth and exhaustive coverage of the latter has ensured that it has become something of a ‘bible’ for all group psychotherapists. Yet I believe that Yalom is correct when he attributes at least ‘some of the success to storytelling - to a stream of brief human vignettes running through the text’ (Yalom, 2001). For it is in his books that address the practice of psychotherapy through the intensely reflective documentation of case studies – those that Yalom refers to as his ‘tales of psychotherapy’ (as may be fou ...
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3. Viktor E. Frankl was one of Europe’s leading
psychiatrists and one of the most modern thinkers
in the world. During and partly because of his
suffering in concentration camps, Frankl validated
a revolutionary approach to psychotherapy known
as Logotherapy. At the core of this theory is the
belief that man’s primary motivational force is
search for meaning and the work of the
logotherapist centers on helping the patient find
personal meaning in life, however dismal the
circumstances maybe. He is the father of
the Logotherapy, an existential analysis.
5. Rollo May was the best known American
existential psychologist and has often been
referred to as "the father of existential
psychotherapy." Although he is often
associated with humanistic psychology, he
differs from other humanistic psychologists
such as Abraham Maslow or Carl Rogers
in showing a sharper awareness of the
tragic dimensions of human
existence.
6. Rollo May very rightly established the fact that a person
develops through stages. According to him, all individuals
experience a number of stages throughout their lifetimes.
• Innocence,the stage of pre-self-
consciousness
• Rebellion, when a person believe in
their free will without understanding
the responsibilities that accompany
freedom
7. • Decision, where a person grasps his/her
independence from one’s parents and
makes decisions about what to do with
his/her life
• Ordinary stage, where individuals
experience a developed sense of ego and
responsibility
• Extential or Creative stage, where he/she
experiences self actualization.
8. • Existentialism is an area of philosophy
concerned with the meaning of human
existence. It looks at issues such as love,
death and the meaning of life - and how
one deals with the sense of value and
meanings in their own life. In an
existentialist approach to therapy, there
are basic dimensions of the human
condition.
9. • These are the capacity for self-awareness,
the tension between freedom and
responsibility, the creation of an identity
and the establishment of meaningful
relationships, the search for meaning, the
acceptance of anxiety as a condition of
living and the awareness of death and
non-being.
10. • Existentialists believe that our human
capacity for self-awareness gives us possibilities
for freedom - as we will realize that we are finite
and time is limited, we have the potential and
the choice to act or not to act, meaning is not
automatic and we must seek it, and we are
subject to loneliness, meaninglessness, guilt
and isolation. Therefore, people are free to
choose among alternatives available to them in
living and have a large role in shaping their own
personal destinies. The manner in which we
live and what we become are results of our
choices and people must take responsibility
for directing their own lives.
11. Goals of existential therapy
• The main goal of existential therapy is
first to help patients realize that they are
in control of their own lives through the
decisions they make. Once patients
realize their autonomy in life, they are
challenged to freely make choices
about how they want to live.
12. Existential psychotherapy is a style of
therapy that places emphasis on the human
condition as a whole. Existential
psychotherapy uses a positive approach
that applauds human capacities and
aspirations while simultaneously
acknowledging human limitations.
Existential psychotherapy shares many
similarities with humanistic psychology,
experiential psychotherapy, depth
psychotherapy, and relational
psychotherapy.
13. Existential therapy process
• Confrontation is commonly used as part of
existential therapy to help patients realize
how their actions/choices are responsible
for the current condition.
14. How Does Existential Therapy
Address Human Pain?
• Understand the pain
• Find ways to alleviate the pain.
The focus of existential therapy is on the
development of self-awareness and self
understanding because existential therapy
contends that we are each responsible for
creating the circumstances in our lives
and
finding meaning for our life experiences.
15. How Existential Therapy Works
Theoretically
First we need to look at the four core
dimensions of human existence:
•Physical
•Social
•Psychological
•Spiritual
16. The Four Main Methods Used in
Existential Therapy
Emily van Deurzen, author of the Handbook of
Individual Therapy, defines four main methods
used in existential therapy.
1.cultivating a naïve attitude
2.facing limitations
3.exploring a personal world view
4.enquiring into meaning
17. How Existential therapy Works
Practically
• Perhaps the most well-known existential therapy
exercise is the technique called the “empty chair”
activity. The therapist has the patient sit in one chair
facing an empty chair. The empty chair represents
another person who is a part of an unresolved issue.
The patient then role plays with the imaginary
person in the empty chair. The patient moves back
and forth speaking out both roles. This helps the
patient to become more fully present in the
immediate moment and leads to more clarity
regarding the unresolved issue. The goal is greater
awareness, acceptance of personal responsibility,
and resolution.
18. Advantages of Existential
Therapy
• Contemporary developments have made it more
flexible and easier to use
• It has been adapted to briefer systems of
intervention
• It provides a theoretical framework from which to
be eclectic
• It is conducive to collaboration with the client to
find a unique way of working together
• It is emotionally powerful and fulfilling for client
19. Disadvantages of Existential
Therapy
• It is dense, complex and difficult to master.
• There is very little guidance for the
practitioner.
• You can be an existentialist but you
cannot do it. It is not about technique but
your own personal stance.
20. Why Existential therapy Works:
• The bottom line is this: existentialism is based
on inevitable realities of the human experience.
Whether you believe in a divine power or not, we
do exist, and in our existence, we all experience
pain and suffering. Existentialism offers us a way
to discover our true, authentic selves through
the pain and suffering. For me, I see existential
therapy as a path through life that is illuminated
with hope and yes, those ever coveted American
values of freedom and independence.