Introduction to Skin Creams, Defination Advantages
Disadvantages, Ideal properties, Types, Bases used in skin creams, Method of preparation, Formulation, Evaluation of creams
Presented by
G.ARAVIND KUMAR
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Introduction to Skin Creams, Defination Advantages
Disadvantages, Ideal properties, Types, Bases used in skin creams, Method of preparation, Formulation, Evaluation of creams
Presented by
G.ARAVIND KUMAR
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Through this presentation viewers will be able to define Cosmetics, Classify cosmetics on different basis, Explain about various Facial Cosmetics, Such As Face powder, Cold Cream, Vanishing Cream, Cleansing Cream, Lipstick, Various Eye make-up preparations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Liquid Shampoo.pdfRAHUL PAL
Shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant (i.e., surface active material) in a suitable from liquid, solid
or powder-which when used under the specified condition will remove surface grease, dirt, skin debris
from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
Surfactant are the main components of shampoo preparation. Mainly anionic surfactant is used. A
surfactant consists of two-part are hydrophilic (water loving) while the other is hydrophobic in nature.
Shampoo for oily hair can been exactly the same detergent at the same concentration as shampoo for
dry hair.
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Introduction.
Types of Herbal hair products.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Storage condition
Formulation and Evaluation of Different herbal hair products.
Result and Conclusion.
Cold cream , vanishing cream , IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS , MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS , FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM , IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM , INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM , FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
Through this presentation viewers will be able to define Cosmetics, Classify cosmetics on different basis, Explain about various Facial Cosmetics, Such As Face powder, Cold Cream, Vanishing Cream, Cleansing Cream, Lipstick, Various Eye make-up preparations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Liquid Shampoo.pdfRAHUL PAL
Shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant (i.e., surface active material) in a suitable from liquid, solid
or powder-which when used under the specified condition will remove surface grease, dirt, skin debris
from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
Surfactant are the main components of shampoo preparation. Mainly anionic surfactant is used. A
surfactant consists of two-part are hydrophilic (water loving) while the other is hydrophobic in nature.
Shampoo for oily hair can been exactly the same detergent at the same concentration as shampoo for
dry hair.
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Introduction.
Types of Herbal hair products.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Storage condition
Formulation and Evaluation of Different herbal hair products.
Result and Conclusion.
Cold cream , vanishing cream , IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS , MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS , FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM , IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM , INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM , FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
This is just a basic information i have collected from textbooks and from internet and the credits for the info are given to its original authors,,,,,, hope this is helpful.
This slideshare describes the study of quality of raw materials used in cosmetics and general methods of analysis of raw materials used in cosmetic manufacture as per BIS
THIS PRESENTATION CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT SHAMPOOS , WHICH WAS DESCRIBED AS A COSMETIC
PREPARATION FOR 3RD BPHARMACY STUDENTS IN THEIR 5th SEMESTER...
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Evalulation
1. SEMINAR ON
FORMULATION & EVALUATION
OF SHAMPOO
Presented By
Manas Boxi
M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
1st Semester
Regd. No. A-05
Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
3. Introduction
• Definition: A shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant (i.e.
surface active material) in a suitable form – liquid, solid or
powder – which when used under the specified conditions
will remove surface grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hair
shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
• Requirements of a Shampoo:
1. It should effectively and completely remove dust or soil,
excessive sebum or other fatty substances and loose corneal
cells from the hair.
2. It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy the
psychological requirements of the user.
3. It should be easily removed on rinsing with water.
4. It should leave the hair non-dry, soft, lustrous with good
manageability and minimum fly away.
5. It should impart a pleasant fragnance to the hair.
6. It should not cause any side-effects / irritation to skin or eye.
7. It should not make the hand rough and chapped.
4. Types of Shampoo
Shampoos are of the following types:
Powder Shampoo
Liquid Shampoo
Lotion Shampoo
Cream Shampoo
Jelly Shampoo
Aerosol Shampoo
Specialized Shampoo
• Conditioning Shampoo
• Anti- dandruff Shampoo
• Baby Shampoo
• Two Layer Shampoo
5. PRODUCT INGREDIENTS
• Surfactants are the main component of shampoo. Mainly anionic
surfactants are used.
• The raw materials used in the manufacture of shampoos are:
1. Principal surfactants: Provide detergency and foam.
2. Secondary surfactants: Improve detergency, foam and hair
condition.
3. Other additives.
CLEANSING ACTION OF SHAMPOO
A surfactant consists of two part- one hydrophilic (water loving)
while the other is hydrophobic in nature.
6. Surfactants
Anionic surfactants are mostly used (good foaming
properties). The hydrophilic portion carries a negative
charge which results in superior foaming, cleaning
and end result attributes.
Non-ionic surfactants have good cleansing properties
but do not have sufficient foaming power.
Cationic surfactants are toxic and are hence not used.
However, they may be used in low concentration in
hair conditioners.
Ampholytics, being expensive, are generally not used.
However, they are mainly used as secondary
surfactants and good hairconditioners.
7. ANIONIC SURFACTANTS
CLASS EXAMPLE COMMENT
Alkyl benzene
sulfonates
Sodium dodecyl benzene
sulfonate
Tend to yield an “airy” or low density foam
and often are drying to the hair
Primary alkyl sulfates Lauric acid, stearic acid and
their salts
Good lathering effect in hard water, free from
rancidity, easy to wash.
Secondary alcohol
sulfates
Sodium sec-lauryl sulfate Low cost, dispersing and emulsifying action,
dissapointing as detergets and shampoo
components
Alkyl benzene
polyoxyethylene
sulfonates
Triton X200 Stable in acid or alkaline solution, excellent
emulsifier, detergent and wetting agent;
extremely stable at pH of skin
Sulfated
monoglycerides
Lauric monoglyceride
ammonium sulfate
Stable in hard water
Alkyl ether sulfates Derivatives of lauryl alcohol
ether with PEG
Good cleansers, act as solvents for non polar
additives
Sarcosines Lauroyl and cocoyl
sarcosines
Excellent foaming and conditioning action
Sulfosuccinates Aerosol OT Less irritating to skin and eye (baby shampoo)
Maypon Protalbinic and lysalbinic
acid derivatives (maypon 4C)
Hydrolysation product of proteins with fatty
acid chlorides in presence of alkali
8. NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS
CLASS EXAMPLE COMMENTS
Fatty acid
alkanolamides (should
not be used > 15%)
Lauric monoethanolamide Improves solubility of SLS
Stearic ethanolamide Pearlescent thickener
Oleic ethanolamides Hair conditioning agents
Polyalkoxylated
derivatives
Ethoxylated fatty alcohols Stable in wide range of pH; stabilizing
emulsifying and opacifying properties
Block polymers (pluronics) Good rinsability, can be used in high %
Sorbitol esters (TWEENS) Solubilizers and emulsifiers, used in baby
shampoos
Amine oxides Coconut and dodecyl
dimethyl amine oxides
Foam booster and anti-static agents
AMPHOTERIC SURFACTANTS
N-alkyl aminoacids β – aminoacid derivatives Foaming agents
Aspargine derivatives Compatible with both anionic and
cationic surfactants
Betains Amido betains High foaming properties, mild.
Alkyl imidazoline MIRANOLTM Baby shampoos
10. ADDITIVES
Perfumes : Herbal, fruity or floral fragnances.
Preservatives : Methyl and propyl paraben,
formaldehyde (most effective).
Anti-dandruff agents: The shampoos contain small
amount of these actives, which are in contact with
the scalp for only a short time. In order to be
effective the active ingredient must work in the oil-
water environment of the scalp and must be readily
substantive to the scalp for continuing activity.
Ex: Selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithone, salicylic acid.
16. Evaluation of Shampoos
Performance characteristics
Foam and foam stability
Detergency and cleaning action
Effect of water hardness
Surface Tension and wetting
Surfactant content and analysis
Rinsing
Conditioning action
Softness
Luster
Lubricity
Body, texture and set retention
Irritation and toxicity
Dandruff control
Microbiological assay
Eye irritancy test
Product characteristics
Fragnance
Colour
Consistency
Package
17. 1. Foam and foam stability:
• The Ross-Miles foam column test is accepted. 200 ml of surfactant
solution is dropped into a glass column containing 50ml of the same
solution. The height of the foam generated is measured immediately
and again after a specified time interval, and is considered
proportional to the volume.
• Barnett and Powers developed a latherometer to measure the effect
of variables such as water hardness, type of soil and quantity of soil on
foam speed, volume and stability.
• Fredell and Read titrated actual standard oiled heads of hair with
additive increments of shampoo until a persistent lather end point
appeared.
2. Detergency and cleaning action:
• Cleansing power is evaluated by the method of Barnet and Powers
• 5gm sample of soiled human hair is placed at 35°c in 200 cc of water
containing of 1 gm of shampoo.
• The flask is shaken 50 times a minute for 4 minutes. Then washed
once again with sufficient amount of water, then after filter the hair
dried and weighed.
• The amount of soil is removed under these condition is calculated.
18. 3. Wetting Action:
• Canvas disk sinking test: A mount veron cotton duck # 6 canvas disk 1
inch in diameter, is floated on the surface of a solution, and the time
required for it to sink is measured accurately.
4. Rinsing:
• Skilled beauticians are employed to make comparisons on the
performance of several shampoos.
5. Conditioning Action:
• Conditioning action is a difficult property to assess. This is because it is
basically dependent on subjective appraisal.
• No method has been published for measuring conditioning action.
• The degree of conditioning given to hair is ultimately judged by
shampoo user who is making the evaluation on the basis of past
experience and present expectations.
19. 6. Microbiological assay:
PREPARATION OF PRE-INOCULUM Take the loopful culture of
staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6532) aseptically and transfer to
sterilized and cooled 100 ml SCDM (broth).
• Mix well. Incubate the broth at 37oC for 24 hrs.
PREPARATION OF MEDIA Soya bean casein digests medium, soya
bean casein digest agar and nutrient agar.
PREPARATION OF POUR PLATES Sterilized SCD agar (100 ml) is
cooled to 40°C and mixed with 5 ml of 24 hrs old pre inoculated
culture.
• This is immediately poured in plates (340 ml each) and allows to
set.
MAKING THE WELLS ON AGAR PLATES The wells are dig on agar
plates with sterilised well digger aseptically.
• Take 100µml of each sample, add to well aseptically. Incubate the
plates at 37oC for 24 hrs to 48 hrs.
• Observe the effectiveness of sample on culture growing on the agar
plate and we can see the effectiveness of sample in the form of
zone of inhibition around each well containing different sample.
20. 7. Evaluation of eye irritancy:
• The test calls for dropping 0.1 ml of liquid shampoo in the
conjunctiva sac of one eye of the rabbit , the other eye serving as
control.
• In the case of the first three animals, the treated eye remains
unwashed. Since washing the eye may or may not alleviate
symptoms of injury.
• The six remaining animals are divided into two equal groups.
• In the first of these groups eyes instilled with the substances are
washed with 20 ml of lukewarm water two seconds after
treatment and in the second group after instillation.
• Readings are then made at 24, 48 and 72 hr and again four and
seven days after treatment.
• If the lesions have not cleared up in seven days the test material is
considered as severe irritant.
8. Viscosity:
• Viscosity of the liquid shampoo is determined using a Brookefield
viscometer
• 100 mL of the shampoo is taken in a beaker and the spindle is
dipped in it for about 5 min and then the reading is taken.
21. References
1. Balsam, S.M., Gershon, S.D., Rieger, M.M., Sagarin, E., and Strianse, S.J.: COSMETICS–
Science and Technology, 2nd edition, Vol-2, John Wiley India, New Delhi, 2008
2. Barel, A.O., Paye, M., and Maibach, H.I.: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and
Technology, 3rd Edition, Informa Healthcare, New York.
3. Sharma, P.P.: COSMETICS - Formulation, Manufacturing and Quality Control, 4th
Edition, Vandana Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, March 1998.
4. Butler, H.: POUCHER’S – Perfumes, Cosmetics & Soaps, 10th Edition, Springer,
Cockermouth, Cumbria, USA, 2000.
5. Salador, A., and Chisvert, A.: Analysis of cosmetic products, Elsevier, New York, 2006.
6. Ross, J., and Miles, G.D.: An application for comparison of foaming properties of
soaps and detergents, Oil and Soap, 1941.
7. Mittal,: A Handbook of Cosmetics
8. Fredell, W.G., and Powers, D.H.: Factors attributing to the performance of shampoos
and to consumer acceptance, Proc. Sci. Sec., 1955.
9. Rajkumar, K. J., Invitro evaluation of shampoos.
10. www.cosmeticdatabase.com