The document discusses the characteristics, composition, manufacturing process, evaluation, and facts about lipsticks. Lipsticks are dispersions of coloring matter in a base containing oils, fats, and waxes, and should be smooth to apply, have good indelibility and color intensity, and remain firm during storage. They are manufactured by melting and mixing the wax, oil, dye, and additive components, then molding and packaging the lipsticks. Evaluation methods include testing the color, melting point, softening point, microbial levels, and break strength.

1. RAGAVENDRA
INSTITUTE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL
EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH

4. INTRODUCTION:
• Lipstick are basically dispersions of colouring
matter in a base containing a suitable blend of
oils, fats and waxes suitably perfume, flavoured
and moulded in the form of stick and enclosed in
a case.
• Base – emollient action

5. CHARACTERISTICS:
• It should be smooth and easy to apply leaving a
thin film on lips.
• It should have a good degree of indelibility.
• It should have high retention of colour intensity.
• It should be free from grittiness and should be
non-drying.
• It should have required plasticity.
• It should be innocuous externally as well as
internally.

6. • It should have pleasant odour/flavour.
• It should not lose its smooth and shiny appearance
during storage.
• Is should remain free from bloom or sweating during
storage.
• It should remain firm within reasonable variation of
climatic temperature.

7. COMPOSITION:
• Wax mixture,
• Oil mixture,
• Bromo mixture,
• Colours,
• Preservatives
• Fragrance,
• Antioxidants,
• Surfactants and other additives

8. Formulation:
Carnauba wax – 10g
Bees wax – 15g
Lanolin – 5g
Cetyl alcohol – 4g
Castor oil – 62g
Candelilla wax – 2g
Ozokerite wax – 2g
Dye – q.s
Perfume – q.s

9. Manufacture of lipsticks:
• Steps involved is:
- Melting and mixing.
- Moulding.
- Labelling and packing.
DEFECTS IN LIPSTICKS:

10. EVALUATION OF LIPSTICK:
• Colour control,
• Determination of melting point(heat test),
• Softening point,
• Microbial testing,
• Rancidity,
• Rupture test,
• Breaking load test.

11. Colour control:
• Colour control of lipstick is critical ,
manufacture to be aware of this.
• Colorimetric equipment is used to provide some
control on the shades of lipstick.
• This equipment gives a numerical reading of the
shade, when mixed, so it can identically match
previous batches.

12. DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT:
• The lipstick base
should have a M.P.
between 55 – 75°C

13. SOFTENING POINT:
• A lipstick should withstand the range of
conditions to which it will subjected in the
consumers handbag.
• It should be resistant to varying temp & be just
as easy to apply in the hot as in cold weather.
• Softening point range 50-550C.
• Method: Ring and Ball method Second Method.

14. Microbial testing:
• Contamination from raw materials, moulds,
storage kettles or lipstick container can lead to
microbial growth.
• The test consist of plating a known mass of the
sample on two selected culture media
specifically suitable for the growth of bacteria
fungi incubating them for a specified period to
permit the development of visual colonies for
counting.
• The limit is, not more than 100 µo/gm

15. Rancidity:
• Rancidification is the decomposition of fats, oils
and other lipids by hydrolysis or oxidation.
• It leads to obnoxious odour, bad taste & sticky
product & sometimes change of colour of the
product.
• Testing of rancidity can be done by determining
its peroxide number

16. Breaking load test:
• The test is to find out the
value of maximum load
that a lipstick can
withstand before it breaks.
• The protruded lipstick
salve is subjected to a
number of weights hanging
from it.
• The weight at which the
lipstick breaks is its
Breaking Load

17. FACTS:
• First manmade lipsticks appeared around four to five
thousand years ago in Ancient Mesopotamia.
• 80% of the American women regularly wear lipstick and
over 25% won’t leave house without wearing it.
• Lipsticks can contain fish scales, and castor oil that
provides lips with shiny film that can’t be smeared easily.
• During dark and middle ages in Europe, lipsticks were
often viewed as a fashion accessory of prostitutes and
lower class women.
• One of the most expensive lipsticks in the world is
Guerlain’s KissKiss Gold and Diamonds Lipstick, which
will set you back $62,000.

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