Hair cosmetics include tonics, oils, removers, colorants, and shaving preparations. Hair tonics contain alcohol, glycerin, vitamins, and stimulants like capsicum. Hair conditioners moisturize and reconstruct hair using proteins, oils, and cationic surfactants. Hair removers are depilatories containing sulphides or thioglycolates, or epilatories involving plucking. Hair dyes are temporary, semi-permanent containing nitro compounds, or permanent using vegetable or metal salts. Shaving preparations lubricate before and soothe skin after shaving with talc, alcohol, and antiseptics.
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF and Role of herbs in cosmetics:Priya Patil
Sun protection,
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Introduction.
Types of Herbal hair products.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Storage condition
Formulation and Evaluation of Different herbal hair products.
Result and Conclusion.
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF and Role of herbs in cosmetics:Priya Patil
Sun protection,
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Introduction.
Types of Herbal hair products.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Storage condition
Formulation and Evaluation of Different herbal hair products.
Result and Conclusion.
This slideshare describes the study of quality of raw materials used in cosmetics and general methods of analysis of raw materials used in cosmetic manufacture as per BIS
Formulation & evalution of hair dye.pptxAvinashBorad1
topic :-
what is hair dye?
types of hair dye
formulation ingredients of hair dye.
method of preparation of hair dye.
Hair dye uses and health implications
in this it is described that what is hair tonic and hair conditioner.
types and formulation of each
evalution of hair dye.
Sebaceous Gland: small oil-producing gland present in the skin of mammals
Sebaceous glands are usually attached to hair follicles and release a fatty substance, sebum, into the follicular duct and hence to the surface of the skin.
There are more sebaceous glands in the proximity of hair
It is found all over the body except the palms of the hand and soles of the feet.
It is more in the face and head, and few in the forelimbs.
Sweat Gland: a small gland that secretes sweat, situated in the dermis of the skin.
Such glands are found over most of the body and have a simple coiled tubular structure.
It is of two types
Eccrine gland- Most of the body
Apocrine gland- under arms.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
4. HAIR TONICS
• For Oily Scalps: To correct the oily
condition……
• For Dry scalps: to supplement oily
character…..
5. Ingredients
• Industrial methylated spirit diluted with water : common
vehicle.
• 10-95% alcohol act as a solvent for the removal of fatty
acid – protein complex from the hair.
• 2-5% glycerin : emollient and lubricating effect and act
as a co solvent.
6. • Rubifacient drugs to stimulate hair growth.
Eg: cantharides, pilocarpine, quinine, ammonia, rosemary
oil…
• Vitamins like Vit F, VitK , biotin, pantothenic acid
protein hydrolisation pdt and nucleic acid.
• Anti dandruff material like sulphur, cationic
surfactants,selinium and cadmium sulphide etc.
7. 1. Resorcinol :
• Power full antiseptic property .
• Less than 1% is used in hair tonics..
• Large dose is toxic due to the production of
methamoglobin.
2. Beta naphthol:
• Powerful antiseptic (0.1%)
• Slightly soluble in water, boric acid increases its
solubility.
8. 3. Quinine :Keep the scalps sterile and stimulate it by
friction.
4. Capsicum:
• Tincture of capsicum is used.
5. Cantharides:
• Irritating stimulant properties on the scalps.
6.Vitamins and unsaturated acid:
• Used in conjugation for their hair growing property.
9. Hair conditioner
• Hair conditioner alter the texture and appearance of human
hair and to improve damaged hair.
• Used after shampoo, to render the hair shinier, easy to comb,
and free from static electricity when dry.
• Conditioners are usually based on cationic detergents and
fatty materials like lanolin or mineral oil.
10. Ingredients
1. Moisturizers.
• Whose role is to hold moisture in the hair. Usually these
contain high proportions of humectants.
2. Re constructors.
• Usually containing hydrolyzed protein.
• Their role is to penetrate the hair and strengthen its structure
through polymer cross linking.
3. Detanglers.
• Which modify the hair surface by pH as acidifiers, and/or by
coating it with polymers, as glossers.
11. 4. Acidifiers.
• Acidity regulators which maintain the conditioner's pH at
about 2.5–3.5
5.Thermal protectors.
• Usually heat-absorbing polymers, shielding the hair against
excessive heat
e.g., blow-drying or curling irons or hot rollers.
12. 6. Surfactants.
• Hair consists of approximately 97% of a protein called keratin, it
contains negatively-charged amino acids
• Hair conditioners therefore usually contain cationic surfactants,
which don't wash out completely, because their hydrophilic ends
strongly bind to keratin.
• The hydrophobic ends of the surfactant molecules then act as the
new hair surface.
13. 7. Oils (EFAs).
Which can help dry/porous hair become more soft and
pliable.
8. Sequestrants.
The scalp produce natural oil called sebum. EFAs are the
closest thing to natural sebum.
9. Lubricants.
Such as fatty alcohols, panthenol, dimethicone, etc for better
function in hard water.
14.
15. Hair oil
• For nourishment and care of hair.
• Either in the form of pure oil or some ingredients are
dissolved in it.
16. In vitro anti microbiological tests
against some specific organisms
using liquid or solid medium Antiseptic
property
EVALUATION
Stability Sensitivity
test test
Effect of heat, light etc on the Antiseptics,may cause irritation, sensitization
stability.Accelerated stability study or photosensitization of the skin. This can be
is done for determining stability. done by patch test, either open or occlusive.
17. HAIR REMOVERS
DEPILATORIES EPILATORIES
Mechanical Chemical
For removing unwanted hairs. Several methods
like waxing threading etc…
Other various methods are electrolysis and diathermy.
18. Depilatories
• For degradation of superficial hair
chemically without affecting the skin.
• Act by degrading the hair keratin.
• Contain alkaline solutions and reducing
agents.
• Which cause swelling of hair fiber and
breakdown of cystine bridges between
adjacent polypeptide chains.
20. Ingredients
1. Inorganic Sulphides :
a) Sodium sulphide: (2%) at pH 12 (not used due to
strong action on skin)
b) Barium sulphide: highly toxic
c) Calcium sulphide: less toxic, less effective.
d) Strontium sulphide: better choice.(25-50%)
action within 3 min.
Disadv: unpleasent odour (formation of hydrogen
sulphide)
21. 2.Thioglycolates :
Most widely used active ingredient are substituted
mercaptans
Used in conjugation with alkali
2.5 – 4% of calcium thioglycolate in conjugn with CaOH at
pH 11-12 take 5-15 min for hair removal.
Less toxic and less odour than sulphides.
3. Stannites :
Sodium stannite is commonly used
In presence of water it produces strong reducing and alkaline
effect
22. 4. Enzymes :
Keratinase enzyme have depilatory action
Non irritant and odourless
3-4%is used and optimum pH is 7-8
5. Other additives :
Humectant : prevent quick drying
Eg: Glycerin, Sorbitol
Thickening Agent: Starch, Methylcellulose, Mucin.
PEG used to form film.
Fat used for skin protection & conditioning.
23. EPILATORIES
• Plucking the hair either by tweezers,
threading or by waxing.
• Rosin and wax are the main ingredient.
• Local anesthetic benzocain.
• Camphor, Hexachlorophane is also
added.
24. EVALUATION
•Estimation of hair
removing agent.
•Instrumental analysis
•Rabbit test.
CHEMICAL TOXICITY
ANALYSIS TEST •Microscopical study
STABILITY RHEOLOGY
TEST
Accelarated stability Viscometer
study
25. HAIR COLORENTS /DYES
• Ideal hair dye should have certain properties……
• Imprtant charecterestic to be considered are,
Molecular size and pH
• Doesn’t permit molecules larger than ethylene glycol.
• Higher pH greater absorption but damage the hair.
26. Common ingredients in hair dyes:
In general, hair dyes include
DYES
• The dye chemicals are usually amino compounds.
• Metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide and iron oxide, are
often used as pigments.
MODIFIERS
• They stabilize the dye pigments or otherwise act to modify the
shade.
• One commonly used - resorcinol.
27. Alkalizers
• Alkalizers are added to change the pH of the dye formula,
because the dyes work best in a highly alkaline composition.
• Ammonium hydroxide is a common alkalizer.
Antioxidants
• Antioxidants protect the dye from oxidizing with air. Most
commonly used is sodium sulfite.
28. Ammonia: used to open hair shaft for dye penetration.
Agents which make the dye more or less permanent.
Soaps, wetting agents, fragrance, softening agents.
30. Temporary Color
These dyes or colorants impart color to the hair for a
short time.
Absorption of the dye stuff takes place only on hair
cuticle not penetrate in to the cortex and medulla.
pH of the solution is adjusted at about 5.
31. Semitransparent Colorants
These colorants give stronger coloration to the hair, and can
withstand up to six to eight shampooing.
Mainly based on basic dye stuff of nitro amino dyes. These are
usually red or yellow.
A mixture anionic and / or non ionic surfactant with a cation
active dye is used to get semitransparent coloring.
Formation of anion cation colour complex.
32. Permanent colorants
• These are either vegetable origin or salts of heavy metals.
• The main ingredients of the formulations are
1. Base: Solution, emulsion , Gel, Powder, Shampoo.
2. Dye: Oxidation Base
3. Alkali: Ammonia.
4. Antioxidants: Ammonium Thioglycolate.
33. Hair lighteners and bleaches
• Bleaching, also referred to as hair lightening or
decolorizing
• Destruction of melanin by chemical reaction.
• Hydrogen peroxide (3-5%) and ammonium hydroxide are
frequently used.
• EDTA – sequestering agent
35. Preparation used before shaving
1. For shaving with razor blade.
classified in to ,
I. Shaving soaps: solids and creams
II. Brushless shaving cream.
III.Aerosol preparation.
36. 2. For electric shaving.
For lubrication: Talc, Magnesiumstearate
To absorb perspiration: Kaolin, Magnesium Carbonate
For drying the skin : Alcohol
Astringent And Antiseptics
37. Preparation used after shaving
• To cool and refresh the skin.
• Used in the form of lotions, creams and powders.
• Contain antiseptics, emollient etc.
• Also contain menthol, glycerin, boric acid, alum and
chloroform.
38. evaluation
• For shaving preparation:
1. Determination of free caustic alkali.
2. Determination of potash soap.
3. Determination of total free acid.
4. Determination of total fatty material
5. Foam formation
6. Skin sensitization.
7. Stability of the cream
39. • For after shave lotion:
1. Antiseptic property.
2. Determination of alcohol content
3. Dermatological test.