This document discusses sun protection and sunscreen classification and SPF. It begins by explaining the harmful effects of UV radiation from the sun. It then describes the different types of UV rays and their wavelengths. UVB causes sunburns and skin damage while UVA causes aging and cancer. Sunscreens can be physical, using ingredients like zinc oxide to reflect UV rays, or chemical, using ingredients like PABA that absorb UV rays. Higher SPF provides greater UVB protection. The document recommends reapplying sunscreen every 1-4 hours depending on the SPF and exposure time to maintain protection.
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Dry skin, is a very common and harmless skin condition marked by an inappropriate amount of moisture and oil content in the epidermis; the top most layer of the skin.
The presentation contains brief explanation about the Emollients, its types with detailed examples. Brief classification of Rheological additives is also presented along with the applications in cosmeceuticals.
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Dry skin, is a very common and harmless skin condition marked by an inappropriate amount of moisture and oil content in the epidermis; the top most layer of the skin.
The presentation contains brief explanation about the Emollients, its types with detailed examples. Brief classification of Rheological additives is also presented along with the applications in cosmeceuticals.
Introduction to sun protection, classification of sunscreens and SPFShraddhaGondhale
Sun protection factor (SPF) is a measure of how well sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV (ultraviolet) rays from the sun. It shows the level of protection against UVB rays, which are the cause of sunburn and cancer.
Cosmeceuticals :-Cosmeceuticals are cosmetics product with biologically active ingredients purposing to have medical or drug-like benefits.
Cosmeceuticals means combination of “Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals”
Sunscreen :- Sunscreen also known as sunblock or suntan lotion is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protects the skin.
The sun and our eyes: protection against sunlight julbo-eyewear
Sunlight is vital for all of us. However, our eyes are very sensitive to it and it is essential to protect them properly.
A specialist in solar protection in high-risk environments and extreme conditions, Julbo has been providing its expertise to people who love to look at the world for over 120 years. Julbo develops its frames and lenses through a combination of innovation and careful attention to detail.
This presentation contains essential information on the dangers of sunlight and how to protect against it. Because your eyes are unique and the world needs your vision.
Photoprotection of Skin against Ultraviolet Radiations by SunscreenBRNSS Publication Hub
Nowadays, cosmetic products represent the most important market sector for producers after food. Consumers are in regular demand of products for beauty, antiaging, wellness, skin care and sunscreen. Sunscreen help to guard skin from UV rays, either chemically or physically. UV rays are generally consists of three forms UVA, UVB and UVC, and excessive exposure of these radiation may lead to pigment changes, pre-cancerous, cancerous skin, wrinkles and skin aging, along with activating other adverse light sensitive reactions based on disease aetiology and skin prototypes. The possible pathological changes due to use of sunscreen has been reviewed during the exposure to the UV rays. It is vital to protect skin and eyes from damaging effects as the skin is an important part of our immune system. Moreover, artificial sources of UV rays should be eluded including tanning beds and sunlamps without use of sunscreen. Surfaces such as snow,sand, concrete and water can reflect up to 80% of UV radiation, when around these surfaces, even when cloud weather because it filters less than 40 % of UV radiation, sun screen should be applied. The used sunscreen products should contain SPF of at least 15 and it is advisable to have enough beta carotene and antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and Selenium when heavily exposed to sun radiation. In this review it is tried to summarize all possible issues related to sunscreens.
Sunscreen, SPF value ,definition of sunscreen, classification of sunscreen, mechanism of sunscreen, organic sunscreens, inorganic sunscreens, formulation of sunscreen, UV radiation, effects of UV radiation, spectrum UV radiation, analysis of final product, persistent pigment darkening(PPD)
Whether it is sunny, cloudy, or rainy, any time spent outdoors leaves your delicate skin vulnerable to sun damage. You may be spending a hot summer day at a local resort or simply sitting outside during your lunch break; it is vital to protect your skin with the right sun protection options.
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Natural sunlight contains, among other things, UV photons. These photons are shorter in wavelength and higher in energy than visible light. Because they fall outside the visible spectrum, the human eye cannot perceive them. When it comes to sunlight, what you can’t see will hurt you. When these high-energy photons strike your skin, they generate free radicals and can also directly damage your DNA. Over the short term, this UV-induced damage can produce a painful burn. Over the long term, it causes premature aging of the skin and new skin cancer cases each year.
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Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)
1. Sun protection
Classification of Sunscreen And SPF
Shivam Pharmaceutical Studies and
Research Centre, Anand
Prepared by:
Rahul Kushwaha
2. Introduction
In the past, sun exposure was thought to be a healthy benefit of
outdoor activity
Overexposure to sunlight is widely accepted as the underlying cause
for harmful effects on the skin, eye and immune system
Sun protection is essential to skin cancer prevention - about 90
percent of non-melanoma skin cancers and about 86 percent of
melanomas are associated with exposure to UV radiation from the
sun.
3. Sunlight reaching the surface of the earth contains:
✓ Visible rays
✓ Ultra-violet rays
✓ Infra-red rays
UV Rays (particularly wave-length below 320mu) are responsible
for most of the therapeutic as well as noxious effects that we
attribute to sun-light.
4. SKIN-DAMAGE
The UV Spectrum is broken into three parts:
✓ Very High Energy (UVC)
✓ High Energy (UVB)
✓ Low Energy (UVA)
Visible and IR radiation don't harm the skin.
5. SKIN-DAMAGE
Very High Energy Radiation (UVC) is
currently blocked by the ozone layer.
High Energy Radiation (UVB) does the more
immediate damage.
But Lower Energy Radiation (UVA) can
penetrate deeper into the skin, leading to
longterm damage.
6. Sun Radiation Summary
Radiation
Type
Characteristic Wavelength (λ) Effects on Human Skin Visible to Human Eye?
UVC ~ 200-290 nm (Short-wave UV) DNA Damage NO
UVB ~ 290-320 nm (Mid-range UV)
Sunburn
DNA Damage
Skin Cancer
NO
UVA ~ 320-400 nm (Long-wave UV)
Tanning
Skin Aging
DNA Damage
Skin Cancer
NO
Vis ~ 400-800 nm None Currently Known YES
IR ~ 800-120,000 nm Heat Sensation (high λ IR) NO
7. SUNSCREEN
Definition:
Sunscreen (also known as sunblock or suntan lotion is a lotion,
spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects the
sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protects the skin.
8. IDEAL SUN-SCREEN CHARACTERS:
Absorb light preferentially over the range of 280 - 320mu.
Resistance to water
Preferably odorless, if mild odor: accepted by user.
Be non-toxic, non-irritant, non- sensitizing
Capable of retaining sunscreening property for several hours
Not be rapidly absorbed
Be rapidly soluble in suitable vehicles.
SUNSCREEN
9. Classification of Sun screen
Depending on the mode of action, sunscreens can be classified into:
1) Physical sunscreens (those that reflect the sunlight)
2) Chemical sunscreens (those that absorb the UV light).
Physical
Opaque formulations containing:
titanium dioxide
talc, kaolin
zinc oxide
ferric chloride
Icthyol, red petrolatum
Mechanism: scatters or reflects UV radiation due to large particle
size
10. Classification of Sun screen
Chemical
Formulations containing one or more:
PABA, PABA esters
benzophenones
cinnamates
salicylates
digalloyl trioleate
anthranilates
Mechanism: absorbs UV radiation
11. SUNSCREEN AGENTS
PABA(Para-amino benzoic acid)
Very effective in the UVB range (200-320 nm)
Most effective in conc. of 5% in 70% ethanol
Maximum benefit when applied 60 minutes prior to exposure
Contact dermatitis can develop. May stain clothin
May stain clothing
PABA Esters (Padimate A, Padimate O, Glyceryl PABA)
Also very effective in UVB range (280-320)
Most effective in conc. 2.5-8% in 65% alcohol
Less staining
12. SUNSCREEN AGENTS
Benzophenones (oxybenzone, dioxybenzone, sulisobensone)
Slightly less effective than PABA
Absorbs from 250-400 nm spectrum (i.e, UVA & UVB).
Combined with PABA or PABA ester improves penetration
Beneficial in preventing photosensitivity reactions
13. SUNSCREEN AGENTS
Cinnamates and Salicylates
Minimally effective, absorb UVB spectrum.
Generally used in combination with one of the above
Anthranilates
Minimally effective, absorbs UVA spectrum 250-322 nm.
Usually combined with UVB agent to broaden spectrum.
14. Sun Protection Factor
The term "sun protection factor" was adopted by the FDA to
describe the effectiveness of Sunscreens.
SPF is a measure of how much solar energy (UV radiation) is
required to produce sunburn on protected skin
(i.e., in the presence of sunscreen) relative to the amount of solar
energy required to produce sunburn on unprotected skin.
As the SPF value increases, sunburn protection increases.
SPFdefined as the UV energy required in producing a minimal
erythemal dose (MED) on protected skin, divided by the UV energy
required to produce a MED on unprotected skin
15. SPF =
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑛−𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛
Broad-spectrum sunscreen gel can protect your skin
Sunburn
Suntan
Photo-aging
Dull complexion
Skin inflammation and Skin Cancer (more severe cases)
Sunscreens have a number written as Sun Protection Factor, i.e. SPF 15,
20, 30 or 50 on the pack
16. Protection level SPF value
Low protection 6,10
Medium protection 15,20,25
High protection 30,40
Very high protection 50+
Sun protection factor classification
17. When to re-apply the sunscreen
SPF Tab SPF/time to re-apply the sunscreen
[approx]
15 After 1 hour
30 After 2 hour
50 After 4 hour
70 After 6 hour
If you are exposed to sun
and pollution for longer
duration then you need to
re-apply your sunscreen.
SPF wise re-applying time is
mentioned in the table:
