1) Creams are semisolid emulsions containing mixtures of oil and water. Vanishing creams (o/w emulsions) disappear when applied and rubbed onto the skin, providing emollient and protective action through a non-greasy residual film.
2) Ideal properties of vanishing cream include having a high melting point, being pure white in color, possessing a slight odor, and containing a low amount of iodine.
3) Vanishing creams are prepared by melting stearic acid and adding a solution of alkalis and glycerin. The mixture is stirred as it cools to 40°C, then perfume is added and the batch is left undisturbed before
Cold creams are oil-in-water emulsions used to smooth skin and remove makeup. They produce a cooling effect due to the slow evaporation of water. Common ingredients include beeswax, mineral oils, and scents. Cold creams were traditionally made from animal fats but now use vegetable and mineral oils. When applied, the emulsion inverts from oil-in-water to water-in-oil. Cleansing creams are similar but contain detergents to clean the skin by removing dirt, oil, and dead cells in addition to makeup. Vanishing creams are oil-in-water emulsions that leave a thin, almost invisible layer of stearic acid on the skin.
Cold cream , vanishing cream , IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS , MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS , FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM , IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM , INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM , FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
This document summarizes information about shampoos, including their introduction, requirements, classifications, types, mechanisms, compositions, formulations, evaluations, containers, specific examples, and references. Shampoos are preparations that use surfactants to remove dirt, grease, and debris from hair without harming the scalp. They are generally classified based on their base as soap-based or detergent-based shampoos. Common types include liquid, powder, lotion, cream, and aerosol shampoos. Shampoos are formulated with surfactants, conditioning agents, thickeners, preservatives, and other components to cleanse and condition hair while meeting various evaluation criteria.
Preparation and formulation of shampoos Dheeraj Saini
This document discusses the formulation and preparation of shampoo. It defines shampoo as a hair care product used to remove oils, dirt, and other contaminants from hair without damaging it. The key components of shampoo include water, surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, thickeners, preservatives, conditioning agents, and fragrances. Anionic surfactants are primarily used for their good foaming properties. The document outlines the manufacturing process and ideal properties of shampoo, and methods for evaluating shampoo performance characteristics such as foam production, cleaning ability, and conditioning effects.
This document summarizes formulations for various cosmetic preparations including lipsticks, shampoos, cold cream, vanishing cream, toothpastes, hair dyes, and sunscreens. It provides information on the definition, key ingredients, preparation methods, and evaluation of these products. The main formulations covered are lipsticks, shampoos, cold cream, and toothpastes. It also briefly discusses packaging materials science and factors that influence the choice of packaging for pharmaceutical products.
This document provides information about formulating and evaluating shampoos. It discusses the key ingredients in shampoo like surfactants and additives. Various shampoo formulations are presented, including liquid, lotion, cream, jelly, aerosol and specialized formulations. Methods for evaluating shampoos are outlined, focusing on foam and foam stability, detergency, rinsing, conditioning action, and microbiological assays. The document serves as a guide for formulating different types of shampoos and assessing their performance.
1) Creams are semisolid emulsions containing mixtures of oil and water. Vanishing creams (o/w emulsions) disappear when applied and rubbed onto the skin, providing emollient and protective action through a non-greasy residual film.
2) Ideal properties of vanishing cream include having a high melting point, being pure white in color, possessing a slight odor, and containing a low amount of iodine.
3) Vanishing creams are prepared by melting stearic acid and adding a solution of alkalis and glycerin. The mixture is stirred as it cools to 40°C, then perfume is added and the batch is left undisturbed before
Cold creams are oil-in-water emulsions used to smooth skin and remove makeup. They produce a cooling effect due to the slow evaporation of water. Common ingredients include beeswax, mineral oils, and scents. Cold creams were traditionally made from animal fats but now use vegetable and mineral oils. When applied, the emulsion inverts from oil-in-water to water-in-oil. Cleansing creams are similar but contain detergents to clean the skin by removing dirt, oil, and dead cells in addition to makeup. Vanishing creams are oil-in-water emulsions that leave a thin, almost invisible layer of stearic acid on the skin.
Cold cream , vanishing cream , IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS , MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS , FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM , IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM , INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM , FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
This document summarizes information about shampoos, including their introduction, requirements, classifications, types, mechanisms, compositions, formulations, evaluations, containers, specific examples, and references. Shampoos are preparations that use surfactants to remove dirt, grease, and debris from hair without harming the scalp. They are generally classified based on their base as soap-based or detergent-based shampoos. Common types include liquid, powder, lotion, cream, and aerosol shampoos. Shampoos are formulated with surfactants, conditioning agents, thickeners, preservatives, and other components to cleanse and condition hair while meeting various evaluation criteria.
Preparation and formulation of shampoos Dheeraj Saini
This document discusses the formulation and preparation of shampoo. It defines shampoo as a hair care product used to remove oils, dirt, and other contaminants from hair without damaging it. The key components of shampoo include water, surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, thickeners, preservatives, conditioning agents, and fragrances. Anionic surfactants are primarily used for their good foaming properties. The document outlines the manufacturing process and ideal properties of shampoo, and methods for evaluating shampoo performance characteristics such as foam production, cleaning ability, and conditioning effects.
This document summarizes formulations for various cosmetic preparations including lipsticks, shampoos, cold cream, vanishing cream, toothpastes, hair dyes, and sunscreens. It provides information on the definition, key ingredients, preparation methods, and evaluation of these products. The main formulations covered are lipsticks, shampoos, cold cream, and toothpastes. It also briefly discusses packaging materials science and factors that influence the choice of packaging for pharmaceutical products.
This document provides information about formulating and evaluating shampoos. It discusses the key ingredients in shampoo like surfactants and additives. Various shampoo formulations are presented, including liquid, lotion, cream, jelly, aerosol and specialized formulations. Methods for evaluating shampoos are outlined, focusing on foam and foam stability, detergency, rinsing, conditioning action, and microbiological assays. The document serves as a guide for formulating different types of shampoos and assessing their performance.
Cold Cream & Vanishing Cream Assignement (Industrial Pharmacy)RAHUL PAL
Cold creams are oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions used to provide smoothness to the skin and remove makeup. They should have low sensitization, be elegant, non-dehydrating, non-greasy, non-staining, and miscible with skin secretions. A typical cold cream contains beeswax, mineral oil, water, and borax. It is prepared by melting the beeswax and mixing it with the oils, then slowly adding the aqueous solution containing water and borax with stirring.
Vanishing creams, also known as day creams, provide emollient and protective effects. They are used to hold powder and improve adhesion. A vanishing cream
This document discusses the formulation and manufacturing process of lipsticks. It begins by introducing lipsticks and their ideal properties. The main raw materials used are waxes, oils, pigments, alcohol, and preservatives. The manufacturing process involves color grinding, melting and mixing the ingredients, molding the mixture into tubes, and packaging. Common defects associated with formulation or molding are also outlined. A sample lipstick formulation is provided along with evaluation methods and references.
This document provides a history and overview of hair dyes. It discusses how ancient Egyptians were the first to color hair using plant-based dyes like henna, chamomile, and sage. In the late 1800s, the first chemical hair dye was developed using paraphenlylenediamine. The document outlines the key ingredients in temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent hair dyes and describes the manufacturing process which involves checking ingredients, weighing, pre-mixing, mixing, and packaging. It also discusses evaluating hair dyes through sensitization testing and assessing their effects on hair and developers. Popular commercial hair dye brands are then listed.
This document provides information on various types of cosmetics including their definitions, classifications, formulations, and key ingredients. It begins by defining cosmetics and their classification according to use, function, and physical nature. Examples of specific cosmetic products are then described such as lipsticks, shampoos, cold creams, toothpastes, hair dyes, and sunscreens. Ideal properties and sample formulations are also provided for some of these cosmetic types. The document concludes by listing references used.
Preparation and formulation of sunscreenDheeraj Saini
The document discusses the formulation and preparation of sunscreen. It begins by defining sunscreens as cosmetic preparations that protect skin from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It describes the different types of UV rays and their effects. An ideal sunscreen would provide broad spectrum protection, be non-irritating, economical, hypoallergenic, and non-comedogenic. Sunscreens can be physical or chemical, using ingredients like zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and various organic compounds. The document outlines the process for formulating different types of sunscreens like lotions, creams, and gels using appropriate sunscreen agents, bases, emulsifiers, and other additives. It concludes with storage recommendations and references.
This document discusses shampoo, including its definition, functions, composition, types, manufacturing factors, and evaluation. Shampoo is used to remove oils, dirt, and other contaminants from hair. The key components are surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate that provide cleansing properties. Other common ingredients include preservatives, conditioning agents, thickeners, fragrances, and pH adjusters. Various types of shampoo are discussed such as powder, liquid, oil, medicated, baby, and herbal varieties. Manufacturing considers safety, lathering, and ease of use. Shampoo is evaluated based on parameters like pH, foaming ability, viscosity, dirt removal, and effects on skin
This document discusses the formulation of toothpaste. It begins by outlining the requirements and purposes of toothpaste, which include cleaning teeth, polishing teeth, and reducing tooth decay. It then describes the main ingredients in toothpaste, such as cleaning agents, surfactants, humectants, sweetening agents, flavors, and pH regulators. Example ingredients and their functions are provided. The document also presents formulations for different types of toothpaste, such as anti-cavity and whitening toothpastes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene habits like brushing, flossing, and using fluoride to maintain oral health and minimize problems.
Power point presentation on cold cream an vanishing creamManish Kumar Singh
This document provides information about cold cream and vanishing cream. It discusses their differences, with cold cream leaving a cooling effect and being a water-in-oil emulsion, while vanishing cream does not leave a trace and is an oil-in-water emulsion. The document outlines the ingredients and production processes of both creams and describes their historical uses. Potential side effects are also mentioned.
Industrial production, estimation and utilization of phytoconstituentsMahewash Sana Pathan
The document discusses the industrial production, estimation, and utilization of several phytoconstituents including forskolin, sennosides, artemisinin, diosgenin, digoxin, atropine, podophyllotoxin, caffeine, taxol, vincristine, and vinblastine. For each phytoconstituent, it describes the biological source, extraction and purification methods for industrial production, analytical techniques for estimation, and applications for utilization.
A comprehensive interpretation of pellets based on their definitions, advantages, disadvantages, mechanism of pellet formation and growth, pelletization techniques, formulation requirements, and the equipment system for manufacture of pellets.
The document discusses the formulation and evaluation of shampoo. It defines shampoo and lists its key requirements. The main types and ingredients of shampoos are described, including various surfactants and additives. Methods for evaluating shampoos are outlined, such as tests for foam properties, detergency, conditioning effects, and irritancy. Key parameters include foam volume and stability, cleaning ability, and effects on hair softness, luster and manageability. Microbiological and eye irritation tests are also summarized.
Liquid oral topic in Industrial Pharmacy contains many topics like solution, elixirs, syrups, emulsion, and suspension. This topic includes general introduction, types, formulation, components, uses, and Quality control tests. These are also beneficial in other subjects like Pharmaceutics.
Pharmaceutical aerosols are therapeutic active ingredients packaged in a pressurized system. They have advantages like direct delivery to affected areas without contamination. Aerosols consist of a propellant, container, valve, and product concentrate. Common propellants include hydrocarbons and gases. Containers must withstand high pressure and are often metal or glass. Valves meter doses and come in types like spray or foam. Formulations contain an active ingredient and propellant to achieve desired properties. Quality is ensured through testing of components, dosage, leakage and other parameters.
Shampoo is a surfactant-based preparation that cleans the hair and scalp without damage. An ideal shampoo removes dirt effectively, produces foam, imparts a pleasant scent, and leaves hair soft and manageable. Shampoos are classified based on appearance, function, and ingredients. They undergo quality testing to ensure proper foaming, cleansing, and lack of irritation. The document discusses the components, formulation, and testing of shampoos.
The document discusses herbal cosmetics and provides details about various herbal ingredients used in cosmetics. It defines herbal cosmetics and categorizes them based on the body part they are applied to. Examples of commonly used herbal ingredients in hair care cosmetics like shampoos and conditioners are provided, such as amla, reetha, henna. The chemical constituents and uses of amla and henna are also summarized. The document provides formulations for herbal lime shampoo and highlights the benefits of various herbal ingredients.
The document discusses preformulation studies, which involve characterizing the physical and chemical properties of a drug substance before developing a dosage form. The goals are to generate stability-indicating parameters and select an appropriate dosage form. Key topics covered include the physical properties tested (such as solubility, polymorphism, particle size), chemical degradation pathways (such as hydrolysis, oxidation), and how these properties influence dosage form design and drug performance. Understanding a drug's preformulation behavior is critical for developing a safe, effective, and stable drug product.
lipstick formulation
history of lipstick
definition
ideal properties
composition of lipsticks
ingredients used in lipsticks
method of preparation
manufacturing process of lipsticks
labeling and packaging
defects in lipsticks
evaluation test of lipsticks
medicated lipsticks
microbial testing
advantages of lipsticks
Hair dye works by changing the color of hair through the use of chemical dyes. There are several types of hair dyes including temporary, semi-permanent, demi-permanent, and permanent dyes. Temporary dyes wash out easily while permanent dyes result in longer lasting color changes by penetrating into the hair shaft. The document discusses the structure of hair, how different types of dyes work to change hair color, and provides examples of formulations for various hair dye types.
Shampoo
Human Hair Structure
Introduction
Shampoo is a hair care product that is used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair.
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Functions of Shampoo
Classification
Classification
Based on Appearance:
Powder Shampoos
Liquid Shampoos or Lotion
Gel Shampoos or Solid Cream
Classification
Classification
II. Based on Use or Function:
Conditioning Shampoos
Antidandruff and Therapeutic
Baby
Balancing
Clarifying
Classification
III. Based on Origin:
Compositions
Shampoos are typically composed of 10 to 30 ingredients.
Several types of ingredients are particularly important, including “Surfactants" that aid in cleansing and lathering.
“Conditioners" and “Active ingredients" that affect the hair and scalp.
“Additives" that stabilize the product.
Compositions
Compositions
Compositions
Compositions
Manufacturing Process
Some pearlising agents are waxy solids at ambient temperature and require melting in a drum oven or similar before use.
Demineralised water is most commonly used in order to minimise contamination of the product.
No further processing is required after blending, and the product may be packed off directly from the mixing vessel.
Manufacturing Process
For preparing liquid shampoo,
Triethanalamine lauvyl sulfate,
stearic acid are heated to about 650C.
Water & preservatives are also heated to 650C.
Both the solutions are mixed together and then cooled.
Perfumes are added after that. The shampoo thus prepared is bottled by automatic bottle filling machine.
Quality Control Tests
a)Foam Stability
Cylinder shake method was used for determining foaming ability.
50ml of the 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250ml graduated cylinder and cover the cylinder with hand and shaken for 10 times. The total volumes of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking were recorded. The foam volume was calculated. Foam should retain for atleast 5mins.
Foam Stability = V2-V1
Quality Control Tests
b)Skin – irritation Test:
Draize test in Rabbits where a patch test technique is used on the intact skin of Albino Rabbits.
A set of 6Rabbits used for testing each material.
Shampoos should be tested only for a short duration thatis,not more than(NMT)4hours as these products come in contact with skin only for a short duration.
These preparations are diluted between concentrations of 8 to 10%.
Quality Control Tests
c)Wetting Action:
Canvas disk is used, is one inch in diameter is floated on the surface of a solution and the time required for it to sink is measured accurately.
Quality Control Tests
d)Viscosity:
Is determined using Brookefield Viscometer.
100ml of shampoo is taken in a beaker and spindle is dipped in it for about 5min and then reading is taken.
Quality Control
Permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary hair dyes work through different chemical processes to change hair color. Permanent dyes use oxidative dyes to permanently change the color by penetrating the hair shaft. They contain chemicals like PPD and ammonia which can cause skin and respiratory irritation. Temporary dyes form a coating on hair that washes out and are generally safer but do not penetrate the hair. Both types aim to match, lighten or cover gray hair but permanent dyes carry more health risks like potential skin discoloration or hair damage from the chemicals used.
Hair dyeing involves using chemicals to change hair color for cosmetic reasons like covering gray hair or changing to a more fashionable shade. The first safe commercial hair dye was created in 1909 using paraphenylenediamine. Hair color depends on levels of eumelanin and pheomelanin proteins. People have long used plants and minerals for natural dyes, though modern formulations are more effective. Permanent dyes use ammonia and peroxide to open hair cuticles and deposit color deep inside hair shafts. Demi-permanent and semi-permanent dyes deposit color more lightly on the surface. Temporary dyes only coat hair externally and wash out after one shampoo.
Cold Cream & Vanishing Cream Assignement (Industrial Pharmacy)RAHUL PAL
Cold creams are oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions used to provide smoothness to the skin and remove makeup. They should have low sensitization, be elegant, non-dehydrating, non-greasy, non-staining, and miscible with skin secretions. A typical cold cream contains beeswax, mineral oil, water, and borax. It is prepared by melting the beeswax and mixing it with the oils, then slowly adding the aqueous solution containing water and borax with stirring.
Vanishing creams, also known as day creams, provide emollient and protective effects. They are used to hold powder and improve adhesion. A vanishing cream
This document discusses the formulation and manufacturing process of lipsticks. It begins by introducing lipsticks and their ideal properties. The main raw materials used are waxes, oils, pigments, alcohol, and preservatives. The manufacturing process involves color grinding, melting and mixing the ingredients, molding the mixture into tubes, and packaging. Common defects associated with formulation or molding are also outlined. A sample lipstick formulation is provided along with evaluation methods and references.
This document provides a history and overview of hair dyes. It discusses how ancient Egyptians were the first to color hair using plant-based dyes like henna, chamomile, and sage. In the late 1800s, the first chemical hair dye was developed using paraphenlylenediamine. The document outlines the key ingredients in temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent hair dyes and describes the manufacturing process which involves checking ingredients, weighing, pre-mixing, mixing, and packaging. It also discusses evaluating hair dyes through sensitization testing and assessing their effects on hair and developers. Popular commercial hair dye brands are then listed.
This document provides information on various types of cosmetics including their definitions, classifications, formulations, and key ingredients. It begins by defining cosmetics and their classification according to use, function, and physical nature. Examples of specific cosmetic products are then described such as lipsticks, shampoos, cold creams, toothpastes, hair dyes, and sunscreens. Ideal properties and sample formulations are also provided for some of these cosmetic types. The document concludes by listing references used.
Preparation and formulation of sunscreenDheeraj Saini
The document discusses the formulation and preparation of sunscreen. It begins by defining sunscreens as cosmetic preparations that protect skin from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It describes the different types of UV rays and their effects. An ideal sunscreen would provide broad spectrum protection, be non-irritating, economical, hypoallergenic, and non-comedogenic. Sunscreens can be physical or chemical, using ingredients like zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and various organic compounds. The document outlines the process for formulating different types of sunscreens like lotions, creams, and gels using appropriate sunscreen agents, bases, emulsifiers, and other additives. It concludes with storage recommendations and references.
This document discusses shampoo, including its definition, functions, composition, types, manufacturing factors, and evaluation. Shampoo is used to remove oils, dirt, and other contaminants from hair. The key components are surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate that provide cleansing properties. Other common ingredients include preservatives, conditioning agents, thickeners, fragrances, and pH adjusters. Various types of shampoo are discussed such as powder, liquid, oil, medicated, baby, and herbal varieties. Manufacturing considers safety, lathering, and ease of use. Shampoo is evaluated based on parameters like pH, foaming ability, viscosity, dirt removal, and effects on skin
This document discusses the formulation of toothpaste. It begins by outlining the requirements and purposes of toothpaste, which include cleaning teeth, polishing teeth, and reducing tooth decay. It then describes the main ingredients in toothpaste, such as cleaning agents, surfactants, humectants, sweetening agents, flavors, and pH regulators. Example ingredients and their functions are provided. The document also presents formulations for different types of toothpaste, such as anti-cavity and whitening toothpastes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene habits like brushing, flossing, and using fluoride to maintain oral health and minimize problems.
Power point presentation on cold cream an vanishing creamManish Kumar Singh
This document provides information about cold cream and vanishing cream. It discusses their differences, with cold cream leaving a cooling effect and being a water-in-oil emulsion, while vanishing cream does not leave a trace and is an oil-in-water emulsion. The document outlines the ingredients and production processes of both creams and describes their historical uses. Potential side effects are also mentioned.
Industrial production, estimation and utilization of phytoconstituentsMahewash Sana Pathan
The document discusses the industrial production, estimation, and utilization of several phytoconstituents including forskolin, sennosides, artemisinin, diosgenin, digoxin, atropine, podophyllotoxin, caffeine, taxol, vincristine, and vinblastine. For each phytoconstituent, it describes the biological source, extraction and purification methods for industrial production, analytical techniques for estimation, and applications for utilization.
A comprehensive interpretation of pellets based on their definitions, advantages, disadvantages, mechanism of pellet formation and growth, pelletization techniques, formulation requirements, and the equipment system for manufacture of pellets.
The document discusses the formulation and evaluation of shampoo. It defines shampoo and lists its key requirements. The main types and ingredients of shampoos are described, including various surfactants and additives. Methods for evaluating shampoos are outlined, such as tests for foam properties, detergency, conditioning effects, and irritancy. Key parameters include foam volume and stability, cleaning ability, and effects on hair softness, luster and manageability. Microbiological and eye irritation tests are also summarized.
Liquid oral topic in Industrial Pharmacy contains many topics like solution, elixirs, syrups, emulsion, and suspension. This topic includes general introduction, types, formulation, components, uses, and Quality control tests. These are also beneficial in other subjects like Pharmaceutics.
Pharmaceutical aerosols are therapeutic active ingredients packaged in a pressurized system. They have advantages like direct delivery to affected areas without contamination. Aerosols consist of a propellant, container, valve, and product concentrate. Common propellants include hydrocarbons and gases. Containers must withstand high pressure and are often metal or glass. Valves meter doses and come in types like spray or foam. Formulations contain an active ingredient and propellant to achieve desired properties. Quality is ensured through testing of components, dosage, leakage and other parameters.
Shampoo is a surfactant-based preparation that cleans the hair and scalp without damage. An ideal shampoo removes dirt effectively, produces foam, imparts a pleasant scent, and leaves hair soft and manageable. Shampoos are classified based on appearance, function, and ingredients. They undergo quality testing to ensure proper foaming, cleansing, and lack of irritation. The document discusses the components, formulation, and testing of shampoos.
The document discusses herbal cosmetics and provides details about various herbal ingredients used in cosmetics. It defines herbal cosmetics and categorizes them based on the body part they are applied to. Examples of commonly used herbal ingredients in hair care cosmetics like shampoos and conditioners are provided, such as amla, reetha, henna. The chemical constituents and uses of amla and henna are also summarized. The document provides formulations for herbal lime shampoo and highlights the benefits of various herbal ingredients.
The document discusses preformulation studies, which involve characterizing the physical and chemical properties of a drug substance before developing a dosage form. The goals are to generate stability-indicating parameters and select an appropriate dosage form. Key topics covered include the physical properties tested (such as solubility, polymorphism, particle size), chemical degradation pathways (such as hydrolysis, oxidation), and how these properties influence dosage form design and drug performance. Understanding a drug's preformulation behavior is critical for developing a safe, effective, and stable drug product.
lipstick formulation
history of lipstick
definition
ideal properties
composition of lipsticks
ingredients used in lipsticks
method of preparation
manufacturing process of lipsticks
labeling and packaging
defects in lipsticks
evaluation test of lipsticks
medicated lipsticks
microbial testing
advantages of lipsticks
Hair dye works by changing the color of hair through the use of chemical dyes. There are several types of hair dyes including temporary, semi-permanent, demi-permanent, and permanent dyes. Temporary dyes wash out easily while permanent dyes result in longer lasting color changes by penetrating into the hair shaft. The document discusses the structure of hair, how different types of dyes work to change hair color, and provides examples of formulations for various hair dye types.
Shampoo
Human Hair Structure
Introduction
Shampoo is a hair care product that is used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair.
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Functions of Shampoo
Classification
Classification
Based on Appearance:
Powder Shampoos
Liquid Shampoos or Lotion
Gel Shampoos or Solid Cream
Classification
Classification
II. Based on Use or Function:
Conditioning Shampoos
Antidandruff and Therapeutic
Baby
Balancing
Clarifying
Classification
III. Based on Origin:
Compositions
Shampoos are typically composed of 10 to 30 ingredients.
Several types of ingredients are particularly important, including “Surfactants" that aid in cleansing and lathering.
“Conditioners" and “Active ingredients" that affect the hair and scalp.
“Additives" that stabilize the product.
Compositions
Compositions
Compositions
Compositions
Manufacturing Process
Some pearlising agents are waxy solids at ambient temperature and require melting in a drum oven or similar before use.
Demineralised water is most commonly used in order to minimise contamination of the product.
No further processing is required after blending, and the product may be packed off directly from the mixing vessel.
Manufacturing Process
For preparing liquid shampoo,
Triethanalamine lauvyl sulfate,
stearic acid are heated to about 650C.
Water & preservatives are also heated to 650C.
Both the solutions are mixed together and then cooled.
Perfumes are added after that. The shampoo thus prepared is bottled by automatic bottle filling machine.
Quality Control Tests
a)Foam Stability
Cylinder shake method was used for determining foaming ability.
50ml of the 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250ml graduated cylinder and cover the cylinder with hand and shaken for 10 times. The total volumes of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking were recorded. The foam volume was calculated. Foam should retain for atleast 5mins.
Foam Stability = V2-V1
Quality Control Tests
b)Skin – irritation Test:
Draize test in Rabbits where a patch test technique is used on the intact skin of Albino Rabbits.
A set of 6Rabbits used for testing each material.
Shampoos should be tested only for a short duration thatis,not more than(NMT)4hours as these products come in contact with skin only for a short duration.
These preparations are diluted between concentrations of 8 to 10%.
Quality Control Tests
c)Wetting Action:
Canvas disk is used, is one inch in diameter is floated on the surface of a solution and the time required for it to sink is measured accurately.
Quality Control Tests
d)Viscosity:
Is determined using Brookefield Viscometer.
100ml of shampoo is taken in a beaker and spindle is dipped in it for about 5min and then reading is taken.
Quality Control
Permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary hair dyes work through different chemical processes to change hair color. Permanent dyes use oxidative dyes to permanently change the color by penetrating the hair shaft. They contain chemicals like PPD and ammonia which can cause skin and respiratory irritation. Temporary dyes form a coating on hair that washes out and are generally safer but do not penetrate the hair. Both types aim to match, lighten or cover gray hair but permanent dyes carry more health risks like potential skin discoloration or hair damage from the chemicals used.
Hair dyeing involves using chemicals to change hair color for cosmetic reasons like covering gray hair or changing to a more fashionable shade. The first safe commercial hair dye was created in 1909 using paraphenylenediamine. Hair color depends on levels of eumelanin and pheomelanin proteins. People have long used plants and minerals for natural dyes, though modern formulations are more effective. Permanent dyes use ammonia and peroxide to open hair cuticles and deposit color deep inside hair shafts. Demi-permanent and semi-permanent dyes deposit color more lightly on the surface. Temporary dyes only coat hair externally and wash out after one shampoo.
The document discusses different types of hair colorants including temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent dyes. It describes the ideal qualities of hair dyes such as being non-toxic, imparting stable color, and having a reasonable shelf life. Formulas and descriptions are provided for various hair dye products like powders, lotions, crayons, and liquid dyes that use ingredients like dyestuffs, acids, waxes, and surfactants.
Permanent, semi-permanent, demi-permanent, and temporary are the main types of hair coloring. Permanent hair coloring uses oxidation dyes that chemically bond to hair and last until new hair growth occurs. Semi-permanent coloring lasts several washes through weaker bonding. Demi-permanent coloring uses lower developer concentrations for a color between permanent and semi-permanent. Temporary coloring only deposits pigment on the hair surface and washes out after one wash.
Hair coloring involves treating hair with chemical compounds to change its color. Ancient peoples used plant dyes but modern dyes are synthetic. There are temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent hair dyes. Temporary dyes wash out in one shampoo while semi-permanent dyes last 6-8 washes. Permanent dyes use oxidation to chemically bond color into the hair shaft. Bleaches lighten hair by destroying melanin using oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide. Proper formulation ensures dyes and bleaches do not damage hair.
Hair dye can change the color of hair through temporary, semi-permanent, demi-permanent, or permanent methods. Temporary dyes coat the hair shaft but wash out easily. Semi-permanent dyes penetrate slightly and last a few washes. Demi-permanent dyes use low-level peroxide to deposit dye inside the hair without lifting color. Permanent dyes use higher peroxide levels to both lift and deposit dye, permanently changing hair color and structure. Common ingredients like paraphenylenediamine (PPD) can cause allergic reactions or toxicity if misused or ingested.
Hair cosmetics include hair tonics, oils, conditioners, removers, dyes, and shaving preparations. Hair conditioners improve hair texture and damage. They contain moisturizers, reconstructors, detanglers, and other ingredients. Hair removers work chemically or mechanically to degrade or remove hairs. Depilatories contain ingredients like sulphides or thioglycolates that break hair bonds. Shaving preparations soften beards and lubricate skin before shaving and cool and refresh skin after. Hair dyes use ingredients like dyes, alkalizers, and antioxidants to temporarily, semi-permanently, or permanently color hair. Formulations are evaluated for
Hair cosmetics include tonics, oils, removers, colorants, and shaving preparations. Hair tonics contain alcohol, glycerin, vitamins, and stimulants like capsicum. Hair conditioners moisturize and reconstruct hair using proteins, oils, and cationic surfactants. Hair removers are depilatories containing sulphides or thioglycolates, or epilatories involving plucking. Hair dyes are temporary, semi-permanent containing nitro compounds, or permanent using vegetable or metal salts. Shaving preparations lubricate before and soothe skin after shaving with talc, alcohol, and antiseptics.
Chemistry and formulation of para phenylenediamine based hair dye.ruchisuryawanshi1234
Para phenylenediamine is the chemical substance mostly used in preparation of permanent hair dye products.
Para phenylenediamine interact with penetrating the cuticle and bonding with the hair protein.
Safety considerations while using PPD hair dye.
This document provides information on various colour correction techniques including:
- Pre-pigmentation to replace lost pigments before recolouring lightened hair.
- Pre-softening resistant white hair to allow colour molecules to deposit more evenly.
- Using a toner to neutralize unwanted tones in hair after colouring or lightening.
- Addressing colour banding by treating each band separately using methods like lifting, pre-pigmenting or recolouring sections to achieve an even result.
The key aspects of various colour correction methods like pre-pigmentation, bleaching, toning and removing colour are outlined along with the importance of understanding hair structure and colour theory. Diagrams and step
Organic color systems hair color technical manuall 2011Scott Mitchell
This document provides information about Organic Color Systems hair coloring products, including:
- The ingredients and functions of the color gels, activators, and other products. Key ingredients are derived from natural sources like plants, fruits, and coconut.
- Descriptions of the different color ranges from 1-10 that provide tones from blue to yellow. Additional ranges include ash, silver ash, gold, copper, and red shades.
- Guidance on application methods for different hair types and goals, such as covering gray, matching roots to ends, or using colors as toners on pre-lightened hair.
- Quick references and step-by-step guides are also included to help technicians properly use
This document provides an overview of hair dyes and their history, ingredients, manufacturing process, and testing. Some key points:
- Early cultures used plant-based materials like henna, chamomile, and sage to color hair. In the late 1800s, the first chemical hair dye was developed using paraphenlylenediamine.
- Hair dyes include dye chemicals, modifiers, alkalizers, antioxidants, and other ingredients. Dyes are classified as temporary, semi-permanent, or permanent depending on how long they last.
- The manufacturing process involves checking ingredients, weighing, mixing, and filling. Quality is ensured through testing hair dye effects on skin/hair and
This document discusses herbal cosmetics, including their advantages and ingredients. It provides examples of herbal hair care products like oils, lotions, shampoos and hair dyes. Specific formulations are given for a coconut oil shampoo and hair conditioner. The document emphasizes that herbal cosmetics are safe, effective alternatives to synthetic products since they are natural and have fewer side effects. Key herbs mentioned that are beneficial for hair and skin include aloe vera, brahmi, orange and lemon peel, shikakai, bhringraj and henna.
This document provides learning objectives and information about haircoloring. It begins by listing reasons people color their hair and factors that affect haircolor results like porosity and melanin. It describes the level system, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, tone, intensity, and categories of haircolor. It explains the role of hydrogen peroxide and how lighteners work. It provides steps for haircolor formulation, application, and special techniques like highlighting. The document is a thorough overview of haircoloring fundamentals and procedures.
This document discusses herbal cosmetics, specifically focusing on hair conditioners and hair dyes. It defines hair and some common hair diseases. It also classifies cosmetics and describes ideal properties and evaluation tests for hair conditioners and dyes. Two herbal hair conditioner formulations are provided using ingredients like jojoba oil, rosemary, and birch sap. A natural hair dye formulation using plants like henna and a commercial herbal hair dye product are also described. The document concludes by defining hair shampoo and its purpose of removing grease and dirt from hair.
This document reviews and summarizes 5 of the best hair dyes on the market. It discusses factors considered like chemical composition, color lasting period, negative impacts, color shades, ease of use, and lasting period. The top hair dyes highlighted include L'Oreal Paris Hair Color for its conditioning and vibrant color, Arctic Fox Hair Dye for its gentle formula with no ammonia or peroxide, and Garnier Hair Color for its variety of shades and natural oils. The review aims to help readers find a safe and long-lasting hair dye that suits their needs.
Hair colouring involves adding colour to natural hair to disguise grey hair or change its colour. There are three main types of hair colour: temporary colour washes out after one wash but is found in sprays and gels; semi-permanent colour lasts 6-8 washes as it slightly opens hair cuticles to allow some colour molecules in; and permanent colour uses hydrogen peroxide to activate colour molecules to form large coloured molecules trapped in the hair cortex, giving colour that lasts until new hair growth occurs.
The document discusses hair coloring products from various brands in India including Godrej, L'Oreal, and Garnier. It provides details on the characteristics, ingredients, price and distribution of hair dye products. The hair care market in India is categorized as an oligopoly dominated by a few major players. Hair coloring accounts for around 15% of the total hair care market in India, which has seen growth of 16.95% in recent years driven by increased disposable income and awareness of personal grooming. Godrej is the market leader in hair colorants due to its affordable pricing reaching mass consumers.
In this ppt you get information related to the shampoo Bar. Also many information related to Shampoo is available in this ppt. I hope this is useful to you.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
Formulation of hair dye.pptx
1. Formulation & Evaluation of Hair dye
Prepared & Presented by :- Avinash Borad
(202630290013)
Pinal Detroja (202630290008)
Sem-6 B. Pharm. Student
Guided by: Ms. Kajal Pradhan
Assistant Professor
Smt R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Rajkot
2. What is hair dye ?
The dyeing of hair is an ancient art that involves treatment of the hair with various
chemical compounds. In ancient times, the dyes were obtained from plants.
ancient Egyptians were some of the first known people to use hair dye applying
henna to cover gray hair.
An ideal hair dye should color the hair without imparing its natural texture and
gloss..
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3. Marketed product of hair dye
One of the oldest known pigments, henna is a red-orange dye
derived from the plant Lawsonia inermis, also known as the
henna tree. The leaves are dried and then crushed to form a
fine, dark-green powder. Usually mixed with varying liquids, the
paste leaves a rich copper color upon application on the hair or
skin
No ammonia hair color like Godrej Expert Rich Crème is
the best hair color in India. In fact, a color enriched with
natural ingredients should always be preferred as it
strengthens the hair. Godrej Expert Rich Crème hair cooler
has goodness of 10x aloe vera which makes the hair soft and
shiny.
This Henna Paste may give nice, rich, dark natural
color to already brown/black hair, but it does nothing
for your greys and if you still want .
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4. Type of hair dye
Hair dye are divided in three type
Hair dye
Temporary
Semi
permanent
Permanent
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5. 1.Temporary hair dye
This dye are containing of the surface of hair and their removing
using there one or more time wash with using of shampooing.
There are hair color are high molecular weight .
The temporary hair dye are acid dye these are low affinity and they
are removing by shampooing
Avalable form of hair dye in market :- (1)Shampoo
(2)Gel (3) Spray
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6. 2.Semi permanent hair color
There dye are permanent into the hair shaft but not a deeply as
permeant dye.
They should be smaller molecular weight then temporary hair dye.
There are semi permeant dye are do not wash out eassly but they
the washout the hair after about 5 – 10 time shampoo session.
There color are use in this case are direct dye of low molecular
weight & have a good affinity to hair certain.
Available form of hair dye in market :- (1)Lotion containing
surfactant
(2)shampoo
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7. 3.PERMENANTHAIRCOLOR
it permanently changes the color of your hair.
hen mixed with a developer, permanent hair dye opens the cuticles that
comprise the surface of the hair shaft and delivers dye deep inside. The
cuticle then reseals, preventing the color from escaping.
Permanent hair color will not fade away gradually so you will always see a
difference between the new growth and the colored hair.
Permanent color is used to lighten or darken hair; change the color of hair
and cover grey.
Permanent hair color lasts indefinitely because it permanently alters the
color structure of the hair.
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9. 2. Alkalizing agents: The alkalizing agents are added.
To increase the pH of the formulation to an optimal level.
Examples of alkalizing agents include ammonia, Monoethanolamide.
4. Oxidizing agents: Oxidants are used to bleach melanin present in the hair. Light color shades
are obtained when the grey and pigmented hair are colored evenly by using semi permanent
colorants
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1. Formulation bases: They are used as vehicles for dyes (amino
dyes) and modifiers. The vehicle is one that uniformly distributes the
colorant mixture on the hair. Example: In amino dyes, a mixture of water
(48-7945%), ethyl alcohol (20-50%) glycerin (0.5 – 2%) is used
because the amino dye has low aqueous solubility.
3.Dye: Dyes are used to imparting the desired colour shade to the hair.
10. 10
7. Surfactant: It reduces the surface tension between the different
ingredients, to make a homogeneous preparation.
6. Solvents: The constituents of the colorants which are not soluble in water, are
dissolved by using solvents so that a homogenous system is obtained.
5. Antioxidant: During the manufacturing of dyes, especially amino dyes, an atmosphere of
nitrogen is maintained to prevent the darkening of the dye. Since dyes (amino dye) are
darkened on exposure to air. Instead of maintaining nitrogen atmosphere, chemical
antioxidant like sodium sulfite is included in the preparation.
12. Methodof preparation hair dye.
A mixture of alkanol amide and anionic surfactant is prepared.
The dye is added to the above mixture* and is dissolved.
The acid and quaternary ammonium compounds are dissolved in water.
This aqueous solution is added to the solution of dye with stirring.
This dye is investigated for the effects of quaternary ammonium compound, pH,
aldehydes and alcohols additions.
Now the viscosity of the dye is adjusted by adding hydrophilic colloids like
methylcellulose, natural gum etc.
The viscosity of the colorant is increased by the addition of a non-ionic thickener in
its composition. The addition of amphoteric surfactant in the colorant is
accompanied by basic dyes.
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13. Evaluation of HairColourant
The following tests are carried out to evaluate hair colorants:
1. The Sensitization Test: The test is carried out on animal skin. The
colorants are applied to the skin and are kept under observation for
24 hrs. If no reaction occurs, then the colorant is said to be non-
sensitizing or non-irritant. The histopathological study is carried out as
per requirements.
2. The Toxic Effect Test: Toxic effects are studied in animals to know
about the long term effects of the preparations
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15. reference
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical
Sciences Vol. I and III, Mack Publishing Company, U.S.A.
Khari R. K., Vyas S.P., Ahmad F., Jain G. K., The Theory and Practice of
Industrial Pharmacy, 4th Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors.
Shankar, V. Ramesh S., Shanmugam V., A Text book of Novel Drug
Delivery System, Pharma Med Press.
Subramanian C.V.S., Settee T. J., Pharmaceutical Engineering, Vallabh
Prakashan 3r edition
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