The document discusses the building blocks used for formulating different types of cosmetic products, specifically focusing on shampoos. It defines key ingredients used in shampoos like surfactants, conditioning agents, viscosity modifiers, foaming agents, and preservatives. It then provides examples of different shampoo formulations including powder shampoo, liquid shampoo, anti-dandruff shampoo, and herbal shampoo. The document aims to outline the essential ingredients and their functions that go into creating shampoos and other cosmetic products with different intended uses and properties.

1. BUILDING BLOCKS FOR
DIFFERENT PRODUCT
FORMULATIONS OF COSMETICS
SIDDU K M
1ST M PHARM
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
AL AMEEN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BENGALURU

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION TO COSMETICS AND COSMECEUTICALS
 INTRODUCTION TO SHAMPOO
 IDEAL PROPERTIES OF SHAMPOO
 BUILDING BLOCKS FOR SHAMPOO
 FORMULATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHAMPOO
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3. INTRODUCTION
oCOSMETICS :
• Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter
the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body.
• Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face, hair, and body.
They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived
from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics or
artificial.
oCOSMECEUTICALS :
• The name is a combination of "cosmetics" and "pharmaceuticals”
• Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients purported to
have medical benefits.
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4. oBUILDING BLOCKS OF COSMETICS:
• These are the ingredients that are used in formulating a cosmetic or
cosmeceuticals.
• Example :
1. Surfactants : Alkyl benzene sulphonates, Amine oxides, N-alkyl amino acids
2. Emollients : mineral oil, lanolin, squalene
3. Emulsifying agents : tragacanth, acacia
4. Wetting agents : soaps and sulphonated oil.
5. Perfumes
6. Conditioning agents : egg derivatives , herbal extracts and mineral oil.
7. Preservative : formaldehyde , methyl paraben and propyl paraben.
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5. Building Blocks For Shampoo Preparation
oA Shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form – liquid,
solid or powder which when used under the specialized conditions
will remove surface grease, dirt and skin debris from the hair shaft
and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
oIdeal properties
• It should produce good amount of foam.
• It should be easily removed on rinsing with water.
• It should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.
• It should not cause any side affects or irritation to the skin or eye.
• It should be effectively or completely remove dust or soil.
• It should not make the hand rough.
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6. 1. Surfactants : These are the compounds that lower the surface tension or
interfacial tension between the two liquids , between has and liquid or
between liquid and solid.
a) Anionic surfactants : Alkyl benzene sulphonates, Alpha oleffin sulphonates, Sulphosuccinates
b) Non ionic surfactants: Fatty acid alkanolamides, Polyalkoxylated derivatives, Amine oxides
c) Amphoteric surfactants : N-alkyl aminoacids, Betains, Alkyl imidazolines
2. Conditioning agents: Ingredients that provide a soft improved feel and
texture to skin and hair.
• Ex : Lanolin, Mineral oil, Polypeptides, Egg derivatives and Herbal extracts
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7. 3. Viscosity modifiers : Agents that are used to alter the viscosity of the
system prepared.
a) Electrolytes : ammonium chloride, sodium chloride
b) Natural gums : gum tragacanth, gum karaya, alginates
c) Cellulose derivatives : hydroxyethyl cellulose, HPC, CMC
d) Carboxyvinyl polymers
e) Miscellaneous : phosphate esters, polyvinyl pyrrolidines etc
4. Opacifying & Clarifying agents : substances added to transparent or
clear cosmetic preparation to make them more light and near radiation
impenetrable.
• Ex : stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, propylene glycol etc
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8. 5. Foaming agents: These are the agents which when comes in contact with
air and water forms the lather or foam.
• Ex : sarcosinates and lactylates
6. Anti dandruff agents: the agents used to treat dandruff by acting on the
fungal infection.
• Ex : ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium disulphide & salicylic acid.
7. Preservatives: formaldehyde, methyl paraben & propyl paraben.
8. Perfumes: sandle , musk & rose etc
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9. Formulation Of Different Types Of Shampoo
1. Powder shampoo
2. Lotion shampoo
Henna powder 5%
Soap powder 50%
Sodium carbonate 22.5%
Potassium carbonate 7.5%
borax 15%
perfume QS
Sodium lauryl sulphate 35%
Glyceryl monostearate 2%
Magnessium monostearate 1%
water QS(100%)
perfume QS02-07-2019 Al Ameen College Of Pharmacy, Bengaluru 9

10. 3. Liquid shampoo
4. Anti dandruff shampoo
Sodium lauryl sulphate 40%
Sodium chloride 2-4%
water Upto 100%
Perfume, colour & preservative QS
Sodium sulfide 2.5%
bentonite 5%
Sodium lauryl sulphate 35%
water upto 100%
Colour, perfume & preservative QS
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11. 7. Conditioning shampoo
8. Herbal shampoo
Stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride
5.5%
Ethyleneglycol monostearate 2%
Cetyl alcohol 2.5%
water Upto 100%
Colour, perfume & preservative QS
Ziziphus extract 10%
Sodium laureth sulphate 5%
glycerin 1%
EDTA 0.15%
Distilled water QS upto 100%
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12. Thank
You
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