cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, sk...Steffi Thomas
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and toothpaste, Indian standards, Schedule S and Schedule Q, Drugs and cosmetic act, standards for heavy metals in cosmetics, standards for coloring agents in cosmetics, annexures, list of approved colours and dyes as per schedule Q Part 1, list of colours permitted to be used in soaps, types of toothpaste, general requirements for ECO mark and BIS mark, BIS certification marking
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF and Role of herbs in cosmetics:Priya Patil
Sun protection,
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, sk...Steffi Thomas
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and toothpaste, Indian standards, Schedule S and Schedule Q, Drugs and cosmetic act, standards for heavy metals in cosmetics, standards for coloring agents in cosmetics, annexures, list of approved colours and dyes as per schedule Q Part 1, list of colours permitted to be used in soaps, types of toothpaste, general requirements for ECO mark and BIS mark, BIS certification marking
Antiperspirant & Deodorant:A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies and regulates most deodorants as cosmetics, but classifies antiperspirants as over-the-counter drugs.
Mechanism perspiration control
Sweating allows the body to regulate its temperature. Sweating is controlled from a center in the periotic and anterior regions of the brain's hypothalamus, where thermo sensitive neurons are located. The heat-regulatory function of the hypothalamus is also affected by inputs from temperature receptors in the skin.
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF and Role of herbs in cosmetics:Priya Patil
Sun protection,
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Soap and syndet bars evolution and skin benefitsSteffi Thomas
SOAP VS SYNDET BARS, SAPONIFICATION, EVALUATION OF SOAPS AND SYNDET BARS, TYPES OF SOAP, HISTORY OF SOAP AND SOAP MAKING, FORMULA OF SOAP AND SYNDET BAR FORMULATION, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOAP, RAW MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING OF SOAP AND SYNDET BAR, CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAPS, MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SOAP, B.PHARM, 8th sem, COSMETIC SCIENCE, BP809ET,
Formulation & evalution of hair dye.pptxAvinashBorad1
topic :-
what is hair dye?
types of hair dye
formulation ingredients of hair dye.
method of preparation of hair dye.
Hair dye uses and health implications
in this it is described that what is hair tonic and hair conditioner.
types and formulation of each
evalution of hair dye.
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Soap and syndet bars evolution and skin benefitsSteffi Thomas
SOAP VS SYNDET BARS, SAPONIFICATION, EVALUATION OF SOAPS AND SYNDET BARS, TYPES OF SOAP, HISTORY OF SOAP AND SOAP MAKING, FORMULA OF SOAP AND SYNDET BAR FORMULATION, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOAP, RAW MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING OF SOAP AND SYNDET BAR, CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAPS, MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SOAP, B.PHARM, 8th sem, COSMETIC SCIENCE, BP809ET,
Formulation & evalution of hair dye.pptxAvinashBorad1
topic :-
what is hair dye?
types of hair dye
formulation ingredients of hair dye.
method of preparation of hair dye.
Hair dye uses and health implications
in this it is described that what is hair tonic and hair conditioner.
types and formulation of each
evalution of hair dye.
This presentation gives a brief information about hair structure, biochemistry, pigments, the cause of hair graying and the herbs which are helpful to get rid of hair graying.
Chemistry and formulation of para phenylenediamine based hair dye.ruchisuryawanshi1234
Para phenylenediamine is the chemical substance mostly used in preparation of permanent hair dye products.
Para phenylenediamine interact with penetrating the cuticle and bonding with the hair protein.
Safety considerations while using PPD hair dye.
Hair Color - Professional Organic Hair ColorScott Mitchell
Organic Color Systems is the first range of long-lasting, permanent hair colors containing certified organic extracts and natural ingredients, which have been formulated to cover all grey hair. You can create infinite natural tones and exciting fashion colors. This ammonia-free hair color maintains the hair's essential moisture and protein levels, so the hair is not damaged by the coloring process.
You can create any color imaginable with Organic Color Systems products; fiery reds, intense coppers, rich golds, auburn browns, frosty platinums and infinite natural tones. What is more, these are colors that are true to the color chart; colors that don’t fade; colors with unrivaled coverage even on resistant grey hair; colors with natural shine and gloss.
Similar to Chemistry and formulation of para phenylene diamine based hair dye (20)
BP-605T, Pharmaceutical biotechnology, Structure of immunoglobulins, classification of immunoglobulins, explanation of structure of immunoglobulin, digestion with proteolytic enzymes, Fab region, Fc region, role of different immunoglobulin classes, structure of IGM, IGA, IGG, IGE, IGD, Light chain, heavy chain, kappa, lambda, papain enzyme, pepsin enzyme
Basic principles of genetic engineeringSteffi Thomas
Basic principles of genetic engineering, Recombinant DNA, Genetically Modified organism (GMO), Tools used in genetic engineering, restriction endonuclease, DNA ligase, cloning vector, process of genetic engineering, applications of genetic engineering (in animals, plants, human), production of insulin by rDNA technology, gene therapy, possible hazards of genetic engineering
Study of cloning vectors and recombinant dna technologySteffi Thomas
Study of cloning vectors, restriction endonuclease and DNA ligase, Recombinant DNA technology, Application of genetic engineering in medicine, Application of rDNA technology and genetic engineering in the production of interferons, Vaccines-hepatitis-B, Hormones-Insulin, Brief introduction to PCR
Use of microbes in industry. Production of enzymes-General consideration-Amyl...Steffi Thomas
Industrial uses of microbes, properties of useful industrial microbes, various industrial products, production of enzymes-general consideration-amylase, catalase, peroxidase, lipase, protease, penicillinase, procedure for culturing bacteria and inoculum preparation, submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation, uses of different enzymes
Blood products:Collection, Processing and Storage of whole human blood, dried...Steffi Thomas
blood and its components, conditions for being a donor, anti-coagulants, whole human blood, changes in composition during storage, red blood cells, concentrated platelets, plasma, dried human plasma, fresh frozen plasma, dried human serum, plasma substitutes, ideal properties of plasma substitute, dextran, gum saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone
guidelines of WHO on Coronavirus, structure of coronavirus, prevention and ongoing researches for COVID-19, what does pandemic mean, role of immune system for coronavirus and how to improve general immunity, how COVID-19 got its name, about SARS-CoV-2, when and how to use mask and dispose it off, myths related to coronavirus, studies going on in Oxford University for vaccine of COVID-19 from chimpanzee called as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
De-mystifying Zero to One: Design Informed Techniques for Greenfield Innovati...
Chemistry and formulation of para phenylene diamine based hair dye
1. Presented by: STEFFI THOMAS
Assistant Professor
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU
Bhopal
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
2. HAIR DYES
Hair dye or hair color is a chemical tool which is used
to change the color of a person’s hair
They are used to change the color of gray hair, a sign of
an older age.
Now in current trend younger people use hair color as
a trend
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
3. HAIR STRUCTURE
Hair is made of keratin, water and dead cells.
Each strand of hair is made up of 3 layers:-
1. Cuticle
2. Cortex
3. Medulla
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
4. HAIR FOLLICLE
It surrounds the root of the hair
It is made up of external root sheath and internal root
sheath
Sebaceous glands:- responsible for oily secretion called
Sebum
It prevents hair drying and prevent hair drying and
prevent excessive evaporation of water from the skin
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
5. HAIR COLOR
The color of hair is due to melanin
It is synthesized by melanocytes scattered in the
matrix of the bulb and passes into cells of the cortex
and medulla
Dark-colored hair contains mostly true melanin
Blond and red color hair contains more of sulfur
Gray hair occurs with progressive decline in tyrosine,
an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of melanin
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
6. Functions of hair
1.Protective: The primary function of hair is protection.
The hair on the head provide protection from the head
injury and sunrays. Eyebrows and eyelashes protect the
eyes from foreign particles. Hair in the nostrils
protects against inhaling insects and foreign particles.
2.Cosmetics: Long locks of shiny hairs is a cosmetic
requirement, this is the only reason hairs are
shampooed, oiled, groomed, styled and even colored.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
7. HISTORY OF HAIR DYES
Early Egyptians used the first hair color.
First culture to color hair
Used:
– Henna- Red hues
– Chamomile- Blonde Hues
– Sage- Brown Hues
Red hair was popular due to: Queen Elizabeth’s red hair.
Women would: – Apply mixture of black sulfur, alum,
and honey and sit in the sun until the hair has turned a
golden.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
8. Cont…
Late 1800’s Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) – Chemical
base for hair color
– Mixed with metallic salts for color
-Metallic salts are a combination of copper, lead, silver,
and other metals with a weak acid
Early 20th Century
- Popular for actresses to color their hair.
- It wasn’t until the middle of the century that a
common woman dying her hair was accepted.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
9. Cont…
Eugene Schueller, the founder of L’ORÉAL, is
recognized for creating the first synthetic hair dye.
In 1947 the German cosmetics firm Schwarzkopf
launched the first home color product, “Poly Color”.
Hair dying is now become a multibillion industry
which involves the use of both plant-derived and
synthetic dyes.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
10. PARAPHENYLENEDIAMINE (PPD)
This derivative of aniline, aromatic amine, is a colourless
solid when pure but are partially oxidized and appear
yellowish.
Some misinformation has led to PPD being described as a
black mineral from the bank of the River Nile. This gave
PPD an undeserved distinction as being natural.
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a chemical substance that
is widely used as a permanent hair dye.
PPD is used in hair dye because it is a permanent dye that
gives a natural look, and the dyed hair can also be
shampooed or permed without losing its colour.
It is a white crystalline powder
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
11. Cont..
It is also used in other industrial products such as
- Textile or fur dyes
- Dark colored cosmetics
- Temporary tattoos
- Photographic development
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
12. Cont..
The base PPD is colourless and requires oxygen for it to
become a dye, thus PPD hair dyes are usually packaged
as 2 bottles, one that contains the PPD dye and the
other containing a developer or oxidiser.
Darker shades of hair dye products contain higher
concentrations of PPD than lighter shades.
The darker shades of hair dye are often used by people
with naturally dark hair.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
13. Cont..
Fully oxidized PPD is not a sensitiser, but the intermediate,
partially oxidised form of PPD may cause contact
allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Hair colour
preparations containing PPD or its derivatives carry a
warning on the packaging recommending
a self patch test prior to use of the dye.
PPD was declared the Contact Allergen of the Year for 2006
by the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS).
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
14. IDEAL PROPERTIES OF HAIR DYE
It should impart the same color which it indicates on its
label.
It must color the hairs only and not the skin.
The color that it imparts to the hair must be stable to air,
light, water and shampoo.
It should be easy to apply.
It should have reasonable stability or shelf life.
It should not be toxic to the skin or hair and should not
impart the natural gloss and texture of the hair.
It should not be allergic and a dermatitis sensitizer.
It should impart color to the hair in a short contact time.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
15. Composition of Hair dye
Differ from manufacturer to manufacturer.
In general, hair dyes include dyes,
– modifiers
– antioxidants
– alkali
– soaps
– ammonia
– wetting agents
– fragrance
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
16. Cont..
A variety of other chemicals used in small amounts
that impart special qualities to hair (such as softening
the texture) or give a desired action to the dye (such as
making it more or less permanent).
Dye chemicals are usually amino compounds.
Other chemicals used in hair dyes act as modifiers,
which stabilize the dye pigments or otherwise act to
modify the shade.
The modifiers may bring out color tones, such as green
or purple, which complement the dye pigment. e.g.
resorcinol
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
17. Cont..
Antioxidants protect the dye from oxidizing with air.
Most commonly used is sodium sulfite.
Alkali are added to change the pH of the dye formula,
because the dyes work best in a highly alkaline
composition. Ammonium hydroxide is a common
alkali.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
18. TYPES OF HAIR COLOR
Temporary hair color
Semi permanent hair color
Permanent hair color
Natural permanent dye
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
19. 1.Temporary hair color
Temporary hair color is available in various product forms
including rinses, shampoos, gels, sprays, foams.
This type of hair color is typically used to give brighter, more
vibrant shades or colors such as orange or red, that may be
difficult to achieve with semi-permanent and permanent hair
color.
While temporary hair color products hold a lesser market than
semi- permanent and permanent agents, they have value in that
they can be easily and quickly removed without bleaching or
application of a different coloring product.
These colorants do not penetrate into cortex or medulla.
As such the dye is easily removed with shampoo so known as
temporary hair color
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
21. TEMPORARY COLOR-IN-SHAMPOO
INGREDIENTS QUANTITY
Water 50.10%
Polyquaternium-10 1.50%
Methyl paraben 0.15%
Propylene glycol 2%
Disodium cocamido
propionate
15%
Lauramide DEA 2%
PEG-5 Hydrogenated tallow
amine
4%
Color 1%
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
22. 2. Semi permanent hair color
Differ form color shampoo with respect to time
Give stronger & more permanent coloration to hair
Some colors are removed in 4-8 shampooings.
Dyes used are: Nitrophenylenediamine,
Nitroaminopheols, Aminoanthraquinones.
Mixture is prepared before preparing color shades.
Should be studied on white wool or hair.
Semi hair color has no Ammonia.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
23. CREAM HAIR COLORANT
INGREDIENTS QUANTITY
Basic dye Less than 1%
Cetyl trimethylammonium
chloride-30
4%
Oleth-20 0.2
Cetostearyl alcohol 3%
Glyceryl stearate/PEG-100
stearate
3%
Triethanolamine To adjust pH upto 8
Preservative q.s.
Perfume q.s.
Deionised water Upto 100%
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
24. 3. Permanent color
All "permanent" hair color products and lighteners contain both
a developer, or oxidizing agent, and an alkalizing ingredient as
part of their ammonia or an ammonia substitute.
The purpose of this is to:
– raise the cuticle of the hair fiber so the tint can penetrate,
– facilitate the formation of tints within the hair fiber,
– bring about the lightening action of peroxide.
When the tint (color) containing the alkalizing ingredient is
combined with the developer (usually hydrogen peroxide), the
peroxide becomes alkaline and diffuses through the hair fiber,
entering the cortex, where the melanin is located.
The lightening occurs when the alkaline peroxide breaks up the
melanin and replaces it with new color.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
25. Cont..
Ammonia is the alkaline chemical that open the
cuticle and allows the hair color to penetrate the
Cortex of the hair.
It also acts as a catalyst when the permanent hair color
comes together with the peroxide.
Peroxide is used as a developer or oxidizing agent.
The developer removes pre-existing color.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
26. Cont..
Peroxide breaks chemical bonds in hair, releasing
sulfur, which accounts for the characteristic odor of
hair color.
As the melanin is decolorized, a new permanent color
is bounded to the hair cortex.
Various types of alcohols and conditioners may also be
present in hair dye.
The conditioners close the cuticle after coloring to seal
in and protect the new color.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
27. Cont..
Permanent hair-coloring products consist of two
components that are packaged separately and mixed
together immediately before application.
- One package contains a solution of hydrogen peroxide
(usually 6%) in water or a lotion base.
- The other package usually contains an ammonia
solution of dye intermediates and preformed dyes—
called couplers.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
28. BASE FOR OXIDATION HAIR DYE
INGREDIENTS QUANTITY
Isopropanol 7.5%
Oleic acid 22%
Coconut diethanolamide 10%
Ammonium (0.880) 6.6
Deionised water q.s. to 100
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
29. 4.NATURAL PERMANENT DYE
Now a days, plant materials are used e.g. henna leaves
Infusions, decoctions of plant materials are used.
The paste of powder of henna leaves prepared in hot
water
After cooling it is applied with stiff brush & allow to
dry.
Henna contains lawsone (2- hydroxy- 1,4-
napthaquinone)
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
30. Cont..
Advantages of henna:
-Non-toxic
-Non sensitizing to skin
-But laborious work to prepare henna paste
- Following composition is generally used nowadays:
Powdered henna- 89%
Pyrogallic acid -6%
CuSO4 -5%
Concentration of pyrogallic acid responsible for color
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
31. Cont..
Disadvantages of Henna:-
-Henna can trigger asthma and other allergic reaction
-Application is laborius and messy as it can stain the
fingers and nails
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
32. Dye intermediates in semi-permanent
hair dyes
Shades Name of dye intermediate
Yellow- 4 - nitro- m- phenylene diamine
Orange- 2 - amino- 4- nitrophenol
Red - 4 - (2- hydroxy ethyl) amino- 3- nitrophenol
Violet- 1 – 4 - diamino-5- nitro- anthraquinone
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
35. Cont..
Checking ingredients
• Before a batch of hair dye is made, the ingredients
must be certified.
• Certification may be done by the manufacturer in-
house.
• In many cases, the ingredients arrive from a
reputable vendor who has provided a CoA (Certificate
of Analysis) and this satisfies the manufacturer's
requirements
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
36. Cont..
Weighing
• Next a worker weighs out the ingredients for the
batch.
• For some ingredients, only a small amount is
necessary in the batch.
• But if a very large batch is being made, and several
ingredients are needed in large amounts, these may be
piped in from storage tanks.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
37. Cont..
Pre-mixing
• In some hair dye formulas, the dye chemicals are pre-
mixed in hot water.
• The dye chemicals are dumped in a tank, and water
which has been already heated to 158°F(70°C) is
pumped in.
• Other ingredients or solvents may also be added to
the pre-mix.
• The pre-mix is agitated for approximately 20 minutes
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
38. Cont..
Mixing
• The pre-mix is then added to a larger tank,
containing the other ingredients of the hair dye.
• In a small batch, the tanks used may hold about
1,600 lbs (725 kg), and they are portable.
• A worker wheels the pre-mix tank to the second mix
tank and pours the ingredients in.
• For a very large batch, the tanks may hold 10 times as
much as the portable tanks, and in this case they are
connected by pipes.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
39. Cont..
• In a formula in which no pre-mixing is required, after
checking and weighing, the ingredients go directly to the
mixing step.
• The ingredients are simply mixed in the tank until the
proper consistency is reached.
• If a heated pre-mix is used, the second mix solution must
be allowed to cool.
• The ingredients that follow the pre-mix may be additional
solvents, surfactants, and alkalizers.
• If the formula includes alcohol, it is no added until the
mix reaches 40°C, so that it does not evaporate.
• Fragrances too are often added at the end of the mix.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
40. Cont..
Packaging
• From the filling area, the bottles are taken to the
packaging line.
• At the packaging line, the hair dye bottle is put in a box,
together with any other elements such as a bottle of
developer or special finishing shampoo, instruction sheet,
and gloves and cap, or any other tools provided for the
consumer.
• After the package is complete, it is put in a shipping
carton.
• The full cartons are then taken to the warehouse to await
distribution.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
41. EVALUATION
CONSISTENCY:-It should not be too viscous,
otherwise application will become difficult, the
consistency should be minimum so that after
application it will not drain off
SPREADABILITY:-Hair dye should be easily
spreadable so that it can be applied evenly
COLOR UNIFORMITY:-The color of hair dye and
hair color should be uniform, color shade should
remain same and give desired color after application
pH:-Should be neutral
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
42. Cont..
Sensitization test (effect on skin & eye)/Allergy test-
Behind the ear, using a cotton bud, apply a small quantity
of unmixed colorant product sufficient to cover an area of
1-2 cm2 (e.g. the size of a small coin)
Re-apply two or three times allowing it to dry between each
application. Carefully reseal the colorant container and
keep it for the application 48 hours later.
Leave for 48 hours without washing, covering or touching
If during this duration any sort of abnormal reaction such
as itching, redness or swelling in or around the test area,
Do not apply the product.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
43. Effect on hair (Half head test):-Comparative
assessment of two hair care products (shampoo,
conditioner, hairspray, gel, mousse, etc.) is performed.
For e.g. What does the foam of shampoo feel like?
Which conditioner treatment results in softer hair and
easy combing? Which product gives more volume?
Procedure- trained hairdresser part the hair of the test
subject in the middle, apply two products, each to one-
half of the hair and assess the cosmetic acceptance as
well as major product properties such as foam
consistency, spraying rate, spray pattern, residue on
hair or comb, spreadability and much more.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
44. Test for developer
• pH (2 to 4)
• Assay for H2O2 (max. 12 m/m)
• Residue on evaporation (max. 0.2 m/v) – % by
mass = m/V x 100
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal
45. ADVERSE EFFECTS
Hair dye or hair coloring involves the use of Chemicals
that are capable of removing, replacing or covering up
pigments naturally found inside the hair shaft.
Use of these Chemicals can result in a range of adverse
effects including temporary skin irritation or allergy,
hair breakage, skin discoloration etc.
School of Pharmacy, LNCTU, Bhopal