The document discusses the formulation and preparation of sunscreen. It begins by defining sunscreens as cosmetic preparations that protect skin from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It describes the different types of UV rays and their effects. An ideal sunscreen would provide broad spectrum protection, be non-irritating, economical, hypoallergenic, and non-comedogenic. Sunscreens can be physical or chemical, using ingredients like zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and various organic compounds. The document outlines the process for formulating different types of sunscreens like lotions, creams, and gels using appropriate sunscreen agents, bases, emulsifiers, and other additives. It concludes with storage recommendations and references.

1. MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY
ROHTAK
DEPARTMENT OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-I
PRESENTATION ON
“FORMULATION AND PREPARATION OF SUNSCREEN”
BY- PRIDHI (1408)
B.PHARMA 5th SEMESTER

2. SUNSCREENS
Sunscreen are the cosmetic preparations used to protect the skin from
ultraviolet radiation of sun.
The light emitted by sun consists of frequency bands of infrared, visible
and ultraviolet radiation,of these UV rays are harmful to most humans.
(UV SPECTRUM 100-400 nm)
UVA (315-400nm) radiation penetrates the skin and cause damage to
cell membrane, causes ageing of skin.
UVB (280-315nm) rays cause skin cancer and can cause damage to
cornea and lens of eye.
UVC (100-280nm) generally absorbed by
earth’s atmosphere and are not harmful.

3. Sunscreen preparations are rated(evaluated) with a sun
protection factor (SPF), which indicates how much
protection against UV rays product provides.
Calculated by:
Period of protection(with sunscreen)
Period of natural protection(without sunscreen)

4. AN IDEAL SUNSCREEN
CHARACTERISTICS:
•It should have broad spectrum activity.
•It should not cause any irritation.
•Should be economical.
•Should be hypoallergenic.
•Should be non-comedogenic.

5. CLASSIFICATION:
PHYSICAL SUNSCREENS CHEMICAL SUNSCREENS
Mineral Actives
Zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide
Chemical Actives
Organic, carbon-based compounds
Block Sunlight
Create a barrier that blocks and
reflects UV rays before they reach
the skin's surface
Absorb Sunlight
Absorb UV rays and convert them
to
heat, which is then released by the
skin
Penetrate Skin on application. Penetrate Skin on application.

6. SUNSCREEN AGENTS:
BENZYL SALICYLATE AND SALICYLATE DERIVATIVES These are first sunscreen agents
which provides UVB protection, but not UVA. Salicylate derivatives used as sunscreen
agents are paraphenyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate,etc.
BENZYL CINNAMATE AND CINNAMATE DERIVATIVES: Are effective UVB blocker and
used in combination with other ingredients.
PABA(p-aminobenzoic acid): This compound is effective in UVB range. Many
individuals experienced allergic reactions to it so now most of the sunscreen lotions
are PABA free.

7. BUTYLMETHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE AND RELATED COMPOUND:
They are also known as Parsol A which is an effective UVA blocker.
ZINC OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE :These two inorganic compounds
are used to block UV radiation as their preparations are opaque to
light. Sunscreen lotions containing these are normally white.
ANTHRANILATES :These compounds absorbs UVA spectrum rays and
usually combined with UVB agent to broaden spectrum.

8. FORMULATION:
• Suitable sunscreen agents are used.
• Suitable base can be used to make a final product of an aqueous or
alcoholic lotion, a fatty cream, oil or emulsion.
• The selection of vehicle contribute to its effectiveness e.g. deionized
water.
• Emusifiers are used to keep formulation stable (in assisting formation of
homogeneous mixtures of both water and oil).e.g Cetosteryl alcohol.
• Glycerin can be used as moisturiser in some sunscreens.

9. • Thickening agent to enhance consistency
eg crosspolymer.
• Certain natural oils such as coconut oil, peanut oil, olive oil
have a fairly high absorption ability of UV light.
• An Anti-oxidant is to be incorporated, if a natural oil is
used, to prevent rancidity.
• Preservatives like Na Methyl paraben, Na propyl paraben
are used.
• Perfume (added at last).

10. • Cream type: It is an emulsion type, prepared by taking
oily phase & aqueous phase separately and heated to
liquify and then mixed with stirring.
• Lotion type: It can be solution or emulsion type,
where solution is prepared by simply mixing
ingredients and emulsion type by separately heating
aqueous and oily phase
at same temperature and slowly mixed with
stirring.
METHOD OF PREPARATION :

11. • Solution type: It can be prepared simply by mixing and
dissolving sunscreen agents and other ingredients in suitable
vehicle.
• Gel type: It is highly viscous aqueous preparation, in which
thickening agent is seperately dispersed in water and then
mixed with other ingredients.

12. STORAGE :
• Should be stored in a cool and dark place.
• Exposing the container to excessive heat or direct sun can
cause its ingredients to become less effective.
• Avoid humid areas for storage as moisture causes sunscreen
to become unstable and could even create a breeding ground
for mold.

13. REFERENCES :
• TEXTBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY –I DR. SHALINI
SHARMA PEE VEE PUBLICATIONS PAGE NO 194-196
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337656050_Sunscreen_Cream
_Formulation_with_Natural_Ingredients_including_Arabic_gum_and_Be
eswax_Foundation
• https://youtu.be/gKKQmZA9X1M
• https://www.cosmeticsdesign-
europe.com/Article/2019/08/19/Sunscreen-regulations-in-the-world-
from-European-Union-USA-Canada-to-China
• https://www.healthline.com/health/does-sunscreen-expire
• https://www.cheatsheet.com/gear-style/best-way-to-store-
sunscreen.html/

14. THANK YOU