The document discusses the Ethernet frame format. It describes the different fields that make up an Ethernet frame as defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard. This includes the preamble, start frame delimiter, destination and source addresses, length, data, padding, and checksum fields. It also discusses the different types of Ethernet cables commonly used such as 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T, and 10Base-F.
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent layer 2 loops. It is standardized as IEEE 802.D protocol. STP blocks some ports on switches with redundant links to prevent broadcast storms and ensure loop-free topology. With STP in place, you can have redundant links between switches in order to provide redundancy.
In this tutorial on 'What Is Ethernet?'. we will look into the way for how network devices access internet using the ethernet cables, why it is beneficial to use ethernet, along with types and advantages and disadvantages of using ethernet in the network.
The topics covered in this tutorial on 'What Is Ethernet?' are:
1. What Is Ethernet?
2. Why use Ethernet?
3. Types of Ethernet
4. Working of Ethernet
5. Advantages & Disadvantages of Ethernet
6. Ethernet vs Internet
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
overview and working of CAN protocol .
application of CAN protocol.
CAN protocol fault confinement
what can is?
why we need CAN protocol?
how CAN protocol works
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent layer 2 loops. It is standardized as IEEE 802.D protocol. STP blocks some ports on switches with redundant links to prevent broadcast storms and ensure loop-free topology. With STP in place, you can have redundant links between switches in order to provide redundancy.
In this tutorial on 'What Is Ethernet?'. we will look into the way for how network devices access internet using the ethernet cables, why it is beneficial to use ethernet, along with types and advantages and disadvantages of using ethernet in the network.
The topics covered in this tutorial on 'What Is Ethernet?' are:
1. What Is Ethernet?
2. Why use Ethernet?
3. Types of Ethernet
4. Working of Ethernet
5. Advantages & Disadvantages of Ethernet
6. Ethernet vs Internet
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
overview and working of CAN protocol .
application of CAN protocol.
CAN protocol fault confinement
what can is?
why we need CAN protocol?
how CAN protocol works
In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called Project 802, to set standards and to enable inter communication among equipment from a variety of manufacturers.
Project 802 is a way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of major LAN protocols.
CNIT 125 Ch 5 Communication & Network Security (part 2 of 2)Sam Bowne
For a college course at Coastline Community College taught by Sam Bowne. Details at https://samsclass.info/125/125_F17.shtml
Based on: "CISSP Study Guide, Third Edition"; by Eric Conrad, Seth Misenar, Joshua Feldman; ISBN-10: 0128024372
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
3. Ethernet
• Trade mark of Xerox Corporation
• Invented at Xerox PARC in 1976
• Standardised by IEEE in 1978
• Popular for LAN
• Uses Packet Switching Technology
3
4. Ethernet
• Xerox PARC
• CSMA / CD
• 2.94 Mbps
• No length field in Packet Header
• IEEE
• 1 – Persistent CSMA / CD
• 1 – 10 Mbps
• Length field in Packet Header
4
5. Ethernet
• Ether refers to the ‘Cable’. Its variants are
• 10 base 5
• 10 base 2
• 10 base T
• 10 base F
5
6. 10 Base 5 – Called Thick Ethernet4
• Resembles yellow garden hose
• Marking for every 2.5 meters
• Connections are made using vampire taps
• Can run for 500 meters
• Can handle 100 machines
6
7. 10 Base 2 – Called Thin Ethernet
• Bends easily
• Connections can be made using BNC to for
T-junction
• Can run over 100 meters
• Can handle 30 machines
• Cheaper and Easier to install
9EC606A.35 7
8. 10 Base T – Twisted Pair
• Easy maintenance
• Can run over 100 meters
• Can handle 1024 machines
8
9. 10 Base F – Fibre Optics
• Best choice of using between two buildings or
widely separated Hubs
• Run over 2000 meters
• Can handle 1024 machines
• Excellent Noise Immunity
• More Expensive
9
11. Encoding
• Is a way to determine the start, end, or middle of each bit
• There are two approaches
• Manchester encoding
• Differential Manchester encoding
11
12. Manchester Encoding
• Each bit period is divided into two equal intervals
• Binary 1 is sent by having the voltage set high during the
first interval & low in the second interval
• Binary 0 is just reverse
Disadvantage
– Requires twice the Band width than straight
binary encoding
12
13. Differential Manchester Encoding
• A binary 1 is indicated by the absence of a transition at
the start of the interval
• A binary 0 is indicated by the presence of transition at
the start of the interval
• Advantage
– Better noise immunity
• Disadvantage
– Requires more complex equipment
13
15. Preamble
• Length of the field is 7 bytes.
• Each byte contain the bit pattern of 10101010.
• Manchester encoding produces a square
wave for this bit pattern with.
• Frequency of 10 MHz.
• Time period of 5.6 µsec.
15
16. IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
Preamble SFD D Address S Address
• Start of Frame delimiter
– Contains 10101011 to indicate the start of Frame
• Source Address
– Contains either 2 bytes or 6 bytes
• Destination Address
– Contains either 2 bytes or 6 bytes
– For ordinary addressing the higher order bit is 0
– For group addressing the higher order bit is 1
i.e Multicasting
– For Broadcasting of the frame in the network all the
bits are made as 1’s
16
17. IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
Preamble SFD D Address S Address Length
Length
– Tells how many bytes are present in the data field
0 to a maximum of 1500
– A data field of 0 bytes is legal, it causes a problem
– When a computer detects a collision, it truncates the
current frame which means that corrupted frames
appear on the cable all the time
– To make it easier to distinguish valid frames from
corrupted frames (due to collisions), 802.3 states that
valid frames to be at least 64 bytes long from destination
address to checksum
17
18. IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
Preamble SFD D Address S Address Length Data Pad Checksum
• Pad field
If the data portion is less than 46 bytes, the pad
field is used to fill out the frame to the minimum
size of 64 bytes
• Checksum
The Checksum is used to detect if any data bits
have been corrupted during transmission
18
19. IEEE 802.3 Ethernet LANs
When a computer wants to receive a frame it
• Listens to all frames traveling on the cable
• If the frame address is the same as the computer’s
address
or
the same as the group address of the computers of
which it is a member, it copies the frame from the cable
• Otherwise it just ignores the frame
19
20. Summary
In this class, you have learnt about
• Different types of Ethernet cables
• Encoding
• All the fields of Frame Format
20
21. Summary
• Unicast a frame from one computer to any other
computer connected to the same cable
• Broadcast a frame from one computer to all other
computers connected to the same cable
• Multicast a frame from one computer to a subset of the
computers connected to the same cable
21
22. Quiz
1. In Ethernet the valid frame size is
(a) 64 bytes
(b) 16 bytes
(c) 46 bytes
(d) 32 bytes
22
23. Quiz
2. A frame containing all 1’s in the destination field
is for
(a) Unicasting
(b) Broadcasting
(c) Multicasting
23
