Pompili M. Fegato (Anatomia e Patologia Diffusa) Colecisti e Vie Biliari. ASM...Gianfranco Tammaro
PROF. POMPILI MAURIZIO - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
Caturelli E. Fegato Patologia Focale Benigna. ASMaD 2016Gianfranco Tammaro
DOTT. CATURELLI EUGENIO - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
Caturelli E. Fegato Patologia Focale Maligna. ASMaD 2016Gianfranco Tammaro
DOTT. CATURELLI EUGENIO - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
Pompili M. Fegato (Anatomia e Patologia Diffusa) Colecisti e Vie Biliari. ASM...Gianfranco Tammaro
PROF. POMPILI MAURIZIO - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
Caturelli E. Fegato Patologia Focale Benigna. ASMaD 2016Gianfranco Tammaro
DOTT. CATURELLI EUGENIO - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
Caturelli E. Fegato Patologia Focale Maligna. ASMaD 2016Gianfranco Tammaro
DOTT. CATURELLI EUGENIO - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
DOTT.SSA DANESE VINCENZA G. - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
patterns of enhancement in hepatocellular carcinomaHaseeb Manzoor
1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) appears as hyperenhancing lesions during the hepatic arterial phase of contrast enhanced CT or MRI due to its hypervascular nature. These lesions wash out during the portal venous phase.
2. Multiphase contrast enhanced imaging is important for diagnosing HCC as it allows evaluation of changes in intra-tumoral blood flow during different phases. Arterial phase hyperenhancement combined with washout or capsule appearance has near 100% specificity for HCC.
3. While imaging features such as arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout are characteristic of HCC, they are not entirely specific, and HCC must be differentiated from other malignancies and benign lesions.
This document discusses various renal cystic diseases and conditions. It covers cortical and medullary cysts, polycystic kidney disease, multicystic renal dysplasia and extra-parenchymal cysts. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is described as the most common hereditary cystic renal disease affecting 1 in 1000 people typically in the third decade of life. Imaging findings for simple cysts, polycystic kidney disease, multicystic renal dysplasia and extrarenal cysts on ultrasound, intravenous urography, CT and MRI are summarized.
Renal tuberculosis can involve the renal parenchyma and collecting system. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis. On CT, early manifestations include papillary necrosis resulting in uneven calyceal dilation. Later stages show multifocal strictures throughout the kidney and collecting system. Ultrasound can detect tuberculous granulomas, cavities, and the evolution of lobar caseation over time. Advanced cases on imaging appear as complete lobar calcification, representing end-stage renal tuberculosis.
Autoimmune pancreatitis is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic disorder that affects various organs, including the bile duct, retroperitoneum, kidney, and parotid and lacrimal glands. It represents a recently described subset of chronic pancreatitis that is immune mediated and has unique histologic, morphologic, and clinical characteristics. A hallmark of the disease is its rapid response to corticosteroid treatment. Although still a rare disease, autoimmune pancreatitis is increasingly becoming recognized clinically, leading to evolution in the understanding of its prognosis, clinical characteristics, and treatment.
1) Autoimmune pancreatitis is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis of the pancreas that often dramatically responds to steroid therapy.
2) Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical, imaging, histological, and serological findings including elevated serum IgG4 levels and involvement of other organs.
3) Two subtypes exist - type 1 is associated with elevated IgG4, other organ involvement and a good response to steroids, while type 2 involves granulocytic epithelial lesions and is less responsive to steroids.
This document discusses solitary liver lesions, categorizing them as benign tumours, infections, trauma, malignant tumours or other. It provides detailed information about cavernous haemangioma, including that it is the most common benign liver tumour, often appearing as a well-defined hypodense lesion on imaging with characteristic enhancement. Hepatic abscesses and hydatid cysts are also described, noting ultrasound, CT and MRI findings help differentiate bacterial vs parasitic abscesses and stages of cyst growth.
LIRADS is a standardized system for interpreting and reporting findings of liver imaging to improve detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It provides strict criteria and algorithms to categorize liver lesions identified on ultrasound, CT or MRI as definitely or probably benign (LR-1 to LR-3) or HCC (LR-4 to LR-5). The system aims to improve consistency and communication between radiologists and clinicians to help determine appropriate management. Major updates since 2011 have refined the diagnostic criteria and introduced algorithms for assessing treatment response to locoregional therapies for HCC. LIRADS is now integrated into American guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Full story fatty liver imaging Dr Ahmed EsawyAHMED ESAWY
Full story fatty liver imaging dr ahmed esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
Diagnosis at US
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Elastography
Contrast enhanced ultrasound
Liver Pathology (Diffuse Diseases).
Criteria for fatty liver on USG
Grading of fatty liver
Fatty fibrotic pattern
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Potential pitfalls in Opposed-phase T1 include
Accuracy for Detection and Grading of Fat Deposition
Patterns of Fat Deposition
Diffuse Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing.
Multifocal Deposition.
Perivascular Deposition.
Subcapsular Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing
Fatty Pseudolesions of the Liver: Postoperative Changes
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Lesions and Hypervascular Metastases.
Hypovascular Metastases and Lymphoma.
Perfusion Anormalies.
Periportal Abnormalities
Pitfalls
Fat-containing Primary Tumors.
Low-Attenuation Lesions.
Focal Sparing that Mimics an Enhanced Tumor.
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and diagnosing liver masses. It defines a liver mass and explains how imaging techniques are used in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis for liver masses can range from benign to malignant lesions. Cystic lesions discussed in detail include pyogenic and amoebic liver abscesses. Solid lesions include inflammatory conditions like abscesses as well as benign and malignant tumors. Treatment options for different lesions are outlined.
Doppler ultrasound of Budd Chiari syndrome & SOSSamir Haffar
This document discusses Doppler ultrasound findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), which is caused by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. Key findings described include:
1) Obstruction and collaterals of the hepatic veins or inferior vena cava can be seen with Doppler ultrasound.
2) Upstream dilatation and reversed flow in hepatic veins may indicate solid endoluminal material obstructing the vein.
3) A "spider web" of small collateral veins near the hepatic vein ostia is characteristic of BCS.
4) Caudate lobe hypertrophy and dilated caudate lobe veins are also suggestive of BCS.
Interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleedingZefu Zhang
This document summarizes the role of interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. It discusses:
1) The common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding and their rates of treatment success with interventional radiology techniques like embolization versus other approaches. Ulcer bleeding has a treatment success rate of 55-74% with embolization.
2) Examples of case studies where interventional radiology was used to treat bleeding from tumors, diverticulitis, and rectal lesions.
3) Techniques for treating portal hypertension and variceal bleeding, including percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration.
4) Indications,
DOTT.SSA DANESE VINCENZA G. - Master ECM in Ecografia Internistica 2016 - Sabato 16 - 30 Gennaio e 13 Febbraio 2016 - Sala Congressi Fondazione Santa Lucia - Via Ardeatina n. 354 - ROMA
Sito ASMaD: http://www.asmad.net
patterns of enhancement in hepatocellular carcinomaHaseeb Manzoor
1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) appears as hyperenhancing lesions during the hepatic arterial phase of contrast enhanced CT or MRI due to its hypervascular nature. These lesions wash out during the portal venous phase.
2. Multiphase contrast enhanced imaging is important for diagnosing HCC as it allows evaluation of changes in intra-tumoral blood flow during different phases. Arterial phase hyperenhancement combined with washout or capsule appearance has near 100% specificity for HCC.
3. While imaging features such as arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout are characteristic of HCC, they are not entirely specific, and HCC must be differentiated from other malignancies and benign lesions.
This document discusses various renal cystic diseases and conditions. It covers cortical and medullary cysts, polycystic kidney disease, multicystic renal dysplasia and extra-parenchymal cysts. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is described as the most common hereditary cystic renal disease affecting 1 in 1000 people typically in the third decade of life. Imaging findings for simple cysts, polycystic kidney disease, multicystic renal dysplasia and extrarenal cysts on ultrasound, intravenous urography, CT and MRI are summarized.
Renal tuberculosis can involve the renal parenchyma and collecting system. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis. On CT, early manifestations include papillary necrosis resulting in uneven calyceal dilation. Later stages show multifocal strictures throughout the kidney and collecting system. Ultrasound can detect tuberculous granulomas, cavities, and the evolution of lobar caseation over time. Advanced cases on imaging appear as complete lobar calcification, representing end-stage renal tuberculosis.
Autoimmune pancreatitis is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic disorder that affects various organs, including the bile duct, retroperitoneum, kidney, and parotid and lacrimal glands. It represents a recently described subset of chronic pancreatitis that is immune mediated and has unique histologic, morphologic, and clinical characteristics. A hallmark of the disease is its rapid response to corticosteroid treatment. Although still a rare disease, autoimmune pancreatitis is increasingly becoming recognized clinically, leading to evolution in the understanding of its prognosis, clinical characteristics, and treatment.
1) Autoimmune pancreatitis is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis of the pancreas that often dramatically responds to steroid therapy.
2) Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical, imaging, histological, and serological findings including elevated serum IgG4 levels and involvement of other organs.
3) Two subtypes exist - type 1 is associated with elevated IgG4, other organ involvement and a good response to steroids, while type 2 involves granulocytic epithelial lesions and is less responsive to steroids.
This document discusses solitary liver lesions, categorizing them as benign tumours, infections, trauma, malignant tumours or other. It provides detailed information about cavernous haemangioma, including that it is the most common benign liver tumour, often appearing as a well-defined hypodense lesion on imaging with characteristic enhancement. Hepatic abscesses and hydatid cysts are also described, noting ultrasound, CT and MRI findings help differentiate bacterial vs parasitic abscesses and stages of cyst growth.
LIRADS is a standardized system for interpreting and reporting findings of liver imaging to improve detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It provides strict criteria and algorithms to categorize liver lesions identified on ultrasound, CT or MRI as definitely or probably benign (LR-1 to LR-3) or HCC (LR-4 to LR-5). The system aims to improve consistency and communication between radiologists and clinicians to help determine appropriate management. Major updates since 2011 have refined the diagnostic criteria and introduced algorithms for assessing treatment response to locoregional therapies for HCC. LIRADS is now integrated into American guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Full story fatty liver imaging Dr Ahmed EsawyAHMED ESAWY
Full story fatty liver imaging dr ahmed esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
Diagnosis at US
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Elastography
Contrast enhanced ultrasound
Liver Pathology (Diffuse Diseases).
Criteria for fatty liver on USG
Grading of fatty liver
Fatty fibrotic pattern
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Potential pitfalls in Opposed-phase T1 include
Accuracy for Detection and Grading of Fat Deposition
Patterns of Fat Deposition
Diffuse Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing.
Multifocal Deposition.
Perivascular Deposition.
Subcapsular Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing
Fatty Pseudolesions of the Liver: Postoperative Changes
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Lesions and Hypervascular Metastases.
Hypovascular Metastases and Lymphoma.
Perfusion Anormalies.
Periportal Abnormalities
Pitfalls
Fat-containing Primary Tumors.
Low-Attenuation Lesions.
Focal Sparing that Mimics an Enhanced Tumor.
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and diagnosing liver masses. It defines a liver mass and explains how imaging techniques are used in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis for liver masses can range from benign to malignant lesions. Cystic lesions discussed in detail include pyogenic and amoebic liver abscesses. Solid lesions include inflammatory conditions like abscesses as well as benign and malignant tumors. Treatment options for different lesions are outlined.
Doppler ultrasound of Budd Chiari syndrome & SOSSamir Haffar
This document discusses Doppler ultrasound findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), which is caused by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. Key findings described include:
1) Obstruction and collaterals of the hepatic veins or inferior vena cava can be seen with Doppler ultrasound.
2) Upstream dilatation and reversed flow in hepatic veins may indicate solid endoluminal material obstructing the vein.
3) A "spider web" of small collateral veins near the hepatic vein ostia is characteristic of BCS.
4) Caudate lobe hypertrophy and dilated caudate lobe veins are also suggestive of BCS.
Interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleedingZefu Zhang
This document summarizes the role of interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. It discusses:
1) The common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding and their rates of treatment success with interventional radiology techniques like embolization versus other approaches. Ulcer bleeding has a treatment success rate of 55-74% with embolization.
2) Examples of case studies where interventional radiology was used to treat bleeding from tumors, diverticulitis, and rectal lesions.
3) Techniques for treating portal hypertension and variceal bleeding, including percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration.
4) Indications,
Presa in carico del paziente con LMC e gestione della terapia a medio e lungo...ASMaD
This document discusses cardiovascular risk management from the perspective of a vascular surgeon. It summarizes the author's experience treating patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who developed vascular complications. The main points are:
1) Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia often have multi-level vascular disease involving the carotid, renal, mesenteric, and lower extremity arteries.
2) Endovascular interventions had high restenosis and failure rates, while open surgeries resulted in better mid-term patency but higher amputation rates.
3) An aggressive surgical approach along with intensive medical management and follow-up is needed for these high-risk patients due to their underlying disease and risk factors. A multidisciplinary team approach
I meccanismi del danno gastrico e la patologia H. Pylori correlataASMaD
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Vincenzo De Francesco - "Malattia da reflussogastroesofageo e infezione da Helicobacter Pylori: old topics?" - Roma 11/05/2019
Ph impedenziometria nella MRGE: quando, come e perchèASMaD
Presentazione a cura della Dottoressa Francesca Galeazzi - "Malattia da reflussogastroesofageo e infezione da Helicobacter Pylori: old topics?" - Roma 11/05/2019
This document discusses the classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and challenges in classifying patients. It notes that while some patients with typical GERD symptoms respond to treatment, they remain unclassified and may not actually have GERD. A single classification system based on symptoms and endoscopy does not capture all clinical conditions related to GERD. Patients who do not respond to PPIs should be referred to a gastroenterologist. Some GERD patients have significant esophageal motility issues. Those who do not respond to PPIs may require an esophageal biopsy. Some PPI responders actually have eosinophilic esophagitis. Some GERD patients have multiple gastrointestinal comor
Cambiamenti di popolazione e flussi migratori: cambiano anche le malattie met...ASMaD
Presentazione a cura della Dottoressa Migneco Maria Giuseppina - "Incontri endocrinologici AME LAzio - L'endocrinologia nel SSN: prospettive e nuove problematiche" - Roma 17/12/2018
Tiroide: chi decide quale intervento e per chi?ASMaD
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Bellotti Carlo - "Incontri endocrinologici AME LAzio - L'endocrinologia nel SSN: prospettive e nuove problematiche" - Roma 17/12/2018
Tiroide: Integrazione tra elementi nutriacetici e farmacologia: utile o inutile?ASMaD
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Roberto Cesareo - "Incontri endocrinologici AME LAzio - L'endocrinologia nel SSN: prospettive e nuove problematiche" - Roma 17/12/2018
L'ecografia tiroidea: strumento cruciale nella gestione clinica?ASMaD
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Guglielmi Rinaldo - "Incontri endocrinologici AME LAzio - L'endocrinologia nel SSN: prospettive e nuove problematiche" - Roma 17/12/2018
Il chirurgo e la tiroide oggi un rapporto in crisi?ASMaD
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Luca Piantoni e del Dottor Francesco Pedicini - "TIROIDE 2018 Nuovi approcci diagnostici e terapeutici" - Roma 24/11/2018
3. FEGATO DA STASI
Normale ecostruttura del fegato
Dilatazione delle vene epatiche e della vena cava
inferiore
Ridotta o assente collassabilità cavale durante il ciclo
respiratorio
Rallentamento e mancanza di fasicità del flusso nelle
vene epatiche e nella vena cava inferiore
Presenza di versamento pleurico, pericardico o ascitico
5. EPATITE ACUTA
Normale ecostruttura del fegato
Alterazioni della colecisti
- Ispessimento delle pareti
- Riduzione del volume
EPATITE ACUTA DA EBV
EPATITE ACUTA DA HCV
6. EPATITE CRONICA VIRALE
Elementi di semeiologia ecografica
EPATITE CRONICA VIRALE
Elementi di semeiologia ecografica
Normale ecostruttura
del fegato
Eventuale presenza
di steatosi epatica
Linfoadenomegalia
reattiva nel
legamento
epatoduodenale
10. ALTERAZIONI DELL’ECOSTRUTTURA EPATICA ED
EPATOPATIE DIFFUSE CORRELATE
“BRIGHT LIVER PATTERN”
STEATOSI, NECROSI VACUOLARE,
TESAURISMOSI GLICO-LIPIDICHE,
EPATITE GRANULOMATOSA, EMOCROMATOSI
“COARSE ECHO PATTERN”
FIBROSI, SARCOIDOSI, CIRROSI EPATICA E BILIARE
“FATTY-FIBROTIC PATTERN”
STEATOFIBROSI
“COARSE NODULAR PATTERN”
CIRROSI DELTA-CORRELATA,
CIRROSI CON MACRONODULI DI RIGENERAZIONE,
CIRROSI HBV-HCV-CORRELATA AD ALTO RISCHIO DI HCC
11. Lo sviluppo della cirrosi può richiedere anni o
decadi per realizzarsi completamente
PROGRESSIONE DELL’EPATITE CRONICAPROGRESSIONE DELL’EPATITE CRONICA
12. Tempi di progressione dell’epatite cronica HCV-relata in cirrosiTempi di progressione dell’epatite cronica HCV-relata in cirrosi
minima
mite
moderata
severa
cirrosi
5 10 15 20 25 30
5% dei casi5% dei casi5% dei casi5% dei casi
60% dei casi60% dei casi60% dei casi60% dei casi
35% dei casi35% dei casi35% dei casi35% dei casi
35 40
Istologiafibrosi
anni
13. EVOLUZIONE DELL’EPATITE CRONICA IN CIRROSI
Il progressivo instaurarsi della fibrosi provoca nel fegato
delle alterazioni che sono rilevabili con l’ecografia:
- la superficie dell’organo non è più liscia, tendendo
all’irregolarità e quindi alla nodularità;
- l’ecostruttura epatica appare disomogenea e grossolana;
- le vene epatiche, compresse dal parenchima aumentato di
consistenza, tendono ad avere profilo irregolare e
lume ristretto;
- si instaura progressivamente l’ipertrofia del lobo sinistro
e del lobo caudato;
- si instaura ipertensione portale.
14. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI FIBROSI-CIRROSI
Irregolarità della superficie epatica
È meglio
apprezzabile
usando sonde ad
alta frequenza
(Di Lelio, Radiology 1989)
15. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI CIRROSI
Irregolarità e nodularità della superficie epatica
16. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI CIRROSI
Nodularità della superficie epatica
• È meglio visibile
sulla superficie
posteriore del
fegato e in presenza
di ascite
• N.B.: la nodularità
della superficie
NON corrisponde ai
noduli di
rigenerazione!
17. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI FIBROSI-CIRROSI
Coarse echo pattern
“Presenza di echi
parenchimali
grossolani, intensi e
diseguali, distribuiti
disomogeneamente”
(Saverymuttu, BMJ 1980)
18. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI CIRROSI
Coarse nodular pattern
“Presenza di multipli
noduli debolmente
ipoecogeni, di piccole
dimensioni (< 6 mm),
distribuiti in un coarse
echo pattern”
(Tarao, Cancer 1995)
19. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI FIBROSI-CIRROSI
Alterazioni dell’aspetto delle vene epatiche
ASSOTTIGLIAMENTO E DEFORMAZIONE DEL DECORSO
20. SEGNI ECOGRAFICI DI CIRROSI
Ipertrofia del lobo caudato
Rapporto tra i
diametri trasversali
del lobo caudato e
del lobo epatico
destro (C/RL)
Valore normale < 0,65
(Harbin, Radiology 1980)
C=62
RL=83
C/RL=0.73
21. ATTENDIBILITÀ DEI SEGNI ECOGRAFICI NELLA
DIAGNOSI DI CIRROSI (36 studi dal 1981 al 2015)
SENSIBILITÀ SPECIFICITÀ
IRREGOLARITÀ
DELLA SUPERFICIE
~ 80 % ~ 90 %
COARSE ECHO
PATTERN
~ 70 % ~ 90 %
IPERTROFIA DEL
CAUDATO
~ 60 % ~ 100 %
SEGNI DI
IPERTENSIONE
PORTALE
~ 60 % ~ 100 %
22. DIAGNOSI ECOGRAFICA DI CIRROSI
PROBLEMI
• IDENTIFICAZIONE DELLE FORME INIZIALI
(passaggio da epatite cronica a cirrosi)
• IDENTIFICAZIONE DELLE FORME LIEVI
(con scarsi fenomeni rigenerativi e assenza di
ipertensione portale)
30. STEATOSI FOCALMENTE IPOECOGENA
Caratteristiche ecografiche
• CONTORNI
IRREGOLARI
• ASSENZA DI
“EFFETTO MASSA”
• LOCALIZZAZIONE
PREFERENZIALE
NEL QUARTO
SEGMENTO
• POSSIBILE
VARIAZIONE NEL
TEMPO
36. STEATOSI FOCALMENTE IPOECOGENA
Problemi di interpretazione
• Le biopsie mirate sulle aree focali danno
luogo a tessuto epatico STEATOSICO
• La TC generalmente NON individua le aree
di steatosi focale
► LE ZONE DI STEATOSI FOCALE NON SONO
“AREE DI RISPARMIO”
38. ECOGRAFIA ED EPATOPATIE DIFFUSE
CONCLUSIONI
• DISCRETA SENSIBILITÀ
• ALTA SPECIFICITÀ
• MODESTO VALORE PREDITTIVO NEGATIVO
• ALTO VALORE PREDITTIVO POSITIVO
39. IPERTENSIONE PORTALE
Definizione
AUMENTO DELLA PRESSIONE PORTALE
OLTRE I NORMALI VALORI DI 5-10 mm Hg
TALE AUMENTO PORTA ALLO SVILUPPO
DI CIRCOLI COLLATERALI ATTRAVERSO I
QUALI IL SANGUE RAGGIUNGE LA
CIRCOLAZIONE SISTEMICA EVITANDO IL
PASSAGGIO ATTRAVERSO IL FEGATO
41. IPERTENSIONE PORTALE
SEMEIOLOGIA ECOGRAFICA B-MODE E DOPPLER
- DILATAZIONE DEL SISTEMA PORTALE
- RIDUZIONE DELLA NORMALE ELASTICITÀ DEI VASI
PORTALI
- ASCITE, SPLENOMEGALIA
- ISPESSIMENTO DELLE PARETI DI STOMACO E COLECISTI
- TROMBOSI DEL SISTEMA PORTALE
- CIRCOLI COLLATERALI
- DIMINUZIONE DELLA VELOCITÀ DEL FLUSSO PORTALE
(FINO ALL’INVERSIONE)
42. TROMBOSI PORTALE
Prevalenza
• Pazienti con cirrosi epatica:
- 1.8 % trombosi parziale
- 4.4 % trombosi completa
• Pazienti con epatocarcinoma:
- dal 30 al 70 %
• Pazienti con metastasi epatiche:
- dal 5 all’8 %
43. TROMBOSI PORTALE
SEMEIOLOGIA ECOGRAFICA B-MODE
- MATERIALE ECOGENO NEL LUME DEL VASO,
PIÙ O MENO ECOGENO A SECONDA SI
TRATTI DI TROMBOSI RECENTE O CRONICA
- IL TROMBO DI FORMAZIONE MOLTO RECENTE
È ANECOGENO E NON È VISIBILE
ALL’INDAGINE B-MODE
45. TROMBOSI PORTALE NEOPLASTICA
Caratteristiche
• MATERIALE ECOGENO CHE COMPRIME E
INFILTRA LE PARETI DEL VASO
• LA NEOPLASIA PUÒ ESTENDERSI
DIRETTAMENTE ALL’INTERNO DEL
VASO PORTALE
• POSSIBILE RILEVAMENTO DI SEGNALE
ARTERIOSO ALL’INTERNO DEL
TROMBO