This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment report for a proposed coal-based power plant in Gujarat, India. It describes the existing environmental conditions, including water quality, land use, flora and fauna in the area. It also outlines the potential impacts of the plant on water resources and biodiversity during construction and operation. Mitigation measures are proposed, such as developing green belts, controlling air emissions, and treating wastewater, to minimize adverse environmental impacts.

1. Environment Impact
AssessmentFor Coal Based Power Plant (2 * 135 MW)
Narmada Thermal Power Limited
Village: Padaria, Taluka: Vagra, District: Bharuch, Gujarat
Prepared By:
Abhishek Gautam: 14CE10001
Aditya Parik: 14CE10002
Amit Raj: 14CE10005
Kapil Verma: 14CE10025
Manish Kumar: 14CE10031
Parimal Bhalerao: 14CE30012

2. About the proposed project
 Availability of adequate land for other construction activities, roads, water
treatment plants and green belts etc.
 Area away from ecologically sensitive, notified reserve forests etc.
 Availability of Rail, Road and seaport nearby.
 Nearest water body (lake/ pond) Approx 2.88 Km.
 The total land area available is 122 acres.
 The total cost of project is Rs.14850 millions (approximate).

3. Land Use statistics within 10 Km project area
Sr. No Descriptor Area in Hectare % Area
1 Agricultural Land 11798.22 37.56
2 Salt Pan 6141.90 19.55
3 Mudflats 4934.97 15.71
4 Creek 2992.44 9.53
5 Open Scrub 2827.05 9.00
6 Built-up Industrial 1249.37 3.98
7 Mangroves 972.55 3.10
8 Built-up Residential 219.94 0.70
9 Dense Scrub 134.75 0.43
10 Lake/Pond 82.04 0.26
11 Water Harvesting Structure 42.27 0.13
12 Industrial Tank 19.99 0.06
Total 31415.51 100

4. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The proposed project i.e. Thermal Power Plants (270 MW) fall under
category B Sr. no. 1 (d) in the Government of India Notification no. 1533
dated 14th September, 2006; which require prior Environmental
Clearance before starting construction, production or any other allied
activities related to the project. For getting the Environmental
Clearance;
it is required to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
study report.

5. SIX STEP CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
Step 1
• Identification of environmental impacts of the proposed project
Step 2
• Description of Existing Environment
Step 3
• Procurement of relevant standard
Step 4
• Impact Prediction
Step 5
• Impact Assessment
Step 6
• Identification and incorporation of mitigation measures

6. Step 1 : Impact Identification
 Fresh water is to be extracted from nearby Luwara Branch canal.
 The major water usage in the plant is in the form of demineralisation (DM)
and cooling water.
 Hence wastewater generated will mostly contain higher TDS, chlorides, oil
and grease.
Purpose Quantity
Cooling Tower 653 m3 /day
Boiler 648 m3 /day
DM Makeup water 4.8 m3 /day
Portable Water 72 m3 /day
Regeneration losses [ clarifier blow down, reject from
Ultra Filtration, SAC, SBA, Mixed Bed, Multi grade Filters,
chemicaldosing]
619 m3 /day
Total Usage 1996.8 m3 /day
WATER ENVIRONMENT

7. Step 2 : Existing Ambient Water
Conditions
Village Direction Distance
Padariya SE 2.44
Kadodara SE 4.36
Paniadara NE 3.52
Padariya SE 2.88
Kadodara NE 4.42
Paniadara NW 3.52
Salt Pan SE 1.34

8. Ground Water Quality
Ground water quality observed from the the monitoring locations are
tabulated below :
PARAMETERS Padaria Kadodara Paniadara
pH 7.1 7.9 7.6
Temperature (deg. C) 28 28 28
Conductivity (µmho/cm) 310 4470 4430
Turbidity (NTU) 07 04 05
Total Dissolved Solids, TDS (mg/l) 133 1922 1905
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL
Chlorides (mg/l) 37.8 945 945.36
Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 90 240 260
Sulphates (mg/l) 12.12 263 151
Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 140 712 910

9. PARAMETERS Padaria Kadodara Paniadara
Fluoride (mg/l) 0.08 0.78 1.07
Sodium adsorption ratio 1.18 24.17 19.70
Calcium (mg/l) 28.1 80.16 89.78
Magnesium (mg/l) 4.86 9.72 8.75
Sodium (mg/l) 25.6 856 725
Potassium (mg/l) 1.3 57.8 40.7
Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (mg/l) 1.02 BDL 1.64
Oil & Grease (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL
Nitrates (mg/l) 11.5 126 2.07
Phosphates (mg/l) 0.23 0.23 0.42
Copper (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL
Cadmium(mg/l) BDL BDL BDL
Mercury(mg/l) BDL BDL BDL
Total coliform (CFU/100ml) 20 46 18
E-Coli Absent Absent Absent

10. Surface Water Quality
Surface water quality observed from the monitoring locations are
tabulated below :
PARAMETERS Padaria Kadodara Paniyadara Salt Pan
pH 7.7 7.4 7.6 8.2
Temperature (deg. C) 28 28 28 28
Conductivity (µmho/cm) 1113 1872 1645 904
Turbidity (NTU) 44 98 66 66
Total Dissolved Solids, TDS
(mg/l)
478.59 804.96 707.35 388.72
Total Suspended Solids
(mg/l)
84 288 172 136
Chlorides (mg/l) 189.1 614 425 284
Total Hardness as CaCO3
(mg/l)
120 200 190 80
Sulphates (mg/l) 111 441 195 221

11. PARAMETERS Padaria Kadodara Paniyadara Salt Pan
Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 480 440 440 280
Fluoride (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL
Calcium (mg/l) 28 40.1 24 10.02
Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen
(mg/l)
1.22 1.46 1.06 0.92
Oil & Grease (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL
Nitrates (mg/l) 16.37 49 38 16.2
Phosphates (mg/l) 0.73 1.34 0.3 ND
Copper (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL
Cadmium(mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL
Mercury(mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL
Total coliform
(CFU/100ml)
250 08 2500 210
E-Coli Absent Absent Present Absent

12. Step 3 : Procurement of relevant
standards

13. Water Quality Index (Groundwater)
Parameter Value Wi I (max) Wi*I (max) I Wi*I
DO 4 0.17 100 17 45 7.65
Fecal coliforms 28 0.16 100 16 55 8.8
PH 7.98 0.11 93 10.23 85 9.35
BOD5 2 0.11 100 11 90 9.9
NO3 46.5 0.1 100 10 17 1.7
PO4 0.35 0.1 100 10 80 8
Temp 5 0.1 93 9.3 75 7.5
Turbidity 5.5 0.08 100 8 85 6.8
Total solids 1320 0.07 86 6.02 20 1.4
i=1
n
WI(max) 97.55
i=1
n
WI 61.1
Hence ambient GW quality is of medium or average quality

14. Water Quality Index (Surface Water)
Parameter Value Wi I (max) Wi*I (max) I Wi*I
DO 3 0.17 100 17 45 7.65
Fecal coliforms 752 0.16 100 16 25 4
PH 7.7 0.11 93 10.23 90 9.9
BOD5 7 0.11 100 11 45 4.95
NO3 29.9 0.1 100 10 28 2.8
PO4 0.8 0.1 100 10 50 5
Temp Change 5 0.1 93 9.3 75 7.5
Turbidity 68.5 0.08 100 8 30 2.4
Total solids 170 0.07 86 6.02 75 5.25
i=1
n
WI(max) 97.55
i=1
n
WI 49.45
Hence ambient SW quality is of Medium or average quality

15. Step 4 : Impact Prediction
 The plant will mainly use water of demineralisation and cooling.
 Contamination arises from demineralisers, lubricating and auxiliary fuel oils,
chlorine, biocides, and other chemicals used to manage the quality of water
in cooling systems.
 Cooling tower blow down will be high in total dissolved solids and residual
chlorine.
 Such a usage mainly affects water temperature, TDS and pH values.
 Water discharged can be as much as 20 deg. C above ambient temperature.
 Water temperatures in local bodies where water is dumped can rise by even
as much as 5 deg. C.
 Further TDS rich and mineral rich nature to wastewater along with higher
temperatures can promote eutrophication.

16. The different components of the plant are expected to release
wastewater of the following characteristics :
Waste water Avg. pH TDS (mg/l) Quantity
(m3/day)
Clarifier blow down 7 300 50
Cooling Tower Blow down 7 1650 116
Ultra Filtration reject 7 1416 224
Multi-grade backwash 7 1500 164
SAC Regeneration 3 500 84
SBA Regeneration 11 500 84
MB Regeneration 7 100 12
Chemical Dosing Reject 7 0.2 0.96
DM Make-up Reject 7 0.2 4.8
Boiler Blow down 7 800 648
Washing 7 4780 40
Total Weighted Avgs 1096

17. Step 5 : Impact Assessment
Hence ambient Effluent is of WQI drops by almost 12 points
Assuming all water comes from surface water sources, the effluent’s quality index can be
calculated as :
Parameter Value Wi I (max) Wi*I (max) I Wi*I
DO 3 0.17 100 17 45 7.65
Fecal coliforms 752 0.16 100 16 25 4
PH 8.5 0.11 93 10.23 60 6.6
BOD5 7 0.11 100 11 45 4.95
NO3 29.9 0.1 100 10 28 2.8
PO4 0.8 0.1 100 10 50 5
Temp Change 10 0.1 93 9.3 40 4
Turbidity 68.5 0.08 100 8 30 2.4
Total solids 1096 0.07 86 6.02 5 0.35
i=1
n
WI(max) 97.55
i=1
n
WI 37.75

18. Step 6 : Identification and Incorporation of
mitigation measures
 The plant proposes to use a Neutralisation pit for storing high pH effluent and
correcting its pH.
 The oil and grease in effluent from fuel oils can be separated using gravity
separator or oil skimmers
 Wastewater after removal of oil and grease shall be stored in collection ponds
for water to settle and also for cooling down to ambient temperatures.
 Flocculating agents can be used to quicken clarification of effluent.
 The wastewater developed from domestic usage due to the human population
in the plant can be diverted to any nearby wastewater plant for treatment.
 The water in collection ponds can be reused for ash/ dust conditioning and
green belt watering activities.

19.  The Final effluent characteristics after all the mitigation measures is
expected to have :
Parameter Characteristics at
collection pond
pH 7.5
TDS 761 mg/L
TSS <50 mg/L
Oil and Grease <5 mg/L
Chlorides <10 mg/L
This is quite an improvement to the original effluent characteristics. The
thermal pollution has been completely mitigated and pH is also in a normal
level.

20. Biological Environment
 The primary objective of survey was to describe the floral and faunal communities
within the study area. The sampling plots for floral inventory were selected
randomly in the suitable habitats within the 10km radius from the project site.
 The area covers 14 villages of the study area.
4 villages in core zone
10 villages in outer zone

21.  FLORA
 42 species of trees belong to 21 families are enumerated from the study area.
The dominant trees in the study area are Prosopis cineraria,
Azadirachtaindica, etc.
 28 shrub species belong to 19 families are enumerated from the study area.
The dominant shrub community in this area was represented by
ProsopisJuliflora(Gandobaval), Balanitesaegyptiaca(Ingorio).
 39 shrub species belong to 22 families are enumerated from the study area.
 Overall nine species of climbers belonging to 3 families are recorded from the
area.
 Major crops in the study area are Tuver, Wheat and Cotton.
 Among the enumerated flora in the study area, none of them were assigned
any threat category, by RED data book of Indian Plants

22.  FAUNA
 Only one sighted birds were evaluated as near threatened by IUCN, 2010.
 9 Different types of butterfly were sighted in the study area.
 Among the reptiles, Indian Cobra, and Common rat snake are endangered.
 Among mammals; Common Mongoose and Jungle cat are endangered.

23. Sr. No. Project Aspect Impact on Ecology and Biodiversity
1. Construction Phase
• Removal of site vegetation like herbs, shrubs
and grasses.
• Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves
of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary
reduction of photosynthesis.
• Generation of Noise due to construction.
• Site specific loss of common floral diversity.
• Site specific loss of associated faunal diversity.
• Site specific loss of habitat diversity.
• Site specific disturbance to faunal species.
2. Operation and Maintenance Phase
• The major gaseous pollutants expected during
the operation phase are Particulate Matter, SO2
and NOx.
• Air born emission from the combustion of coal,
fly ash and bottom ash.
• Impact on surrounding flora and fauna.
IMPACT ON ECOLOGY
The impact of proposed plant on vegetation in the study
area may occur through following ways:

24. Sr. No. Impact Description Impact Mitigation measures/ Remark
1. Site specific loss of common floral
diversity.
Adverse; Minor The study area is devoid of natural
forests except few scrub jungle, so the
overall impact is negligible.
Low impact construction approach,
will be adopted which would minimize
amount of the clearing required
2. Development of Green belt Beneficial; Major Apart from function as pollution sink,
greenbelt would provide other benefit
like providing suitable habitats for
birds and animals.
3. Disturbance to faunal species. Adverse; Minor During construction phase, the faunal
species are disturbed. But
development of a green belt will
reduce that effect and also provide a
better habitat conditions.

25. MITIGATION MEASURES
 It is recommended to develop green belt around the periphery of the plant.
 In addition to development of green belt within the premises the company is
committed to carry out afforestation and biodiversity improvement
programme in the surrounding villages.
 A regular monitoring program shall be carried out for various environment
parameters.
 Proper environment & safety policy should be planned.

26.  Increase in SPM level in air vehemently
 Deterioration of air quality due to Fugitive emission and
Flue gas emission.
Air Environment

27. Air Quality
Identification of project activities having impacts on Air Environment
 The primary emissions shall occur through fugitive emission and point source
emission
 Sources of Fugitive emission :
 i) Loading/ Unloading of coal at port and project site.
 ii) Transportation from port to plant
 iii) Stacking of coal/ Coal storage area.
 iv) Transfer of coal from storage yard to screening, crusher house and coal
storage bin.
 v) Fugitive emission from fly ash storage area.
 Sources of Point Source Emission :
 The major point source emissions are the flue gases

28. Measurement of Air Quality
 It is measured using :-
 i) Ambient Air quality monitoring station –
To measure parameters like PM2.5, PM10 and Oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen.
 ii) Meteorology station –
To record Parameters like Wind speed, Wind direction, Temperature,
Humidity, Rainfall etc.

29. The Ambient Air Quality results for 24-hour Minimum,
Maximum and average value of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx,
concentrations have been presented in table

30. Baseline and Resultant Concentration

31. Mitigation Measures
 For fugitive emission :
 i) Avoid dropping of materials (coal & fly ash) while unloading from height.
 Ii) Sprinkle water on materials before unloading and while wind blowing.
 Iii) Crushing and screening work should be done in closed area.
 iv) Transportation of materials from port to plant should be done in dumpers
or trucks covered with tarpaulin sheets.
 For Point source emission :
 Flue gas stacks of adequate height envisaged with boiler at site should be
installed for proper discharge of fuel gases.

32. Air pollution control equipment
 Electrostatic precipitators -
High efficiency electrostatic precipitators are installed to limit the outlet
emissions.
 Bag filters –
It is installed in different area of operation to control fugitive emissions .

33. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Step1: Identification of proposed project activities having impacts on Socio-
Economic Environment
 Infrastructure in the study area
 Educational facility
 Medical facility
 Drinking water facility
 Communication facility
 Transportation facility
 Power supply
 Economic activity

34. Step2&3: Description of Existing Socio-economic Environment
Out of total population (13541) of the study area population of the males are
higher than
females. Population of the children below six year is 2114.
Total no. of house hold 2817
Total no. of population 13541
Total no. of males 7134
Total no. females 6407
Total literate 8518
Total Illiterate 5023
Main workers 516
Marginal workers 2172
Non Workers 6253
Sex ratio 111

36. Impacts Prediction
Degree of Occurrence
quoted by 34 Respondents
%
Score
5 4 3 2 1 Rank
Infrastructure 14 10 7 2 1 136 1st
Transportation 12 9 8 3 2 128 2nd
Ecology Conservation 9 13 7 4 1 127 3rd
Education 8 14 6 5 1 125 4th
Power Suply 10 9 6 7 2 120 5th
Step 4&5: Impact :Prediction & Assessment

37. Prediction And Assessment
on the Importance Basis
The Prediction and Assessment are based on the Survey of 34 Experts of related filed

38. Impact Prediction
Degree of severity quoted
By 34 Respondent scale (1-5) Score Average Rank
5 4 3 2 1
Air Pollution 17 10 5 1 1 143 4.206 6.797 1st
Waste Disposal 16 8 7 3 0 139 4.088 6.058 2nd
Climate Change 15 10 5 4 0 138 4.059 5.805 3rd
Water Pollution 13 12 7 1 1 137 4.029 5.762 4th
Material Wastage 15 10 5 2 2 136 4.000 5.630 5th
Noise from Operation 14 11 5 2 2 135 3,971 5.450 6th
Greenhouse effect 11 12 9 0 2 132 3.882 5.450 7th
Global Warming 12 10 7 3 2 131 3.842 4.324 8th
Dust 11 12 7 2 2 130 3.824 4.439 9th
Visual Disturbance 12 10 7 4 0 129 3.794 4.970 9th
Natural Disaster 11 12 5 4 2 128 3.765 4.439 11th
Loss of Tree/Plants 12 9 7 4 2 127 3.735 3.962 12th
Loss of Wild Life 13 10 4 3 4 127 3.735 4.439 13th
Natural Disaster 9 10 8 4 3 120 3.529 3.115 14th
Loss of Wild life 10 7 8 5 4 116 3.412 2.388 15th

39. MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Regular monitoring of important parameters is of
immense importance to assess the status of environment
during plant operation.
The main attributes for which monitoring shall be carried
out are:
• Ambient air Quality
• Stack Emission
• Wastewater Quality
• Noise Level

40. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
The ambient air quality with respect to NOx, SO2, Suspended
particulate matter, PM10 and PM2.5 shall be monitored at least
two locations in the project site and two locations in the
surrounding villages within 3 km radius.
STACK MONITORING
All the stacks in the proposed thermal power plant shall be
monitored continuously through online system, with respect to
temperature, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Suspended Particulate
Matter (SPM), Sulphur dioxide (SOx), Carbon monoxide (CO) level.

41. WATER AND WASTE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Daily analysis of influent and effluent streams is recommended.
Sampling and analysis of the raw water from the canal, recycled
stream from DM plant and wastewater from individual units; Cooling
tower blow down, Boiler blow down, Drainage from the plant, shall
be conducted once in day.
NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Monitoring of the noise levels is essential to assess the effectiveness
of Environmental Management Plan implemented to reduce noise
levels. A good quality sound level meter and noise exposure meter
may be procured for the same.

42. Land Environment
In general, one or more of the following activities impart adverse
impact on land environment
Activities associated with construction
• Raw material handling and storage
• Handling and disposal of solid wastes including fly ash and bottom
ash, which may deteriorate soil characteristics and change the
physical features and drainage, etc.
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR LAND ENVIRONMENT
• Proper care shall be taken in order to protect the land from the
pollution caused due to spillage of oil and other waste material.
• Proper disposal of the hazardous waste generated during Operational
and Construction Phase.

43. Benefits of Project
 Medical center will provided to the near by villager at the Free cost.
 Increase in the employment facilities due to the upcoming project.
 More Budget Allotment for Economic development.
 Better Infrastructure and education facility.
 Better Transportation facility in the Area.

44. References
 www.gpcb.gov.in
 http://seiaa.gujarat.gov.in/Narmada%20Thermal%20Power%20Ltd.pdf
 http://gpcb.gov.in/pdf/Narmada_Thermal_Power_EIA_Report_Part_I.pdf
 http://envfor.nic.in/

45. THANK YOU