a presentation explaining the importance of EIA by an example of case study on Sardar Sarovar Dam.

1. A Seminar
On
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
(Including a case study)
Presented By Presented To
Rishabh Tiwari Sri Ram Chaurasia
Associate Professor
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2. CONTENTS
• What is EIA ?
• Type of Projects & their environmental impacts.
• Sardar Sarovar Dam – A case study.
• Projected benefits.
• Environmental impacts of Sardar Sarovar dam project.
• Protest (Narmada bachao andolan).
• Current status of the project.
• Environmental safeguard measures.
• References.
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3. What is EIA ?
• Any engineering project involving development surely cause
some adverse effect on our surrounding.
• It forced us to make compulsory to evaluate these adverse
impacts on environment in detail.
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating
the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project, taking
into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-
health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
• EIA submission is compulsory for project clearance for execution.
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4. Types of Projects
• All such impact assessments should thoroughly examine and discuss
various possible environmental pollutions.
• EIA of following three major projects are discussed further.
Thermal power plants.
Mining.
River valley projects.
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5.  Environmental impacts of thermal power plant
• These plants generally use coal or fuel oil as fuel.
• If coal is used, pollutants like fly ash, sulphur dioxide(SO2) and
nitrogen oxides (NOx) are produced.
• If oil is used, only sulphur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are
produced as major pollutants.
• Fly ash from the thermal power plant is observed to fall out up to
large distances(3-6 Km) which is harmful to the air environment.
• For an instance, Indraprastha and Rajghat power houses in Delhi near
ITO, are responsible for polluting Delhi's air on a large scale.
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6.  Environmental impacts of mining
• Discharge of acid-mine-water into surface water bodies.
• Discharge of toxic radioactive substances.
• It adds gaseous pollutants and dust particles to the air.
• Land subsidence due to underground mining.
• Land degradation due to open cast mining.
• Deforestation.
• Noise and ground vibration.
WATER
POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
DE-SPOILATION
OF LAND
NOISE POLLUTION
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7. Environmental impacts of river valley project
1) Negative Impacts :
• Loss of forest & agricultural land.
• Loss of religious sites.
• Displacement of people coming in submergence zone of a dam.
• Water logging and salinity of irrigated land.
• Reservoir induced seismicity.
• Adverse impacts to fisheries.
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8. 2) Positive Impacts :
• Availability of domestic water supplies.
• Overall increase in wood production.
• Development of tourism and recreation.
• Flood control.
In total, we can say that multipurpose projects do not
cause environmental degradation and have environmental-harmony
nature.
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9. Sardar Sarovar Dam – A case study
• The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near
Navagam, Gujarat in India.
• It is one of the largest water resources projects of India covering four
major states - Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan.
• The project took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to
increase irrigation and produce hydroelectricity.
• Most importantly, This dam is one of India's most controversial
project and its environmental impacts are widely debated.
• It is, in fact, designed as a concrete gravity dam, having a height up to
FRL 138.68 m.
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10. Projected Benefits :
Recreation
38%
Flood control
18%
Fire & farm ponds
17%
Irrigation
11%
Tailing & others
8%
Undetermined
4%
Hydroelectric
3%
Debris control
1%
Recreation Flood control Fire & farm ponds Irrigation Tailing & others Undetermined Hydroelectric Debris control
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11. Environmental impacts of Sardar Sarovar dam project
1) Submergence causing loss of forest and agricultural land :
In order to minimize the adverse
effects of submergence it becomes necessary …
• To compensate and mitigate the losses due to deforestation.
• To reduce the dam height up to a minimum possible value.
After thoroughly examining, dam height was finally decided FRL 138.68
m by constituted tribunal in 1979.
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12. 2) Loss of wild life :
• It was clarified that it will not cause any loss of flora and fauna.
• Also it will help to develop five sanctuaries.
3) Displacement of Tribals :
• Tribals, living in submergence zone, need to be displaced elsewhere.
• Nearly 2000-3000 families may opt rehabilitation in Gujarat, which is
manageable.
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13. 4) Submergence of old monuments:
• No protected archaeological monument lies in submergence area.
• Only few temples, like Shoolpaneshwar Mahadev at village Supan, are
likely to be affected.
5) Water-logging and Salinity problem:
• The problem of waterlogging and soil salinity is little serious here.
• It is so because the command areas of the projects have largely black
soils, which have very good water retention capacity.
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14. 6) Seismic effect of the reservoir :
• By survey, it was concluded that formation of reservoir in this area
may cause earthquake to occur but not of destructing dimensions.
• So the dams have been designed to withstand earthquake shocks of
magnitude 6.5 (Richter scale).
7) Health aspects :
• No risk of malaria & Schistosomiasis like diseases by irrigation
facilities for 17 years (As studied by teams of WHO)
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15. Protest (Narmada Bachao Andolan)
• A protest was being done by adivasis, farmers, environmentalists
against raising the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam lead by Ms.
Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.
• Principal ground of opposition were…
a) Non fulfillment of basic environmental conditions.
b) Insufficient plans & studies.
c) Local inhabitants not being taken into confidence.
d) Insufficient compensation.
• It was a protest by the NBA that caught the World Bank’s attention
and it's participation in these projects was cancelled in 1995.
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16. Current status of the project
• The work of raising of dam up to 121.92 m is completed. The
Narmada Control Authority has given the permission on 12.06.2014
to raise the Dam height from 121.91 m to 138.68 m The work has
been started on 12.06.2014 and the same will be completed within 2
years.
• 67.46 LCM concrete work completed in May-2016.
• All 29 piers are raised to full height. Construction of all 30 nos. of
bridge span are also completed.
• 6115 MT Radial Gates/Stoplog Gates are installed out of 7200 MT.
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17. Environmental safeguard measures
• Catchment Area Treatment works have been completed in the entire
catchment area (29157 Ha) within Gujarat.
• Compensatory afforestation has been carried out in 4650 hectares of
non-forest area in kachahh district as well as 9300 hectares degraded
forest area. Plantation in 5432 hectares has been completed in the
vicinity of the dam.
• The temples of Hameshwar and Shoolpaneshwar relocated to higher
elevations.
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18. 18
References
Garg, S.K. (2015) : Sewage disposal And Air Pollution Engineering, Khanna publishers,
New Delhi
http://www.sardarsarovardam.org
http://www.ripublication.com
Narmada diary: A documentary from http://www.spannerfilms.net
http://www.environmentportal.in
http://www.wikipedia.org

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21. 21
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Total
Submergencearea(ha)
Riparian States
Submergence Details of SSP (138.68 m)
Agricultural Land Forest Land Waste Land

22. 22
0
50
100
150
200
250
Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra
No.ofvillagessubmerged
Riparian states
Affected villages
Fully submerged Partially submerged