This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment seminar presentation on the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India. It discusses what an EIA is, types of projects that require EIAs like thermal power plants, mining, and river valley projects. It then focuses on the Sardar Sarovar Dam project as a case study, outlining its projected benefits, environmental impacts, protests against the project, and current status along with environmental safeguard measures taken.

1. A Seminar
On
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
(Including a case study)
Presented By Presented To
Rishabh Tiwari Sri Ram Chaurasia
Associate Professor
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2. CONTENTS
• What is EIA ?
• Type of Projects & their environmental impacts.
• Sardar Sarovar Dam – A case study.
• Projected benefits.
• Environmental impacts of Sardar Sarovar dam project.
• Protest (Narmada bachao andolan).
• Current status of the project.
• Environmental safeguard measures.
• References.
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3. What is EIA ?
• Any engineering project involving development surely cause
some adverse effect on our surrounding.
• It forced us to make compulsory to evaluate these adverse
impacts on environment in detail.
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating
the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project, taking
into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-
health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
• EIA submission is compulsory for project clearance for execution.
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4. Types of Projects
• All such impact assessments should thoroughly examine and discuss
various possible environmental pollutions.
• EIA of following three major projects are discussed further.
Thermal power plants.
Mining.
River valley projects.
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5.  Environmental impacts of thermal power plant
• These plants generally use coal or fuel oil as fuel.
• If coal is used, pollutants like fly ash, sulphur dioxide(SO2) and
nitrogen oxides (NOx) are produced.
• If oil is used, only sulphur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are
produced as major pollutants.
• Fly ash from the thermal power plant is observed to fall out up to
large distances(3-6 Km) which is harmful to the air environment.
• For an instance, Indraprastha and Rajghat power houses in Delhi near
ITO, are responsible for polluting Delhi's air on a large scale.
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6.  Environmental impacts of mining
• Discharge of acid-mine-water into surface water bodies.
• Discharge of toxic radioactive substances.
• It adds gaseous pollutants and dust particles to the air.
• Land subsidence due to underground mining.
• Land degradation due to open cast mining.
• Deforestation.
• Noise and ground vibration.
WATER
POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
DE-SPOILATION
OF LAND
NOISE POLLUTION
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7. Environmental impacts of river valley project
1) Negative Impacts :
• Loss of forest & agricultural land.
• Loss of religious sites.
• Displacement of people coming in submergence zone of a dam.
• Water logging and salinity of irrigated land.
• Reservoir induced seismicity.
• Adverse impacts to fisheries.
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8. 2) Positive Impacts :
• Availability of domestic water supplies.
• Overall increase in wood production.
• Development of tourism and recreation.
• Flood control.
In total, we can say that multipurpose projects do not
cause environmental degradation and have environmental-harmony
nature.
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9. Sardar Sarovar Dam – A case study
• The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near
Navagam, Gujarat in India.
• It is one of the largest water resources projects of India covering four
major states - Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan.
• The project took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to
increase irrigation and produce hydroelectricity.
• Most importantly, This dam is one of India's most controversial
project and its environmental impacts are widely debated.
• It is, in fact, designed as a concrete gravity dam, having a height up to
FRL 138.68 m.
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10. Projected Benefits :
Recreation
38%
Flood control
18%
Fire & farm ponds
17%
Irrigation
11%
Tailing & others
8%
Undetermined
4%
Hydroelectric
3%
Debris control
1%
Recreation Flood control Fire & farm ponds Irrigation Tailing & others Undetermined Hydroelectric Debris control
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11. Environmental impacts of Sardar Sarovar dam project
1) Submergence causing loss of forest and agricultural land :
In order to minimize the adverse
effects of submergence it becomes necessary …
• To compensate and mitigate the losses due to deforestation.
• To reduce the dam height up to a minimum possible value.
After thoroughly examining, dam height was finally decided FRL 138.68
m by constituted tribunal in 1979.
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12. 2) Loss of wild life :
• It was clarified that it will not cause any loss of flora and fauna.
• Also it will help to develop five sanctuaries.
3) Displacement of Tribals :
• Tribals, living in submergence zone, need to be displaced elsewhere.
• Nearly 2000-3000 families may opt rehabilitation in Gujarat, which is
manageable.
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13. 4) Submergence of old monuments:
• No protected archaeological monument lies in submergence area.
• Only few temples, like Shoolpaneshwar Mahadev at village Supan, are
likely to be affected.
5) Water-logging and Salinity problem:
• The problem of waterlogging and soil salinity is little serious here.
• It is so because the command areas of the projects have largely black
soils, which have very good water retention capacity.
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14. 6) Seismic effect of the reservoir :
• By survey, it was concluded that formation of reservoir in this area
may cause earthquake to occur but not of destructing dimensions.
• So the dams have been designed to withstand earthquake shocks of
magnitude 6.5 (Richter scale).
7) Health aspects :
• No risk of malaria & Schistosomiasis like diseases by irrigation
facilities for 17 years (As studied by teams of WHO)
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15. Protest (Narmada Bachao Andolan)
• A protest was being done by adivasis, farmers, environmentalists
against raising the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam lead by Ms.
Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.
• Principal ground of opposition were…
a) Non fulfillment of basic environmental conditions.
b) Insufficient plans & studies.
c) Local inhabitants not being taken into confidence.
d) Insufficient compensation.
• It was a protest by the NBA that caught the World Bank’s attention
and it's participation in these projects was cancelled in 1995.
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16. Current status of the project
• The work of raising of dam up to 121.92 m is completed. The
Narmada Control Authority has given the permission on 12.06.2014
to raise the Dam height from 121.91 m to 138.68 m The work has
been started on 12.06.2014 and the same will be completed within 2
years.
• 67.46 LCM concrete work completed in May-2016.
• All 29 piers are raised to full height. Construction of all 30 nos. of
bridge span are also completed.
• 6115 MT Radial Gates/Stoplog Gates are installed out of 7200 MT.
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17. Environmental safeguard measures
• Catchment Area Treatment works have been completed in the entire
catchment area (29157 Ha) within Gujarat.
• Compensatory afforestation has been carried out in 4650 hectares of
non-forest area in kachahh district as well as 9300 hectares degraded
forest area. Plantation in 5432 hectares has been completed in the
vicinity of the dam.
• The temples of Hameshwar and Shoolpaneshwar relocated to higher
elevations.
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References
Garg, S.K. (2015) : Sewage disposal And Air Pollution Engineering, Khanna publishers,
New Delhi
http://www.sardarsarovardam.org
http://www.ripublication.com
Narmada diary: A documentary from http://www.spannerfilms.net
http://www.environmentportal.in
http://www.wikipedia.org

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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Total
Submergencearea(ha)
Riparian States
Submergence Details of SSP (138.68 m)
Agricultural Land Forest Land Waste Land

22. 22
0
50
100
150
200
250
Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra
No.ofvillagessubmerged
Riparian states
Affected villages
Fully submerged Partially submerged