The present study was carried out to analyze the impact of domestic waste disposal at the Gazipur dumping site in Delhi, India on groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected from 16 locations around the dumping site and were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The results showed that parameters like conductivity, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, sulfates and nitrates exceeded permissible limits at locations close to the dumping site, indicating contamination from leachate. Proper management of the dumping site and regular monitoring of groundwater quality in the surrounding areas is recommended to prevent further degradation of groundwater resources.

1. Carried out at
Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi
Ministry of Forest & Environment
(Govt of India)
PRESENTED BY:
MOHARANA CHOUDHURY
M Sc –Environmental Science
GURUKUL KANGRI UNIVERSITY , HARIDWAR
249404 (U.K) YEAR 2011
Under Joint Supervision
Dr. Nitin Kamboj & Dr. P. K Behera
(Assistant Professor, Dept of Environmental Science GKU)
(Scientist C & I/C Water lab CPCB, DELHI)

2. In recent years, an increasing threat to ground Water quality due to human activities has
become of great importance. The adverse effects on groundwater quality are the results
of man’s activity at ground surface, unintentionally by agriculture, domestic and
industrial effluents, unexpectedly by agriculture, domestic and industrial effluents,
unexpectedly by sub-surface or surface disposal of sewage and industrial wastes.
Objective of Study:
The main intention of this study was out to access the impact of solid wastes which
being dumped at Gazipur dumping site since from long time, specially on ground water
quality around the surrounding area of the site at Delhi, India. As the ground water is
one of the major sources of drinking water in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus it is very
important to know the ground water quality and its distributions which is important for
human health and management concern.
The present study was carried out to study the impact of domestic wastes disposal on ground water
quality at Delhi, India. Ground water is one of the major sources of drinking water in arid and semi-arid regions.
Ground water quality data and its distributions are important for the purpose of planning and management.

3. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) :The stationary organization was
constituted in September 1974 under the water ( prevention and control of
pollution) act 1974.
further CPCB was entrusted with power and function under the air( prevention
and control o f pollution) act 1981.
•It service as a field formation and also provides technical service to ministry of
environmental and forest of the provisions of environment protection act, 1987
•There are several function of CPCB as:-
1)To promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of states by
prevention ,control and abatements of water pollution
2)To promote the quality of air and prevent , control or abate air pollution in
the country .
3) Air quality monitoring is a n important part of air quality management

4. Sample
NO
Location Identification Direction Approximate Source Remark
Ga 1 Gazipur Dairy
Farm
General Store
Kappor Medicals
N
Within50 m –
500 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 2 Gazipur Dairy
Farm
Billu Gujar’s House D-36
N
Within 50 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 3 Gazipur Dairy
IIias’s House D-50 N
Within 50 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 4 Farm Bheem Singh House
Dairy D-48, Road6
N
Within 50 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 5
Gazipur Dairy
Asraf’s House
D-73
In front of Delhi
Nagar Nigam Office
N
Within 50 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 6 Farm Within landfill site
N
On Site
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 7 Gazipur Dairy House of Mr.
Subendra Singh
B-38
W
Within50 m –
500 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 8 Farm Guruji Golvelkar
Park
W
Within 50 m
500 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking

5. Ga 9 Gazipur Dairy ETP construction
Area
E Within 50 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 10 Farm ETP construction
Area
E Within 50 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga 11 Gazipur Dairy ETP construction
Area
E
Within 50 m Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
used for
drinking
Ga -12 Inside slaughter
House (under con
Struction)
Slaughter house
E
Within 50 m
500 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
Used for
drinking
Ga -13 Slaughter house
Plant
(under construction
Slaughter house for
cutting
Animals
E
Within 50 m-
500 m
Bore Well
(Motor
Driven
Used for
Drinking
Ga -14 Multah Colony
Near canal (Harijan
Colony)
Pratap Sing C-641 S
Within 50 m 500 m Hand Pump Used for
Drinking
Ga -15 Mullah colony
Near canal (Harijan
Colony)
Mulli Khatu C-380 S
Within 50 m 500 m Hand Pump Used for
drinking
Ga -16 Mullah Colony
(Mosque)
Mosque
S
Within 50 m 500 m Bore Well
(Motor
Driven)
Used for
Drinking

6. -
S.No. Physico-chemical
Parameter
Method Equipment
A.
1. pH Electrometric pH Meter
2 Conductivity Electrometric Conductivity Meter
3 TDS Electrometric Conductivity Meter
4 Alkalinity Titration by H2 S04 -
5 Hardness Titration by EDTA -
6 Chloride Titration by AgNO3 -
7 Sulphate Turbidimetric Turbidity Meter
8 Nitrate Ultraviolet Screening UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
9 Phosphate Molybdophosphoric
acid
UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
10 Fluoride SPANDS UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
11 Sodium Flame emission Flame Photometer
12 Potassium Flame emission Flame Photometer
13 Calcium Titration By EDTA -
14 Magnesium Titration By EDTA -
Analytical methods, parameters and equipments used in the study

8. -
Fig1:- Photo showing Gazipur M.C.D (Municipal corporation of Delhi) dumping side
Delhi, near Mother Dairy (Entry side)
Fig 2:- Photo view of dumping site Gazipur near Mulla Colony & Hindon Canal

9. -
Fig3:- During field study at GAZIPUR
dumping side, near fish mark

10. Fig5:- Showing bore well which is used for ground water

11. RESULTS
S.N Parameters Ga 1 Ga 2 Ga 3 Ga 4 Permissible
Limit (BSI)
Permissible
Limit(WHO
1 pH 6.66 6.67 6.84 7.06 6.5- 8.5
2 Conductivity ( us/cm) 2000 1540 2177 2365
3 TDS (mg/1) 1400 1068 1524 1656 500
4 Alkalinity ( mg/1) 404 276 264 224
5 Total Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/1)
789 590 618 700
6 Calcium Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/1)
367 189 261 315
7 Mg Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/1)
422 401 357 385
8 Calcium as CaCO3) 147 75 105 126
9 Magnesium as Mg
(mg/1)
95 94 88 92
10 Chloride (mg/1) 370 260 500 560 250 250
11 Sulphate (mg/1) 100 43 62 54 200 200
12 Nitrate (mg/1) 1.15 0.12 1.23 1.15 45 50
13 Phosphate (mg/1) 0.32 0.48 0.84 1.04
14 Fluoride (mg/1) 0.35 0.29 0.35 0.39 1.5 1.5
15 Sodium (mg/1) 168 95 310 360
16 Potassimum (mg/l) 17 9 8 8 - -

12. RESULTS
S.No Parameters Ga 5 Ga 6 Ga 7 Ga 8 Permissible
Limit (BIS)
Permissible
Limit (WHO)
1 pH 7.16 7.60 7.10 6.80 6.5- 8.5
2 Conductivity ( µmhos/cm) 1220 1580 2200 1900
3 TDS (mg/l) 840 1106 1540 1330 500
4 Alkalinity ( mg/l) 208 192 180 164
5 Total Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
370 360 440 410
6 Calcium Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
168 126 100 90
7 Mg Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
202 234 340 320
8 Calcium as Ca 67 50 36 34
9 Magnesium as Mg
(mg/l)
88 90 70 67
10 Chloride (mg/l) 60 105 164 152 250 250
11 Sulphate (mg/l) 59 80 56 74 200 200
12 Nitrate (mg/l) 0.003 0.33 0.46 0.38 45 50
13 Phosphate (mg/l) 0.42 0.24 0.29 0.26
14 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.33 0.59 0.28 0.14 1.5 1.5
15 Sodium (mg/l) 52 124 98 84
16 Potassium (mg/l) 8 5 16 11

13. RESULTS
S.No: Parameters Ga 9 Ga 10 Ga 11 Ga 12 Permissible
Limit (BIS)
Permissible
Limit
(WHO)
Physico-chemical Analysis
1 pH 6.66 6.52 6.43 6.70 6.5- 8.5
2 Conductivity
(µmhos/cm)
2014 2800 2735 2945
3 TDS (mg/l) 1900 1960 1914 2061 500
4 Alkalinity ( mg/l) 224 512 412 510
5 Total Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
800 670 745 835
6 Calcium Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
272 242 265 260
7 Mg Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
548 565 357 660
8 Calcium as Ca 100 42 110 151
9 Magnesium as Mg
(mg/l)
133 137 128 142
10 Chloride (mg/l) 490 380 410 420 250 250
11 Sulphate (mg/l) 120 190 175 180 200 200
12 Nitrate (mg/l) 1.35 1.05 0.60 1.43 45 50
13 Phosphate (mg/l) 0.38 0.56 0.86 0.73
14 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.31 0.12 0.45 0.38 1.5 1.5
15 Sodium (mg/l) 245 239 260 242
16 Potassium (mg/l) 68 56 69 73

14. RESULTS
S.No Parameters Ga 13 Ga 14 Ga 15 Ga 16 Permissibl
e
Limit (BIS)
Permissible
Limit(WHO)
1 pH 6.42 7.76 7.26 6.98 6.5- 8.5
2 Conductivity (µmhos/cm) 2835 1721 1810 1784
3 TDS (mg/l) 1984 1205 1267 1249 500
4 Alkalinity ( mg/l) 432 182 179 185
5 Total Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
735 450 455 462
6 Calcium Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
258 126 220 126
7 Mg Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
557 224 319 424
8 Calcium as Ca 31 55 58 54
9 Magnesium as Mg
(mg/l)
155 88 87 84
10 Chloride (mg/l) 450 189 195 197 250 250
11 Sulphate (mg/l) 185 58 58 57 200 200
12 Nitrate (mg/l) 1.30 0.23 0.68 0.51 45 50
13 Phosphate (mgl1) 0.56 0.36 0.92 0.23
14 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.72 0.32 0.29 0.28 1.5 1.5
15 Sodium (mg/l) 239 104 98 101
16 Potassium (mg/l) 56 20 18 17

15. GRAPHS

16.  The TDS value study was minimum in Ga2 with 1061 mg/l and maximum of 2061mg/l in
Ga 12. This is due presence of huge amount of solid waste. Similarly, Olaniyan. I. O.
(2009) recorded the TDS values as 2000mg /l in surface water contamination in dumping
area.
The maximum value of conductivity was recorded from slaughtering house with a value of
2945µmhos/cm in Ga 12. While minimum value was recorded from dairy farm (Ga 5) with
1220µmhos/cm. This may be due to continuous sanitation works maintained by the farm.
Kumar and Sinha (2010) reported conductivity value increases with increase in solid waste.
Higher values were obtained from those areas with higher concentration of waste.
 The value of chloride was found minimum in Ga 4 with 60 mg/l and maximum with
560mg/l at Ga 5. The permissible limit of chloride given by World Health Organization is
250mg/l cultivated area may be the reason for higher record of value from farm sites.

17.  All the ground water extraction structure should be registered & structure fitted
with mechanism should be regulated to avoid over exploitations & deterioration of
quality f ground water central ground water structure. Public cooperation is
required in this context
 The control should be exercised on massive ground water exploration by
individuals, industries to avoid repair ground water depletion & over exploitation
of recourses.
 The surrounding surface area of ground water abstraction structure should be
frequently chlorinated by use of bleaching powder
 The untreated sewage & sewerage flowing in various open drains are of ground
quality deterioration .proper underground sewage system must be laid in all
inhibited area & the untreated sewage & industrial waste should not be allowed in
open drains.

18. It can concluded that the Gazipur Municipal dumping site, Delhi was found prone to
the ground water contamination through leaching action. The concentration of
various physico-chemical parameters as conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS),
alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate,
fluoride, sodium and potassium were recorded higher at all the Ga 1, Ga 2, Ga 3, Ga
4, Ga 9, Ga10, Ga 11, Ga 12 and Ga 13 sampling sites. Though the concentration of
several other parameters in ground water is within permissible limits yet it is
significant and is thought provoking as the ground water should have been free from
any kind of contamination. Thus, there is a need of scientific management of the
Gazipur dumping site to prevent ground water contamination and the regular
monitoring of the ground water in and adjoining areas of landfill dumping site is also
required.

19.  APHA (1995). Standard methods for the examination of the water and waste water.
American Public Health Association, New York.
 Anonymous (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water (20th edition)
APHA; AWWA. 1200
 Anonymous (2003). Pravish: Ground water CPCB, Delhi. 40 Guidelines for the
selection of site for land filling (CPCB, Hazardous waste management series:
HAZWAMS/23/2002-03)
 Biswas, A. (1998). Water recourse: TATA McGrew Hill Publication Company limited
New Delhi. 1-737
 CEPT (CBCB publication) probe 7: 23-26
 Dhere, M.A., Pawar, C.B. Pardeshi, P.B. & Patil, B.A. (2008) : Muncipal solid
waste disposal in Pune city - An analysis of air and ground water pollution. Curr.
Sci. 95(6) : 773-777.
 De, A.K. (2010). Environmental chemistry (seventh edition), New age international
(P) Ltd, publishers, New Delhi, 364
 Dhere, M.A., Pawar .C.B., Pratapsingh, P.B. and Patil. D.A. (2008). Municipal
solid waste disposal in pune city- An analysis of air and groundwater pollution
curr.Sci. 95(6): 773-777
 Ground water hydrology (1987). Mc Grew hill publisher Inc, Tokyo Japan by
Bower, Herman.
 Khanna, D.R. and. Bhutiani, R.K. (2008). Laboratory Manual of water and
wastewater analysis. Daya publishing house, Delhi -110035.
 Khanna, D.R. and. Bhutiani, R.K. (2004). Water analysis at a glance, ASEA
publication, Rishikesh.
 www.cpcb.in

20.  THANK YOU All Here….!!