BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS Dr. I.D. Mall Department of Chemical Engg.Indian Institute of Technology, RoorkeeRoorkee- 247667

1. BIOLOGICAL EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL IIMMPPAACCTT
AANNAALLYYSSIISS
Dr. I.D. Mall
Department of Chemical Engg.
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Roorkee- 247667

2. VEGETATION AANNDD WWIILLDD LLIIFFEE IIMMPPAACCTT
AANNAALLYYSSIISS
Environment: complex interaction of many factors and change in
one aspect of environment will affect changes of entire system.
Vegetation and wild life are important features of the environment
Physical non living
(abiotic)
Biotic (biological)
Energy, water, air,
topography, soil , minerals,
geological, shtantum
Living (plants & animal),
Flora, Fauna
• Flora: Trees, shrubs, grass, crops, micro floras, aquatic plant,
enlarged species, barriers.
• Fauna: Birds, land animals, fish, shell fish, benthic organism,
insects, micro fauna, enlarged species.

3. • IMPACT
• Direct Impact: Those that destroy,
displace adversely affects plants and
animals.
• Indirect Impact: Those that destroy or
disrupt habitat, ecosystem or other
physical and biological facts upon
which a species depends.

4. Living Things Everywhere Interact With Their
Non-Living Surroundings
Favourable Environment Human survival
• Non living factors: air temperature, water and
soils rich in nutrients
• Living factors: food supply from plants and
animals
• Total environmental setting: suitable to human
psyche.

5. BBiioollooggiiccaall CCoonncceeppttss aanndd TTeerrmmss
• Environment: sum of all factors that influence
organisms and includes more than that
• Physical Factors: The frame work of nature is set by
the non living physical environment-sun, shade,
heat, cold rain, drought, soils, altitude, topography
• Biological factors: living things everywhere interact
with their nonliving surroundings, and the nature of
the inanimate world largely determines which
organisms live where;
• Any alteration in physical factors will bring about a
concomitant effect on living creatures

6. BBiioollooggiiccaall CCoonncceeppttss aanndd TTeerrmmss
• The degree of intimacy between organisms
and their environmental factors ( both living
and non living) varies with species involved
and from place to place.
• Eco System: composed of plant and animal
population
• Succession: natural communities are not
static but pass through a series of
recognisable changes called ecological
succession

7. ASSESSING IMPACT OOFF BBIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
Professional knowledge at plant and animal life and
their habitat requirement, professional judgment of
biotic community’s ability to withstand or respond to
disturbances.
ÞNegative:
• Possible negative impacts that might adversely
affect the biota of the area
• Which biotic habitat will be impacted
• Within each affected habitat, which species has
biological significance
• Are individual specimens involved and if so how will
they be impacted
• Will there be short term biotic impact
• Will there be long term biotic impact

8. ASSESSING IMPACT OOFF BBIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
ÞPositive:
• What are all possible impacts that might
occur or a result of the project program
(retention of natural area)
• Reduction, elimination of noxious, plants and
animal and reduced fire hazard
• Can wild life management program result
from project or program
• Can natural preserves be established (wild
life preservers, parks, sanctuaries)
• Will beneficial species be entering

9. AAsssseessssiinngg BBiioottiicc EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt
– Regional setting for the site or action
– Existing vegetation: weeds, grass lands,
shrub land, forest, other vegetation,
ornamental (native,-----)
– Unique vegetation features:
• Rare or enlarged species
• Species of high visual, historic and aesthetic
appeal
• Plants associated with particular habitat
features
• Threats posed by individual species or
vegetation

10. AAsssseessssiinngg BBiioottiicc EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt
– Retainism or preservation of any plant or
community
– Wild life: Birds, mammals, reptile
amphibians, fish, insects and other
arthropods, pests other animal
– Unique wild life features
– Disturbance level
– Are the plant susceptible to project air
pollution
– Is there an aquatic habitat present

11. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FFOORR AADDDDRREESSSSIINNGG
BBIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL IIMMPPAACCTTSS
I. Identification of biological impact of proposed
project (habitat, changes or loss, chemical cycles
and toxic events)
• To qualitatively identify the potential impacts of
the proposed project on biological resources
including habitats and species.
• Casual activities contribute to the degradation
and loss of ecological values, including animal
and plant species
• Ecosystem structure( abundance-biomass,
community composition, species richness,
species diversity, tropic organization, and spatial
structure) ecosystem function( energy flow,
nutrient cycling, and water retention)

12. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FFOORR AADDDDRREESSSSIINNGG
BBIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL IIMMPPAACCTTSS
II. Preparation of description of existing biological
environment conditions considerations enlarged
or threatened species and critical habitat, flora &
fauna species
• FLORAL PATTERN: General vegetation patterns
of entire area, plant species for bluestem prairie,
tree species in upland forests, tree species in
lowland forests, shrubs and vines , rare plat
species in entire area
• FAUNAL COMPONENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM:
Amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders)
reptiles( turtles, lzards,, snakes), fishes, sport
fisheries, birds, manimals, rare faunal species

13. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FFOORR AADDDDRREESSSSIINNGG
BBIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL IIMMPPAACCTTSS
III. Procurement of relevant laws, regeneration or
criteria related to impacts or condition
IV. Impact prediction
V. Assessment of impact
VI. Identification and incorporation of migration
measures
• Biodiversity is basic property of nature that
provide enormous ecological economics and
aesthetic benefits.
• Regional ecosystem diversity
• Local ecosystem diversity
• Species diversity
• Genetic diversity

16. IImmppaacctt NNeettwwoorrkk ffoorr BBiioollooggiiccaall IImmppaacctt
P R O J E C T
P r e o p e r a t i o n a l P h a s e O p e r a t i o n a l P h a s e
R e m o v a l o f p l a n t s , a n i m a l s a n d
t h e i r h a b i t a t
I m p a c t o n
S o i l S t a b i l i t y a n d
M i c r o f l o r a
P h y s i c a l D i s t u r b a n c e
D i s t u r b a n c e o f p l a n t s , a n i m a l s a n d t h e i r
h a b i t a t ( i n c l u d i n g f o o d s u p p l i e s f e e d i n g ,
r e s t i n g a n d b r e e d i n g a r e a s )
C h a n g e i n p r o d u c t i v i t y /
c o m p o s i t i o n o f p l a n t a n d a n i m a l
c o m m u n i t i e s a n d h a b i t a t s
I m p a c t o n l a n d s c a p e
( v i s u a l a s p e c t s ,
l a n d s c a p e , e c o l o g y )
I m p a c t o n
a m e n i t y
C h a n g e i n e c o n o m i c u s e o f f l o r a a n d f a u n a
( a g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y , h o r t i c u l t u r e , f i s h e r i e s , e t c . )
I m p a c t o n E c o n o m i c O u t p u t I m p a c t o n S o c i o - C u l t u r a l E n v i r o n m e n t
A C T I V I T Y
P R I M A R Y
I M P A C T S
S E C O N D A R Y
I M P A C T S
T E R T I A R Y
I M P A C T S

17. GGUUIIDDIINNGG PPRRIINNCCIIPPLLEESS FFOORR GGRREEEENN
BBEELLTT DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT
• Selection of plant species
– Plant species should be fast growing,
perennial and evergreen with thick cover,
large leaf index and resistant to specified
pollutants
– Plant species should preferably be
indigenous to that ecological balance in
the region could be preserved

18. GGUUIIDDIINNGG PPRRIINNCCIIPPLLEESS FFOORR GGRREEEENN
BBEELLTT DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT
• Placement of plant species
– Trees growing up to 10m or more should be placed
in encircling rows around the installation along
roadsides
– Shrubs should be grown amongst the trees to give
coverage to the tree trunks normally devoid of
foliage
– Differential zones for shrubs and trees could also be
defined based on wind speed and stability
conditions
– Sensitive species should be placed in patches along
the entire green belt
• Maintenance of green belt
– Wastewaters from the industry should preferably be
recycled for maintaining the green belt

19. Width of Greenbelt ffoorr VVaarriioouuss IInndduussttrriieess

20. THANK
YOU