This document discusses energy plantations for ethanol and biodiesel production. It begins by introducing that sugarcane, sweet sorghum, and sugar beet are used to produce ethanol through fermentation of their sugars. Starch from crops like maize and wheat can also be converted to sugar for ethanol production. The document then discusses advantages like renewability and lower emissions of ethanol fuel. It notes India's aim to increase ethanol blending in gasoline. Methods of biodiesel production through transesterification of oils are outlined. Challenges of ethanol and biodiesel like land use and affordability are also summarized.

1. ENERGY PLANTATIONS FOR
ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL
SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-
UDAYPAL DR.ASHUN SIR
CUHP20PLS30

2. INTRODUCTION:-
sugarcane, sweet sorghum and sugar beet are used for the
production of ethanol as sugar containing feedstock. Maize,
wheat and other cereals contain starch and cellulose that can
relatively easily be converted to sugar. In India, ethanol is
primarily produced using sugarcane molasses. This is an
example of first generation biofuels that uses biomass
containing large amounts of sugar or materials that can be
converted to sugar such as starch,cellulose for the generation
of ethanol. Enzyme from yeast, changes the simple sugars into
ethanol and carbon dioxide. Starches and cellulose from
potatoes, corn, wheat, and other plants can also be used in the
production of ethanol by fermentation. However, the starches
and cellulose must first be broken down into simple sugars
.Hydrolytic enzymes converts starches into sugars.

3. 1.Because the ethanol molecule contains oxygen, it
allows the engine to more completely combust the
fuel, resulting in fewer emissions.
2.Since ethanol is produced from plants that
harness the power of the sun, ethanol is also
considered a renewable fuel.
3.Ethanol-blended fuel keeps the fuel system clean
for optimal performance because it does not leave
gummy deposits.
4.Ethanol helps prevent wintertime problems by
acting as a gas-line antifreeze.
BLENDING OF ETHANOL IN PETROL:-
India too now aims to explore the potential of
ethanol blending in petrol. Currently, India uses fuel
with an 8.5% blend of ethanol. This is said to go up
to 20% by 2023.
Why is ethanol used as fuel?

4. BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM RICE
STRAW:-

5. Advantages of Ethanol Fuel:-
1. Ethanol Fuel is Cost-effective Compared to Other
Biofuels:- Corn, sugar cane or grain grows in almost every
country which makes the production economical
compared to fossil fuels
2. Ecologically Effective:-
Using ethanol fuel to power automobiles results in
significantly low levels of greenhouse gases
3. Easily Accessible:-
Ethanol derived from plants like sugarcane, grains, and
corn. All tropical climates support the growth of sugarcane.
Grain and corn grow in every country.
4. Minimizes Dependence on Fossil Fuels

6. 5. Contributes to Creation of Employment to the Country
6. Opens up Untapped Agricultural Sector:-
The need for increased production of corn and grains has
set the farming industry booming.
7. Variety of Sources of Raw Material:-
Although corn and sugarcane are the chief raw material for
producing ethanol fuel, pretty much every crop or plant
containing starch and sugar can be used.
8. Ethanol is Classified as a Renewable Energy Source:-

7. Disadvantages of Ethanol Fuel:-
1. Requires a Large Piece of Land:-
We’ve learned that ethanol is produced from corn,
sugarcane, and grains. All these are crops that need to be
grown in farms.
2. The Distillation Process is Not Good For the
Environment:-
The source of heat for distillation is mostly fossil fuel, and
fossil fuels emit a lot of greenhouse gas, which is
detrimental to the environment.
3. Affinity For Water:-
Pure ethanol has a high affinity for water, and it’s able to
absorb any trace around it or from the atmosphere. In fact,
manufacturers normally indicate 99.8% pure ethanol.

8. 4. Difficult to Vaporize:-
Pure ethanol is hard to vaporize. This makes starting a
car in cold conditions almost difficult.
— Efficiency: Ethanol-blended fuel’s lower energy
efficiency may reduce fuel economy of your engine.
— Stalling: Ethanol can cause engine stalling if the
water in the ethanol separates from the gasoline and
floods the engine. This problem is most likely in engines
that sit unused for long periods of time.
— Corrosion: Ethanol can contribute to corrosion of
fuel tanks and other components, and the risk is even
greater with small engines with aluminum parts.

9. BIODISEL:-
Biodiesel production is the process of producing
the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical
reactions of transesterification and esterification.
This involves vegetable or animal fats and oils being
reacted with short-chain alcohols
(typically methanol or ethanol). The alcohols used
should be of low molecular weight. Ethanol is the
most used because of its low cost, however, greater
conversions into biodiesel can be reached using
methanol. Although the transesterification reaction
can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, the base-
catalyzed reaction is more common. This path has
lower reaction times and catalyst cost low than acid
catalysis

10. 1st generation biofuels
First-generation biofuels are produced from
crops directly from the fields, such as cereals,
maize, sugar beet and cane, and rapeseed. In
Europe rapeseed oil is primarily used for
biodiesel.
2nd generation biofuels
Second-generation biofuels are produced
from residual and waste products from, for
example, agricultural waste

11. Reaction:-
RAW MATERIAL:-ANIMAL FAT ,PLANT OIL
CATALYST :- NaOH,KOH

12. REACTORS FOR BIODISEL PRODUCTION:-
MIXING CHAMBER:-Fat/Oil,Alchol,Catalyst(NaOH,KOH)
mixed by blender

13. REACTION CHAMBER:-Transestrification reaction occurs in
reaction chamber
SEPRATION CHAMBER:-in this chamber glycerol seprated from
biodisel
crude glycerol can be refined into a pure form and
then be used in food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics
industries.
The non-polar methyl ester molecules making up the biodiesel
do not mix with the polar glycerol molecules and the mixture of
products will separate into two layers with the less dense
biodiesel floating on top of the more dense glycerol layer

14. BIODISEL VS BIOETHANOL:-

15. Subsequent to opening up of alternate route i.e. Second
Generation (2G) route for ethanol production, Public Sector
Oil Marketing Companies under the administrative control of
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas are in the process of
setting up 12, 2G bio-refineries with an investment of
Rs.14,000 crore.
In order to encourage setting up of second generation bio-
fuels plants, Government has launched as scheme namely
i.e. "Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN (JaivIndhan-
VatavaranAnukoolfasalawasheshNivaran) Yojana" for
providing financial support to integrated bio-ethanol projects,
using lignocellulosic biomass and other renewable
feedstock. In this, financial support to twelve Integrated Bio
ethanol Projects using lignocellulosic biomass & other
renewable feedstock with total financial outlay of Rs 1969.50
crore for the period 2018-19 to 2023-24 will be provided along
with support to ten demo projects for 2G technology.
2G ETHANOL PROJECT :-

16. THANK YOU