Global climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns due to both natural causes like volcanic eruptions and human activities such as burning fossil fuels. The greenhouse effect traps heat in the lower atmosphere due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, resulting in global warming and rising global temperatures over recent decades. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and threats to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Strategies to address climate change focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through alternatives to fossil fuels, conservation efforts, and preparing for inevitable impacts.

1. CLIMATE CHANGE
Submitted to:- Dr. Ashun Chaudhary Prepared by:- UDAYPAL
Roll No:- CUHP20PLS30

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Global climate change
• Causes of climate change
• Green house effect
• Global warming
• Effect of climate change
• Strategies

3. Introduction
First of all, you should know that weather and climate are not the
same thing.

4. Weather vs. Climate
Weather:- It is temporary
condition of the atmosphere
at a place.
• Short term
• Limited area
• Can change rapidly
• Difficult to predict

5. Climate
Climate:- It is the ovrall average
weather at a place over a period of
time.
• Long term
• Wide area
• Seasonal changes
• Measured over long spans of time

6. Global climate change
• Identifiable change in the climate of earth as a whole that lasts for an
extended period of time (decades or longer)
• When due to natural processes, it is usually referred to as global
climate variabiity.
• Usually refers to changes forced by human activities that change the
atmosphere.
• The world climate is changing , and it will continue to change
throughout the 21st century and beyond.
• Human actions have been primary cause of the climate changes
observed today.

7. Causes of climate change
Natural causes:-
• Volcanic eruptions
• Ocean currents
• Earth orbital changes
• Solar variation

8. Natural factors
Volcanic eruptions:-
• When a volcano erupts it throws
out large volumes of
sulphurdioxide(SO2), watervapour,
dust and ash into the atmosphere.
Ocean current:-
• The ocean current are a major
component of the climate system.
ocean currents move vast amount
of heat across the planet.

9. Continued
Earth orbital changes
• The earth makes one full orbit around the sun
each year. it is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degree to
the perpendicular plane of its orbital path.
• Changes in the tilt of the earth can lead o small but
climatically important changes in the strength of
the seasons.
Forest fires
• A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in an area of
combustible vegetation that occurs in the
countryside or a wilderness area.

10. Human causes
• Green house gases
• Deforestation
• Coal mining
• Burning of fossil fuels
• Industrial processes
• Agriculture

11. Artificial factors
Human activities
• There is strong evidence that the climate
change over the last half century has been
caused largely by human activity, such as
the burning of fossils fuels and including
agriculture and deforestation.
Solar radiations
• 51% of solar radiation absorb by earth.
20% scattered by the clouds 19% absorb
by clouds and the atmosphere and 6%
scattered by atmosphere , 4% reflected by
surface.

12. Greenhouse effect
• The green house effect is when the temprature
goes up , on the earth, since the sun heat and
light energy is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere.
• While the heat from the sun enters our
atmosphere, the heat has trouble leaving back
our atmosphere.
• Emission of green house gases such as water
vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
and CFCs.
• Increase in the global average surface
temprature.
• Green house effect, contributing to global
warming.

14.  carbon dioxide
• In the distant past, the earth was
much warmer . High levels of CO2 in
the atmosphere fueled lush growth,
some of which was stored in the
form of fossil fuels.
• CO2 in earths atmosphere has risen
by about 30% since the beigning of
the industrial revolution.
• Most of the increase is due to the
combustion of fossil fuels, which
releases the long stored CO2 back
into the atmosphere.

16.  Methane
• Methane is released by coal
mining, landfills, and by
agriculture, particularly through
the digestive processes of beef
and milk cows.

17.  Nitrous oxide
• Nitrous oxide is produced by
cars, by fossil fuels used for heat
and electricity, and by
agriculture.

19. Global warming
• Global waring is the increase of
earths average surface
temprature due to effect of
green house gases.
• More recently , the temprature
have been rising causing dangers
for people , animals ,plants and
our environment.

21. Effects of global warming
• Sea level rising
• Global temprature is rising
• Health risk .
• Melting polar icebergs and
glaciers.
• Arctic sea ice loss.

22. ozone depletion
• Ozone(O3) a gas compound of
three atoms of oxygen. It is
bluish gas that is harmful to
breathe.
• Nearly 90% of earths ozone is in
the stratosphere and referred to
as the ozone layer .
• Ozone absorbs a band of
ultraviolet radition called UVB.

23. causes of ozone depletion
• Man made cause
• Chlorofluorocarbons
• Halons
• Methylchloroform
• Hydrofluorocarbons
• Natural causes

24. ozone layer depletion
Ozone layer depletion, is simply the reduction of ozone
in the stratosphere. unlike pollution, which has been
pinned down to one major human activity.
Industries that manufacture things like insulating
foams, solvents, soaps, cooling things like air
condtioners, refrigerators and take away containers use
something called chloroflurocarbons (CFCs).
Depletion begins when CFCs get into atmosphere .
Ultra violet radiation from a sun break up these
CFCs.the breaking up action releases chlorine
atoms.Chlorine atoms react with ozone, starting a
chemical cycle that destroys the good ozone in that
area.
one chlorine atom can break apart more than 100,000
ozone molecules.

25. Impacts of ozone depletion
• Harm to human health
• Adverse impact on agriculture
• Effects on plants
• Effect on animals
• Effect on materials

26. Prevention
• Use ecofriendly household cleaning produts.
• Avoid using pesticides.
• Banning the use of dangerous nitrous oxide.
• Limit private vehicle driving.
International measures:-
• Montereal protocoal signed in 1987.
• Comprise of 189 countries now to reduce CFC substances.
National level measures:-
• Singapore banned use of CFC product in 1991

28. Effect of climate change
• Rise in sea level
• Global warming
• Acid rain
• Heavy rainfall across the globe
• Extreme drought
• Decline in productivities
• Ecosysystem are changing
• Hurricanes
• Rise in temprature

29. Strategies & recommendation
• What can be done ?
• First we must admit the clmate
change is everyone’s problem .
no agency, government or
scientist can fix it for us. we are
all in this together.

30. Continued
• Reduce emissions of greenhouses gases.
• Attempt to develop alternatives
energies.
• Conservation of natural resources.
• Allow emission to continue, but prepare
for global climate changes.
• Come up with your own unique plan
beneficiary to future also.
• Less deforestation and more planting.
• Reduce waste through recycling.