Endodontic instruments

Prepared by

Dr . Hamed Mohammed AL- Haddad

Instrument s for access cavity
preparation
Hand pieces 

preparation
Burs

preparation

preparation
Name
Burs
Function
several types of burs will be used to accomplish
good access preparation Fissure burs are used in
the initial stage of access preparation to establish
the correct outline form ,Round burs are used to
lift the roof of the pulp chamber and eliminate
overhanging dentine ,Tapered Non end-cutting bur is
used to 'lift lid' of pulp chamber and refine cavity.

preparation
Front surface mirror 

preparation
Name
Front surface mirror
Function
is best suited for visibility deep within
the pulp chamber.

preparation
root canal explorer 

preparation
Name
probe/root canal explorer
Function
Used to probe and detect canal openings
within the pulp chamber

Extirpation Instrument
endodontic spoon excavator

preparation
Name
Endo excavator
Function
"larger than conventional excavator" its
shape allows curettage of the pulp chamber
when conventional one will not reach the
floor of the chamber, and used as surgical
aid to excavate periapical lesion.

Barbed broach 

Name
Barbed broaches
Functions
• Used to remove the intact pulp
• ‘Barbs’ on the broach snag the pulp to facilitate
removal
.Retrieve a paper point or cotton pellet trapped in
the canal
. Loosen debris in necrotic canal..

The braded broach comes in different sizes, and the
selection of suitable size is very important, it should
fit loosely inside the canal, when braded broach size is
larger than the canal size, the hooks of B.B engaged in
the dentinal wall of the canal and stick there "Jammed
broach" and with drawing it becomes difficult and
might fracture inside the canal, if the dentist faced by
Jammed broach, the broach should be removed
vertically without twisting. The B.B must only be
used in the straight part of the canal, and insertion of
the broach (not exceed 23) of the canal length of the
ideal way to use it is

ISO standardization endodontic
Before a standardized configuration was adopted,
instrument varied greatly from one manufacturer to
another. The configuration adopted is that set by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), All
ISO hand instruments, along with paper points, silver
points and standardized gutta-percha points, conform to
this system. ISO standardized files have a cutting length of
16 mm, have a specified diameter at the tip (termed D1) and
increase in diameter by 0.02 mm for each millimeter along
the file, so that at the end of the cutting part (16 mm along
the file) the diameter (termed D2) is 0.32 mm greater than
at D1. This is called an .02 taper. Files may vary in length,
any extra length is provided by a ‘blank’ portion. The
nominal size of the instrument is based on the diameter of
its tip (the diameter at D1) expressed in hundredths of a
millimeter. Thus an ISO size 50 file will have a tip diameter
of 0.50 mm.

ISO standardization also uses a color for each
size, as shown below:
Color Nominal Size
Pink 06
Grey 08
Purple 10
White 15 45 90
Yellow 20 50 100
Red 25 55 110
Blue 30 60 120
Green 35 70 130
Black 40 80 140

The amount of increase in diameter from one inst. to the next is 0.05 mm
in inst. from size 10 – 60, and 0.1 mm in inst. from size 60 – 140.

Instruments for root canal
preparation
K- reamer 

preparation
K-reamer
instruments can be manufactured by
twisting a square or triangular blank by
machine . reamer used in shaping the
canal
Action
o'clock wise quarter –turn twist .

.

preparation
K- file 

preparation
K- file
instruments can be manufactured by twisting a square
or triangular blank by machine the blank is twisted
into a tighter series of spiral than reamer also K- file
are more flexible than reamer .
K -Files with a triangular cross-section tend to have
superior cutting characteristics and are more
flexible, and hence less likely to transport the canal
during preparation. .

Action
o'clock wise half –turn twist .
.

preparation
K-Flex files
are produced from a blank that is rhomboid in
cross-section; this forms both cutting and non-
cutting edges. The files are more flexible than an
equivalent-sized K-file .
Action

.

preparation
Flexofile
have a triangular cross-section and are manufactured
from flexible stainless steel. Flexofiles are more efficient at cutting and
removing dentine than an equivalent K-file, because the blade has a
sharper angle and there is more room for debris. The tip of the
file is non-cutting. This is an advantage when preparing curved canals, as
the file is guided along the canal curvature, avoiding excessive
cutting into the outer curve of the root canal or transportation. Any
flexible, triangular cross-sectioned file, such as a Flexofile, can be
used with the balanced force action

Action
.

preparation
Hedstom file 

preparation
Hedstom file
are machined from a tapered cylindrical block. In cross-
section they have the appearance of a series of intersecting
cones. Hedstroem files are highly efficient at removing
dentine on the outstroke when used in a filing motion, but
have poor fracture resistance in rotation

Action
withdrawal stroke .
.

NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary
instruments

NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary
instruments
These files are used to flare the coronal aspect of the root
canal. Although they are manufactured from nickel-titanium
the files are relatively inflexible, as the cross-sectional
diameter is larger than that of a standard file (ISO). The use
of these instruments is therefore best restricted to the
relatively straight parts of the root canal to avoid strip
perforation. It is recommended that they are used in a hand
piece driven by an electric motor at 150-300 rpm

Gates-Glidden drills
Small flame-shaped cutting instrument used in the
conventional hand piece Different sizes – coded by rings or
colored bands on shank Are slightly flexible and will follow
the canal shape but can perforate the canal if used too deeply

functions :
 Preparing the coronal two thirds of molars canals.
 Removing gutta-percha from the canal during post space
preparation or during retreatment.
 Widen the canal when an instrument has fractured within it.

Peeso reamers drills
Small flame-shaped cutting instrument used in the
conventional hand piece Different sizes – coded by rings or
colored bands on shank, Peeso reamers are not flexible or
adaptable, if not used with care can perforate canal

functions :
 Removing gutta-percha from the canal during post space
preparation or during retreatment.

preparation
Disposable irrigating syringe and 
disposable needle

preparation
Name
Disposable irrigating syringe and disposable needle
Function, features and precaution
• Used with an irrigant to clean and disinfect the
canal during endodontic treatment
• A blunt needle with side exiting delivery will
reduce the risk of the needle binding
within the canal

preparation
Absorbent paper points

preparation
Name
Absorbent paper points
Functions
• To absorb any moisture in the canal
(i.e. blood, pus and saliva)
• To carry medicaments into the canal

Instruments for root canal Filling
Gutta - percha 

Name
Gutta percha points
Function and features
• Non-soluble, non-irritant points that are condensed
into the pulp chamber during obturation
• Standardized type: follows same ISO classification as
endodontic files
• Non-standardized: have a greater taper than the
standard ISO type

Hand spreader 

Finger spreader 

spreader 

Name
Finger spreader
Function, features and precaution
• Finger instrument with a smooth,
pointed, tapered working end
• Used to condense gutta percha laterally
into the canal during obturation

Hand Plugger 

Finger Plugger 

Plugger 

Name
Endodontic plugger
Function
Working end is flat to facilitate plugging or
condensing the gutta percha vertically after
the excess has been removed by melting off
with a heated instrument

Lentulo spiral Drill

Name
Lentulo spiral filler/rotary paste filler
Function and features
• Small flexible instrument used to place
materials into the canal
• Fits into the conventional hand piece
• Use with caution as it can be easily broken

the endodontic ruler
Function

• Special endodontic rulers are available for
measuring the length of finger instruments

Transfer sponge or Endodontic block

Transfer sponge or Endodontic block

Functions
• An endodontic block is a sturdy block used to organize and
hold endodontic finger and rotary instruments during
procedures;

• Reduces the possibility of percutaneous injuries when
handling endodontic finger and rotary instruments

Endo locking tweezers
Endo – locking pliers or (endo locking tweezers):

it has lock "latch" that permits materials to be held
without continuous finger pressure, it has a groove at
the tip, the grooved tip facilitate holding absorbent
points and gutta – percha cones.

Electronic Apex Locators
Name
Apex locator

Functions
• An electronic instrument used to determine
the distance to the apical foramen
• The screen allows the operator to visualize
the file movement during instrumentation

Electric pulp tester
Name
Electric pulp tester

Function and directions for use

• Used to test the vitality of a tooth using electric stimulus
• Electric stimulus is increased in small increments until the
patient can feel the stimulus
• Toothpaste or prophy paste is used to conduct the current
from the pulp tester to the tooth

operating microscope Loupes
Illumination and magnification are vital for
the location of root canals. The endodontist would use a
surgical microscope while a general dental practitioner
might have loupes and a headlight that give excellent
magnification and illumination .

Endodontic instruments

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