Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
introduction, history of rotary instruments in endodontics, classification, properties of NiTi, generations and design features, rotary file systems available
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
introduction, history of rotary instruments in endodontics, classification, properties of NiTi, generations and design features, rotary file systems available
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
DT Technologies specialize in outsourcing & providing dental laboratories equipment and materials . Our aim is to provide excellent products that are supported by exceptional and easy-to-access services. We offer a variety of dental milling machines, CAD/CAM Equipment for dentists and labs.
We provide Dental instruments that are easy to use both for the operator and the patient. All the products passes through top quality inspection. Visit: https://www.tbsinox.com
Endodontic instruments /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
Cleaning and shaping of the root canal systemHamza Tahir
My presentation is about Materials used for dressing , cleaning , irrigating the canals. Also include , irrigation techniques and instruments . Enjoy !!
Understanding the basic metallurgy, commonly used instruments and newly available rotary systems in the market enable us to better disinfect the root canal.
EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO ROOT CANAL CLEANING AND SHAPING / /certified fixed...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
A quick and concise recap of Endodontic Instruments.
This presentation resolves the basic doubts within terminologies and provides visual conceptualization of the same.
Biomechanical preparation is the crucial step in endodontic procedure. Biological principles can only be preserved if the mechanical shaping of the perticular canal is completed with the cordial following of the endodontic priciples. This presentation is aimed to simplify the various endodontic techniques for root canal shaping in as conservative as possible manner.
CLEANING AND SHAPING USING ROTARY ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Protaper means progressively taper.
•NiTi
Protaper means progressively taper.
•NiTi
Increased flexibility
• Each instrument produces its own 'crown down effect' as larger tapers make way for smaller tapers.
• Protaper files engage a smaller area of dentine reducing torsional loads and file fatigue
Similar to Sterilization of endodontic instruments /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
5. CLASSFICATION
• ISO and FDI classified root canal
instruments into four groups
• GROUP I- Hand use only
• GROUP II- Engine driven latch type
• GROUP III- Engine driven latch type – drills
• GROUP www.indiandentalacademy.com
IV- Root canal points – gutta
6. BASED ON THEIR FUNCTION THEY ARE
CLASSIFIED INTO
• EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
• DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
• SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
• OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. INSTRUMENT STANDARDIZATION
• Historically very little was done to improve the
quality or standardization of instruments until
the 1950’s.
• In 1958 Ingle and Levine first proposed
standardization
• 1962 working committee on standardization
has been formed
• In 1976 first approved specification for root
canal instruments was published.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. PERCENT CHANGE
• FIRST CAUTIONED BY
• METHOD OF CALCULATION
• DISADVANTAGES
• INSTRUMENTS INTRODUCED TO
OVERCOME THIS
• SOLUTION TO OVERCOME THIS
PROBLEM
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. METALS USED IN ENDODONTIC
INSTRUMENTS
• CARBON STEEL
• STAINLESS STEEL
• Nickel Titantium (Nitinol)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
• Endodontic explorer is
the greatest aid in
finding a minute canal
entrance feeling along
the walls and into the
floor of the chamber in
the area where the
orifices are expected to
be
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. ORIFICE OPENERS
• Canal orifices are so
restrictive that they need
to be flared so that
instruments may enter
easily
• Orifice openers from
hand operated Micro
openers to contra-
angled powered
reamers with a greater
taper (0.04, 0.06) and
Gates-Glidden drills
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. GATES GLIDDEN DRILLS
• GGs are side-cutting, safe-ended
instruments, and ideally used to cut
dentin as it is withdrawn from the canal.
• Consists of 6 instruments
• Recommended speed is 750-1000 rpm
• A hand instrument also designed for
apical preparation is the FLEXOGATES
• A safe-tipped variation of the traditional
Gates-Glidden drill, the Flexogates is still
to be tested clinically.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. • A hand instrument also
designed for apical
preparation is the
FLEXOGATES
• A safe-tipped variation
of the traditional Gates-
Glidden drill, the
Flexogates is still to be
tested clinically
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
• BARBED BROACHES AND RASPS:
Oldest endodontic instruments
Although similar in design there are some
siginificant differences in taper and barbs of
different heights and shapes.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. BROACHES RASPS
• Taper 0.007 to • Taper 0.015 to 0.020
0.010 mm/mm mm/mm
• Barb height should • Barb equal to one
be half the core third the diameter of
diameter the tip
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. RAKE ANGLE
The rake angle may be seen as the direction
of the cutting edge if visualised as a surface.
If this surface is turned in the same direction as
the force applied the rake angle is positive.
If the blade performs a scraping action faced
away from the direction of the force the rake
angle is said to be negative.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. K-TYPE FILES AND REAMERS
• The K-type file and reamer are
the oldest useful instruments
for cutting and machining
dentin.
• Made from a steel wire that is
ground to a tapered square or
triangular cross section.
• This wire is twisted to generate
a file or a reamer. During this
process the steel is work
hardened.
• If the core is twisted more or
the instrument is thicker the
www.indiandentalacademy.com
work hardening increases.
20. HEDSTROM FILE
• more aggressive than the K-type instrument.
• H-type file is ground from a round steel blank.
• Modern computer-assisted machining
technology had made it possible to develop H-
type instruments with very complex forms.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. MODIFICATIONS OF H FILES
• UNIFILE
• S FILE
• NT FILE
• A FILE
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. HYBRID INSTRUMENTS
• Many new designs are simply modifications of
the K-type and H-type files.
• These files are not made to any national or
international standards, but their size
designation often follows the specifications for
K-type or H-type files.
• By changing the cross sectional geometry of a
K-type instrument from a square to rhomboid it
has been possible to create an instrument that
is more flexible because one cross section is
smaller than the cross section determining the
size. These types of files are known as “flex
files”. www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. CANAL MASTER SYSTEM
• Most revolutionary concepts in root
canal preparation has been presented
by Drs.Senia and Wiley.
• Canal Master System employs both
hand and engine-driven instruments on
unique design which reportedly
facilitates instrumentation of curved
canals.
• Hand version instrument for apical
preparation and engine-driven for flaring
www.indiandentalacademy.com
the coronal section of the canal.
25. • Non-cutting tip for hand operated is 0.75 mm
and for engine-driven is 2mm.
• Hand-operated have cutting head 1mm long
with color handles corresponding to
standardized instrument sizes 20 through 80.
• Engine-driven have cutting head 2mm have
color-coded latch type attachments .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. • This instrument incorporates three major
features:
Replace the usual cutting tip with a non cutting
tip
Cutting segment of the instrument is reduced
from the standard 16mm to1 to 2mm.
Diameter of the instrument’s smooth round
shat remains constant and is reduced to
increase its flexibility
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS
• Ultrasonic endodontics is based on a system in
which sound as an energy source (at 20 to 25
kHz) activates an endodontic file resulting in
three-dimensional activation of the file in the
surrounding medium.
• These handpieces uses K files as canal
instrument.
• Richman must be credited with the first use of
ultrasonics in endodontics
• Martin and Cunningham were the first to
develop a device, test it, and see it marketed in
1976. www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. • Instruments deliver an irrigant/coolant usually
sodium hypochlorite into the canal space while
cleaning and shaping are carried out by a
vibrating a K file.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. SONIC INSTRUMENTS
• Like the air rotor handpiece it attaches to the
regular airline at a pressure of 0.4Mpa.
• Tap water irrigant/coolant is delivered into the
preparation from the handpiece.
• The three choices of the file that are used with
this system are Rispisonic , Shapersonic and
Triosonic.
• Rispisonic is developed by Dr.Retano spina in
Italy
• Shapersonic is by Dr.J.M.Laurichesse in
France www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. • Rispisonic has 8 cutting blades an the
shaper sonic has 16.
• SONIC LENGTH
• Sonic instruments are primarily for step
down enlarging not penetration
• At the dental school in Wales, Dummer et
al found the Rispi sonic and shaper sonic
files to the most successful the Trio Sonic
less so.
• In general the Shaper sonic files widened
the canals more effectively than the Rispi
Sonic files whilst the Heliosonic files were
particularly ineffective
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. ROTARY INSTRUMENTS
• TIP DESIGN
cutting tip or non cutting tip
Examples for non cutting tips are Profile, GT and K3
Examples for cutting tips are Protaper and RaCe
• TAPER
Two designs first we can instrument by using files of the
same taper but with varying apical tip diameters
Ex: ISO 0.02 taper hand files,Profile 0.04,0.06 tapers.
second is files with same apical size but their taper
varies from 0.04 to 0.12
Ex: Quantec
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. • RADIAL LANDS
A Radial land is a surface that projects axially
from the central axis, between flutes as far as
the cutting edge.
Another way of evaluating radial land is blade
support.
Rotary files has full radial lands. Ex: Profile, GT.
Or their lands were recessed Ex: Quantec
• RAKE ANGLE
the rake angle is the angle formed by the
cutting edge and a cross section taken
perpendicular to the long axis of the
instrument
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. • The cutting angle on the other hand is the
angle formed by the cutting edge and a radius
when the file is sectioned perpendicular to the
cutting edge.
Examples for rotary files with negative rake
angles: Profile, Protaper, Etc.
Files with slightly positive rake angle: K3
• HELICAL ANGLE: is the angle that the cutting
edge makes with the long axis of the file
Variable helical angle debris will be removed in
a more efficient manner and the file will be
less likely to screw into the canal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. • PITCH : is the number of spirals or threads
per unit length.
the result of a constant pitch and constant helical
angles is a “pulling down” or “sucking down
into the canal”.
This is particularly significant in rotary files with a
constant taper.
K3 is the only file that addressed this issue. This
file has purposely been designed with constant
tapers but with variable pitch and helical
angles.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. LIGHT SPEED INSTRUMENTS
• so named because of the “light” touch
needed as the “speed” of
instrumentation” is increased
• The set of instruments consists of ISO-
sized rotary files from size 20 through
100, including nine half-sizes ranging
from 22.5 through 65.
• The recommended rpm is between 750
and 2,000, with preference toward the
1,300 to 2,000 range
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. • Success with the LightSpeed, however, is
predicated on straight-line access, an
adequate coronal preflare, and establishment
of working length prior to its introduction into
a canal
• Comes in sizes 21 mm, 25mm and 31mm.
• Determination of half sizes
• Diameter of cutting tip varies from 0.25 mm to
2.25mm
• Junction of the shank and shaft.
• Markings are present at various distances for
references.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. • The LightSpeed instrument
has a cross-sectional U
blade design in which flat
radial lands with neutral
rake angles enhance
planing of the canal walls
and centering of the
instrument within the canal.
The helical blade angle and
narrow shaft diameter
facilitate debris removal
coronally.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. PROFILE INSTRUMENTS
• Includes orifice shapers, Profile 0.04 and
0.06 tapers, and Great taper files.
• These instruments share the same cross
sectional geometries and have three
radial lands that each contains
bidirectional cutting edges.
• Radial lands keep the instrument
centered in the canal. Their cutting
edges are intended to scrape rather than
actively engage and screw into dentin.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. • Radial lands are
separated by three U-
shaped flutes that provide
space for the
accumulation of debris.
• U-shaped configuration
effectively augers debris
coronally and out of the
canal during clinical use.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. • Parallel core to enhance flexibility. Noncutting
tips are designed to follow a pilot hole and
guide the instrument through the canal during
preparation procedures.
• These files have a built-in safety feature, in
which by patented design they purportedly
unwind and then wind up backward prior to
breaking.
• Recommended rotational speed is 275 to
325RPM.
• Kavanaugh and Lumley found no significant
differences between the 0.04 and 0.06 tapers
with respect to canal transportation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. ORIFICE SHAPERS
• 19mm in length with a cutting length of
approximately 9mm.
• Comes in 0.06 and 0.07 mm/mm tapers.
• Are designed to replace Gates-Glidden drills for
shaping the coronal portion of the canal.
• The series compromises 6 instruments that are
safe ended and have increasing Do diameters.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. PROFILE GT ROTARY INSTRUMENTS
• Designed by Dr. Steven Buchanan they are also
available as hand files.
• Manufactured in 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12
tapers all having a constant ISO non cutting tip
diameter of 0.20mm to ensure maintenance of a
small apical preparation.
• They have variably pitched, radiallanded,
clockwise cut U-blade flutes that provide reamer
like efficency at the shank with K-file strength at
their tips
• They have closed flute angles at their tips and
more open flute angles at their shank ends
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. • The open flute angles at the shank end also
tend to reduce the file’s ability to thread into
the canal a typical problem that occurs with
other rotary design.
• MFD is also set at 1mm safely limiting coronal
enlargement.
• GT files vary by taper but have the same tip
diameters and MFDs the flute lengths become
shorter as the taper increases.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. ACCESSORY GT FILES
• Set of 3 accessory GT files is available for
unsually large root canals having apical
diameters greater than 0.3mm.
• Have a taper of 0.12 mm/mm and MFD is
1.5mm and varying tip diameters of 0.35,
0.50, and 0.70mm.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. PROTAPER
• Drs. Clifford Ruddle, John West, Pierre Mactou
and Ben Johnson and Gilbert Rota co-
developed Protaper system
• This system consists of three “shaping” and
three “finishing” files.
• Distinguishing feature of the Protaper system is
the progressively variable tapers of each
instrument that develop a “ progressive
preparation” in both vertical and horizontal
directions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. • Shaping files are S-X, S-1 and S-2
• S-X has a increased taper rate taper of from D 0
to D9 than do the other two shapers.
• D0 has a diameter of 0.19mm. This rises to
1.1mm at D9.
• After D9 the rate of taper drops off up to D14 which
thins and increases the flexibility of the
instrument.
• S-1 and S-2 start at tip sizes of 0.17mm and
0.20mm respectively and each file gains in
taper up to 1.2mm.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. • But unlike the consistent increase of taper per
millimeter in the ISO instruments the Protaper
shapers have increasingly larger tapers each
millimeter over the 14mm length of their cutting
blades.This is what makes the instrument
unique.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. • FINISHING FILES: finishing files have been
designed to plane away the variations in canal
diameter in the apical one third.
• Finishing files F-1, F-2, F-3 have tip diameters
(D0) of ISO sizes 20, 25, and 30 respectivley.
• Their tapers differ as well between D0 and D3
they tapers at rates of 0.07, 0.08, and
0.09mm/mm, respectively.
• From D4 to D14 each instrument show a
decreased taper that improves flexibilty.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. QUANTEC SYSTEM
• Consists of a series of 10 graduated nickel-
titanium tapers from 0.02 through 0.06 with
ISO tip sizing.
• Quantec flare series with increased tapers of
0.08, 0.10. and 0.12 all with tip sizes of ISO 25
are designed to quickly and safely shape the
coronal third of the canal.
• In contrast to the basic principles of other
rotary instrument techniques, this system
incorporates a built-in “graduated tapers
technique,”whereby a series of varying tapers
are used to prepare a single canal. The
instruments are used at 300 to 350 rpm in a
high-torque, gear-reduction, slow-speed
www.indiandentalacademy.com
handpiece
55. • Proponents of the graduating tapers technique
claim that, theoretically, using a series of files
of a single taper, whether it is a conventional
0.02 taper or a greater taper, will result in
decreased efficiency as larger instruments are
used, that is, more of the file comes into
contact with the dentinal walls, making it more
difficult to remove dentin as forces are
generated over a larger area.
• Ultimately, each instrument will become fully
engaged along the canal wall, potentially
inhibiting proper cleaning and shaping of the
apical canal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. • In contrast and in accordance with the
graduating tapers technique, by
restricting the surface contact between
instrument and wall, an instrument’s
efficiency is increased since the forces
used are concentrated on a smaller area
• In this technique, for example, once
a0.02 taper has shaped the canal, a
0.03 taper with the same apical diameter
would engage the canal more coronally;
by altering the taper from 0.02, to 0.03,
and up the scale to 0.06, the efficiency
of canal preparation is maximized by
restricting surface contact.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. • The Quantec rotary instruments are uniquely
engineered with slightly positive rake or blade
angles on each of their twin flutes; these are
designed to shave rather than scrape dentin
(negative rake angle), which most conventional
files do
• Flute design also includes a30-degree helical
angle with flute space that becomes
progressively larger distal to the cutting blade,
helping channel the debris coronally.
• More peripheral mass has been added to
these files rather than depending on core
strength alone as in other rotary systems.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. • Quantec’s wide radial lands are purported to
prevent crack formation in the blades and aid in
deflecting the instrument around curvatures
• By recessing the wide radial lands behind the
blade, there is a concomitant reduction in
frictional resistance while maintaining canal
centering.
• With respect to tip geometry, the clinician has a
choice of two designs. The SC safe-cutting tip
is specifically designed for small, tight
canals,narrow curvatures, and calcified canal
systems. This faceted 60-degree tip cuts as it
moves apically; as the tip approaches a curve,
conceptually, a balance takes place between
www.indiandentalacademy.com
file deflection and cutting
59. • The LX noncutting tip, on the other hand, is
a nonfaceted bullet-nosed tip,acting as a
pilot in the canal and deflecting around
severe curvatures in less constricted canals
• These LX Quantec instruments are also
recommended for enlarging the body and
coronal segments and managing delicate
apical regions
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. RAPID BODY SHAPERS
• Rapid Body Shaper (RBS) consists of a series
of four nickel-titanium rotary engine reamers
These instruments feature the patented
nonledging Roane bullet tip and allow the
practitioner to rapidly shape the body of the
canal without the problems that can occur
using Gates-Glidden drills
• The RBS instruments develop a parallel-walled
canal shape. The RBS series consists of four
instruments: No. 1 (0.61 mm at the tip), No. 2
(0.66 mm at the tip), No. 3 (0.76 mm at the tip),
and No. 4 (0.86 mm at the tip).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. POW R ROTARY FILES
• also with a nonledging Roane bullet tip,
are available in both 0.02 and 0.04
tapers and, owing to their taper design,
allow the practitioner to clean and shape
the middle and apical regions of the
canal in a conservative manner
• These instruments come in standard
ISO instrument sizes as well as in half
sizes 17.5, 22.5, 27.5, 32.5, and 37.5 for
more precise apical refinement.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
64. HERO 642
• Has a trihelical hedstrom design with rather
sharp flutes
• Due to progressively increasing distance
between the flutes there is a reduced risk for
binding in the root canal when used.
• Recommended speed is 500 to 600rpm
• Available in ISO sizes of no 20 to no 45. all
sizes are available in 0.02 taper and n0.25,
and no.30 are available in 0.04 and 0.06 taper.
• Large central core provides extra strength.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
65. RaCe
• These instruments come in the following
taper/size combinations: as Pre RaCe
instruments0.10/40to 30,0.08/35,0.06/30 and
40 and as RaCe instruments 0.06/20 to
30,0.04/25 to 35, 0.02/15 to 40 and 50 and 60.
• Very flexible instruments.
• Their main feature is that the helical angle
after some revolutions has short interruptions
(becomes 0) whereby the blades are straight
for a short distance and parallel to the long
axis of the instrument. The purpose of this
feature is to redce the screw-in-effect of the
www.indiandentalacademy.com
instrument
66. K3 ROTARY INSTRUMENTS
• K3 system was designed by Dr.John
McSpadden
• K3 canal shaping files comes in a fixed
taper of 0.02, 0.04, or 0.06.
• 0.02 are available in tip sizes 15 to 45 in
21,25,30 mm lengths.
• 0.04, 0.06 are available in tip sizes 15 to
60 and in 21,25,30 mm lengths.
• Slightly positive “rake” angle. A positive
rake angle provides a more effective
cutting surface than a negative one.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
67. • A variable core diameter
this feature enhances
flexibility; over the entire
cutting length.
• A series of three radial
lands with a relief behind
two of three radial lands .
This feature reduces
friction on the canal wall.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
68. • Asymmetrically placed three radial lands and
unequaled land widths, flute widths, and flute
depths.
• Asymmetrical flutes allow the K3 to provide
superior canal tracking, virtually eliminate
transportation, and in preventing the file from
screwing into the canal and add peripheral
strength.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
69. • The proportion of the core diameter to the
outside diameter is greatest at the tip where
strength is most needed. The proportion then
decreases uniformly as the fluting moves up
the taper resulting in greater flute depth and
increased flexibility while maintaining strength.
• An “Axxess” handle design which shortens the
file handle by approximately 5mm without
affecting the working length of the file.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
70. ENDOSEQUENCE FILE
• These files come in a pack of four files each in
0.04 and 0.06 tapers in sizes extrasmall/small,
medium, and large. It includes Expeditor file.
• Blank design is ACP
• Metal treatment Electropolishing is done.
• Fully tapered design
• Tip design is a precision tip. A precision tip by
definition is a noncutting tip that becomes
active right at D-1.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
71. • Good cutting efficiency.
• Flexibility of the file is
outstanding. The ability
to create a file that
stays centered without
the need for radial lands
results in greater
flexibility of the file.
• It has both variable
pitch and variable
helical angles.
• Speed range is 450 to
600 rpm.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
72. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS
• Significant instruments for obturation are
Spreaders , Pluggers and Lentulo spirals.
• The spreader is a tapered-and-pointed
instrument intended to laterally displace
guttapercha for insertion of additional
accessory gutta-percha cones
• The Plugger is a similar instrument but it has
a blunt end.
• The lentulo spiral is a safe instrument if used
correctly and it is used for the placement of
the sealer, cement and calcium hydroxide
dressings.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
73. STERILIZATION OF INSTRUMENTS
• Methods for sterilization in endodontic
practice inclde
steam or chemical vapor under pressure
dry heat
Glutaraldehyde solutions
Repeated sterilization of stainless steel
endodontic files using any heat method
described above will not cause corrosion,
weakness or an increased rate of rotational
failure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
74. CONCLUSION
• We expect many more endodontic
instruments come in our path to make
our treatment part more ideal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. REFERENCES
• PATHWAYS OF THE PULP-COHEN 6thAND
8thEDITIONS
• ENDODONTICS-INGLE.BAKLAND 3rd,4th ,
5thEDITION
• ENDODONTIC PRACTICE-LOUIS
I.GROSSMAN-11thEDITION
• DCNA-MODERN ENDODONTIC PRACTISE
• JOURNAL OF ORAL HEALTH
• INTERNET SOURCES
www.indiandentalacademy.com