Basic Instruments Used In Endodontics

Dr. Ashraf Refai
BDS MSc DD HMD
Lecturer of Endodontics
Al-Azhar University / MIU
www.arefai.edublogs.org


Instrument Classification
• Diagnostic Instruments
• Extirpating Instruments
• Enlarging Instruments
• Obturating Instruments
• Miscellaneous Instruments


Diagnostic Instruments

Mirror,
Probe & Visual Aids
Tweezers

Vitality
Radiography
Testing


Visual Aids
 Magnification Loupes
(2.5x – 3x)
 Surgical Microscope
(2.5x – 24x)


Vitality Testing
 Neural Tests
 Thermal Testing
 Cold
 Ice Ethyl Chloride Carbon Ice
 Hot
 Rubber wheel Hot instrument Gutta Percha
 Vascular Tests
 Pulse Oximetry
 Laser Doppler Flowmetry


Radiography
 Plain radiography
 Xeroradiography
 CT-Scan / MRI
 Radiovisiography (RVG)


Extirpating Instruments
 The Barbed Broach


Enlarging Instruments

Hand driven Engine driven
instruments instruments


Hand Driven Instruments
 Basic enlarging instruments (1904)
 K-Files
 K-Reamers
 H-Files
 R-Files


Basic Enlarging Instruments
 K-File
 Method of fabrication
 Material of manufacture
 Cross-section
 Motions
 Uses


 K-Reamer
 Cross-section
 Motions
 Uses


Compare
&
Contrast


 H-File
 Cross-section
 Motions
 Uses


 R-File
 Cross-section
 Motions
 Uses


Instruments Standardization

Color
Size Length
Coding

Tip
Taper
Angle

Size (Instrument Standardization)
 Diameter at the tip
 100th of a millimeter
 Sizes 15-60 increments of 0.05 mm
 Later 80-140 increments of o.01 mm


Color Coding (Instrument Standardization)
White, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green & Black


Length (Instrument Standardization)
 Length of Cutting Flutes 16 mm
 D1 and D16
 Length of shaft varies 21, 25, 30 mm


Taper (Instrument Standardization)
 Increase of 0.02 mm/mm length

D16 D1


Tip Angle (Instrument Standardization)
 75 degrees +/- 15 degrees


Hand Driven Instruments
 Basic Enlarging Instruments
 Hybrid Enlarging Instruments
 Modifications in instruments design
 Modifications in method of manufacture
 Modifications in instrument material


Modifications in instrument Design
(Hybrid Enlarging Instrument)
 Modification in instrument Cross-Section

Flex R K-Flex S-File &
File file Uni File U-File


 Modification in the depth & the angle of the blades

S-File &
H-File Uni File


 Modification in the length of the blades

Canal Master &
Light Speed Files
GT Rotary Files


 Modification in the numbering system

Profile Series 29

Golden Mediums

 Modification in the method of manufacturing


 Modification in the material of manufacture


Lecture Revision
 Classification of instruments
 Diagnostic instruments
 Extirpating instruments
 Enlarging instruments
 Obturating instruments
 Miscellaneous instruments
 Hand driven instruments
 Basic enlarging instruments
 Hybrid enlarging instruments
 Engine driven instruments


Engine Driven Instruments

Vibratory Instruments

Rotary Instruments


Vibratory Instruments
(Engine Driven Instruments)

Ultrasonic

Sonic


Compare & Contrast
Sonic Ultrasonic

Frequency < 20 KHz 20 – 50 KHz

Power Compressed Air Electric

Irrigant Water NaOCl

Instrument Rispi Files K-Files

Brands Endosonic 3000 Enac

Sonic & Ultrasonic Instruments


Rotary Instruments

Components

Motion Enlarging
Provider Instrument

Rotary Instruments
 Contra-angles & Motors
 Continuous 360° rotation
 Reciprocating quarter turn
 Reciporcating quarter turn with a vertical stroke


Rotary Instruments

 Stainless Steel Instruments
 Gates Glidden Drills
 Pesso Drills


Rotary Instruments

NiTi Instruments
• Lightspeed Instrument
• Profile instrument
• GT Rotary Instrument
• K3 Instrument
• Hero Instrument
• RACE Instrument
• ProTaper Instrument


Rotary Instruments

 Superelastic Material
 High torque hand pieces
 Low speed 300-600 rpm
 Used to full length


Rotary Instruments

Gutta Percha
(GP)

Non-Softened
Softened GP
GP
Instruments
Instruments

Obturating Instruments
(Non-Softened Gutta Percha Instruments)

Lentulo
Spreaders Pluggers
Spiral


(Softened Gutta Percha Instruments)

Themo
Thermal
Mechanical
Applicators
Compactors

Gutta
Injection
Percha
Systems
Carriers


Thermal Applicators (Touch n heat & System B)


Thermo Mechanical Compactors (McSpadden & Gutta Condenser)


Injection Systems (Ultrafil & Obtura II)


Gutta Percha Carriers (Thermafil & Densifil)


Miscellaneous Instruments
 Apex Locators


 Endo Box & Endometers


 Rubber Dam
 Punch
 Sheet
 Clamp
 Frame


Lecture Revision
 Classification of  Rotary Instruments
instruments  Motion
 Stainless Steel
 Hand driven instruments  NiTi
 Basic enlarging  Obturation Instruments
instruments
 Non-Softened
 Hybrid enlarging
 Softened
instruments
 Miscellaneous Instruments
 Engine driven instruments
 Vibratory Instruments
 Sonic
 Ultrasonic


Thank you for your attention…

Basic Instruments Used In Endodontics

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