The document discusses concepts related to work, energy, and electric fields. It defines key terms like gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential, electric potential energy, electric potential, and electric potential difference. Gravitational potential energy and electric potential energy are defined as the energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational or electric field. Gravitational potential and electric potential refer to the potential energy per unit mass or charge. The electric potential difference between two points is the change in electric potential energy when a charge is moved between those points.

2.  Review: Electric Field
 Review: Work and Energy
 Analogy with Gravity: Work and PE
 Gravitational Potential Energy
 Gravitational Potential
 Electric Potential Energy
 Electric Potential
 Electric Potential Difference

3. DIRECTION OF A FIELD
The direction wherein a positive test charge will be pushed towards

4. W = F*d
vf
2 = vi
2 + 2a * d
m*v2 = 2 * ( F*d / m )
m*v2 = 2 * ( 2W / m)
( m*v2 ) / 2 = W
W = ( m*v2 ) / 2
W = F*d
F*d = ½ m v2
PE = m*g*h
Work is converted into
potential energy
= KE

5. IN A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD...
 Energy is required to move an
object against its gravitational
field.
 Objects naturally move from
high PE to low PE under the
influence of the field force.
 Work must be done to move an
object against nature.
IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD...
 Movement of a positive test
charge within an electric field is
accompanied by changes in PE.
 Similarly:
 Going against nature requires
work by an external force
 Work would increase PE

6. GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY
DEF. Energy stored in an object
due to its vertical position
above Earth
PE = m*g*h
Factors:
1. Mass
2. Height
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
DEF. Potential energy per
kilogram
A quantity that could be
used to rate various
locations about the surface
of the Earth in terms of how
much PE each kilogram of
mass would possess when
placed there

7. GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY
DEF. Energy stored in an object
due to its vertical position
above Earth
PE = m*g*h
Factors:
1. Mass
2. Height
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
DEF. Potential energy per
kilogram
* mass-independent

8. Work would be
required to move a
positive test charge
towards the sphere.
The greater the test
charge, the greater the repulsive force.
More work will be required.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
USE Expresses the effect of an electric
field of source in terms of the
location within the electric field
* purely location-dependent
Φ =

9.  In moving the charge from point A to
point B, work will have to be done on the
charge by an external force.
 Work done on the charge changes its PE
to a higher value.
 Work results to a change in PE
 A change in PE results to a difference
in electric potential between points A
and B

10. ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (ΔV)
 The difference in electric potential (V) between
the final and initial location when work is done
upon a charge to change its PE
 Metric Units
 Volt
 Joule / Coulomb
 If the electric potential difference between two
locations is 3 volts, then one coulomb of charge
will gain 3 joules of potential energy when
moved between those two locations.