This document summarizes a study on the effect of surface hardening technique and case depth on the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behavior of alloy steels. Vacuum carburized AISI 8620 and 9310 steels exhibited the longest RCF lives, over 2 orders of magnitude longer than induction hardened AISI 4140. Higher surface hardness and hardness deeper in the material correlated with longer RCF life. Vacuum carburizing produced greater depth of high hardness (>56 HRC) than other techniques, resulting in smaller plastic deformation zones and longer RCF life. Elasto-plastic modeling predicted stress distributions that matched experimental metallographic observations of plastic deformation zones.
This presentation gives a brief introduction to chemical heat treatment of steels and surface hardening techniques
Keywords: Carburising, Nitriding, Carbonitriding, Flame hardening, Laser hardening, Induction hardening
Basic metallurgy for welding & fabricaton professionalsPuneet Sharma
Eurotech Organizing 2 days "Metallurgy" Course is very beneficial for Welding and Fabrication professionals as it would results in increasing your efficiency. The course objectives are: metals and their properties, to check material test certificate, heat treatment process, Destructive testing, Stainless steel and types, and many more.
It will definitely increase your learning and your work efficiency and boost your career in welding
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require further information Metallurgy" Course
Best Regards,
Puneet Sharma
Email: (aws.cwi.training@gmail.com)
Mobile no. 08196980555
This presentation gives a brief introduction to chemical heat treatment of steels and surface hardening techniques
Keywords: Carburising, Nitriding, Carbonitriding, Flame hardening, Laser hardening, Induction hardening
Basic metallurgy for welding & fabricaton professionalsPuneet Sharma
Eurotech Organizing 2 days "Metallurgy" Course is very beneficial for Welding and Fabrication professionals as it would results in increasing your efficiency. The course objectives are: metals and their properties, to check material test certificate, heat treatment process, Destructive testing, Stainless steel and types, and many more.
It will definitely increase your learning and your work efficiency and boost your career in welding
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require further information Metallurgy" Course
Best Regards,
Puneet Sharma
Email: (aws.cwi.training@gmail.com)
Mobile no. 08196980555
Presentation on Carburizing (Heat Treatment Process).
Presented To,
Engr. Ubaid-ur-Rehman Ghouri, Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, UET Lahore (RCET Campus).
Presented By,
Muhammad Zeeshan
Zahid Mehmood
Ali Iqbal
Muhammad Waqas
Heat treatment 2 by
P.SENTHAMARAI KANNAN,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ,
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
KAMARAJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
VIRUDHUNAGAR, TAMILNADU.
INDIA.
This Presentation covers the basic concepts of Hot cracks and cold cracks in welding. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
Carburzing and Different Types of CarburzingMelwin Dmello
This Presentation covers the Basic concepts of Carburzing and Different Types of Carburzing in a easy version. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
Presentation on Carburizing (Heat Treatment Process).
Presented To,
Engr. Ubaid-ur-Rehman Ghouri, Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, UET Lahore (RCET Campus).
Presented By,
Muhammad Zeeshan
Zahid Mehmood
Ali Iqbal
Muhammad Waqas
Heat treatment 2 by
P.SENTHAMARAI KANNAN,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ,
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
KAMARAJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
VIRUDHUNAGAR, TAMILNADU.
INDIA.
This Presentation covers the basic concepts of Hot cracks and cold cracks in welding. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
Carburzing and Different Types of CarburzingMelwin Dmello
This Presentation covers the Basic concepts of Carburzing and Different Types of Carburzing in a easy version. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
SURFACE LAYER ALTERATIONS IN AISI 4140 STEEL FROM TURN-ASSISTED DEEP COLD ROL...IAEME Publication
Mechanical surface enhancement (MSE) techniques have been used to modify the surface reliability properties
of many materials by generating ultrafine or even nanometer-sized grains in the surface and subsurface region. These fine
grained materials created by mechanical surface enhancement techniques usually have higher hardness and frequently exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. Turn-assisted deep cold rolling (TADCR) process is used to improve the surface integrity of AISI 4140 steel which is commonly used in automobile industry.
Induction hardening is a process of hardening which is used to harden the particular or part to be required to be hardened. In this they used the faraday lows of induction.
various types of steel basically low carbon steels and alloy steels and how the alloying elements alter the various properties of steels , a detailed study & analysis
Ahmed ibrahim razooqi...corrosion conduct of austenitic stainless steel 316 l...ahmed Ibrahim
Corrosion conduct of Austenitic stainless steel 316L subjected
to surface treatment.
Abstract. The influence of low temperature liquid nitriding as a surface heat treatment analogy
with laser peening treatment at the various of throbs on pitting corrosion of the “AISI 316L
Austenitic stainless steel” is investigated in this paper. According to typical ASTM (G71-31) a
number of corrosion examination samples are equipped with the measurements of (15 * 15 * 3)
mm which distributed into the many groups. Three sets were exposed to liquid nit riding
process at temperatures of (500, 400, 300) Co for one hour. The specimens (without coating)
were exposed to a number of the throbs (1,2,3) by laser peening. Microstructure varia tions,
compression residual stress, hardness, were inspected in this work. The corrosion and its
variables (potential cell, current density) were also evaluated using the potential stat
examination and applying the Tafel method using saltwater solution (3.5% NaCl). Tafle
equation was used to compute the corrosion degree. The results revealed that the liquid
nitriding participated to raise the corrosion rate at (500) Co, compared to the original metal
because of chromium nitride and also leaser peening participated to the increase in the
corrosion rate due to plastic deformation which led to the heterogeneity in the microstructure
but liquid nitriding at temperature (400) oC gave the best result where it was closer to the parent
metal’s, also laser peening at one throb showed the lower corrosion rate.
Torsional Fatigue Performance of Induction Hardened 1045 and 10V45 SteelsFluxtrol Inc.
Microalloying of medium carbon bar steels is a common
practice for a number of traditional components; however, use
of vanadium microalloyed steels is expanding into
applications beyond their original designed use as controlled
cooled forged and hot rolled products and into heat treated
components. As a result, there is uncertainty regarding the
influence of vanadium on the properties of heat treated
components, specifically the effect of rapid heat treating such
as induction hardening. In the current study, the torsional
fatigue behavior of hot rolled and scan induction hardened
1045 and 10V45 bars are examined and evaluated at effective
case depths of 25, 32, and 44% of the radius. Torsional fatigue
tests were conducted at a stress ratio of 0.1 and shear stress
amplitudes of 550, 600, and 650 MPa. Cycles to failure are
compared to an empirical model, which accounts for case
depth as well as carbon content.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatmentijceronline
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
Tampere Wear Center concentrates on both scientific and practical aspects of wear and tribology.
Strengthens research in the field of wear and tribology of materials
Special expertise areas heavy abrasion, impact wear, fretting and tribology of machine elements, such as gears, bearings, brakes, seals, and frictional joints
SCR and TTR modeling using shell and beam elements to deal with local interests, such as touch-down compression or buckling. Two examples are presented. The FEA tool employed is ABAQUS. Videos can only be seen when downloaded.
Comparative Analysis of Coated and Non Coated HSS Tool with Zinc, Nickel, and...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Machining is the heart of any manufacturing
process so coating material have been used in the coating of
tool steels. The tool used is high speed steel and are coated
with Zinc, Nickel and Chromium separately. The various
reasons to coat cutting tools are to increase tool life and
improve the surface quality of the product, and to increase
the production rate. The advantage of Zi, Ni, Cr coating
include high hardness, good ductility, excellent lubricity,
high chemical stability and tough resistance to wear,
corrosion and temperature. In this paper, the principle,
advantage and limitation of various Zn, Ni, Cr coating
processes are summarized. This paper involves of machining
hardened steel using Zi, Ni, Cr, coated HSS cutting tool is
studied. This paper discussed about the wear and also
hardness factor after coating compared with conventional
cutting tool(high speed steel).
Effect of Tool Rotation Speed on the Hardness of Welded Joints of Aluminium A...ijsrd.com
Aluminum alloys are used in engineering design for their light weight, high strength-to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and relatively low cost. Aluminum is available in various compositions, including “pure†metal, alloys for casting, and alloys for the manufacture of wrought products wrought Alloys. Most aluminum alloys used for wrought products contain Less than 7 percent of alloying elements. By the regulation of the amount and type of elements added, the properties of the aluminum can be enhanced and its working characteristics improved. In this welding process we have study that two pieces of aluminum alloy (6063) were welded with the help of friction stir welding process and here in this welding process we have found that the microstructure of weld zone was characterized by dynamic recrastallization producing fine grain structure. The vickers hardness testing results obtained for welded specimens and we have observed that the hardness is increases and decreases on different parameters like tool rotation speed. But we have obtained that as the tool rotating speed is increases the hardness will aslo increases. Finally we obtained the max. hardness(Hv-40) on max. Tool rotation speed of (rpm-1800).
Experimental Investigation of the Residual Stress and calculate Average Fatig...IJMER
Shot peening procedures developed over the ago in substantial improvements of fatigue properties and Fatigue life. The use of shot peening on aluminium 7075-T6 plates to improve fatigue properties and improve resistance to stress on the corrosion cracking with help of glass beads and various peening methods. When these components subsequently are loaded in tension or bending to a
stress level in the range below the required for yield, the actual tensile stress at the surface is lower than
that calculated on the basis of load and cross sectional area. Fatigue are major problem which normally
start at or near the surface stressed in tension, thus processes that produce residual surface compressive
stresses in components usually enhance the resistance to fatigue. The impact of glass shots which create
resistance after the shot penning process carried out and also control the effects of failure on aluminium
alloys
Established a relationship between weld splice length and diameter of the rei...NUR
Reinforcement strength, ductility and bendability properties are important components in the design of reinforced concrete members, as the strength of any member comes mainly from reinforcement. Strain compatibility and plastic behaviours’ are mainly depending on reinforcement ductility. In construction practice, often welding of the bars is required. Welding of reinforcement is an instant solution in many cases, whereas welding is not a routine connection process. Welding will cause deficiencies in reinforcement bars, metallurgical changes and recrystallization of the microstructure of particles. Weld metal toughness is extremely sensitive to the welding heat input that decreases both its strength and ductility.
Similar to Effect of Surface Hardening Technique and Case Depth on Rolling Contact Fatigue Behavior of Alloy Steels (20)
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Effect of Surface Hardening Technique and Case Depth on Rolling Contact Fatigue Behavior of Alloy Steels
1. Effect of Surface Hardening
Technique and Case Depth on
Rolling Contact Fatigue
Behavior of Alloy Steels
1 BRP US, Inc. – Marine Propulsion Systems Division, Sturtevant, Wisconsin, USA
2 Center for Surface Engineering and Tribology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
3 State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
4 Midwest Thermal-Vac, Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
5 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
David Palmer1, Lechun Xie 2,3, Frederick Otto4, Zhanjiang Wang5,
Q. Jane Wang2
2. Introduction
Two-stroke outboard engine components
used in rolling contact fatigue (RCF)
2
Crankshafts
Connecting rods
Driveshafts
Propeller shafts
Gears
Bearings
etc.
5. 5
Introduction
Carburizing vs. induction hardening
Jones et al (2010):
Spiral bevel gears
Induction hardened AISI 4340 had lower distortion
Atmosphere carburized AISI 9310 had higher strength
Townshend et al (1995):
Straight spur gears
Induction hardened AISI 1552 had longer RCF life than
atmosphere carburized AISI 9310
Carburized gears were ground after heat treatment; induction
hardened gears were not
6. 6
Introduction
Atmosphere vs. vacuum carburizing
Lindell et al (2002):
Helical spur gears
Atmosphere carburizing (with oil quench) vs. vacuum
carburizing (with gas quench) for AISI 8620
Vacuum carburized AISI 8620 had:
Higher surface hardness
Higher surface compressive residual stress
Greater depth of high hardness (>58 HRC) at same case
depth
7. 7
Introduction
Case depth
Traditionally measured as depth to 50 HRC (513 HV)
May vary due to non-uniform heating, non-uniform carbon
pickup, and/or non-uniform stock removal during grinding
8. Introduction
Problems
How do different surface hardening methods affect RCF life?
Atmosphere carburizing with oil quenching
Vacuum carburizing with oil quenching
Vacuum carburizing with gas quenching
Induction hardening
What is the effect of case depth on RCF life?
Can elasto-plastic modeling shed light on this problem?
8
21. 21
Elasto-plastic modelling
Elasto-plastic modelling for plastically-graded materials (Wang
et al, 2013)
Assumptions:
• Yield strength gradient based on experimentally-determined
hardness gradient
• Tabor approximation: H = 3σY0
• Isotropic strain hardening: σY = σY0(1+εp)n
• Strain hardening exponent:
n = 0.140 for AISI 8620
n = 0.035 for AISI 4140
n = 0.113 for AISI 9310
Values from AISI Bar
Steel Fatigue database
40. Conclusions
(1.) Longest RCF lives: vacuum carburized 8620 and
9310
Shortest RCF lives: induction hardened 4140
More than 2 orders of magnitude!
(2.) Higher surface hardness → longer RCF life
(except for atmosphere carburized 8620)
(3.) More important than surface hardness:
hardness at depth of maximum von Mises stress
(in this case, approximately 0.13 mm)
40
41. 41
Conclusions
(4.) RCF life correlates more closely with depth of
high hardness (>56 HRC) than with case depth
as traditionally defined (>50 HRC)
(5.) Vacuum carburizing → greater depth of high
hardness → smaller plastic deformation zone →
longer RCF life
(6.) Metallographically light- and dark-etching areas
correspond with plastic deformation zones as
predicted by elasto-plastic simulation
42. 42
Dissemination activities
STLE Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
May 22, 2014
Design News
“Understanding Case Hardening of Steel”
September 4, 2014
Tribology Transactions
Volume 58, Issue 1
2015 (forthcoming)
43. Acknowledgements
• BRP US, Inc. – Marine Propulsion Systems Division, Sturtevant,
Wisconsin, USA
• Center for Surface Engineering and Tribology, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
• Midwest Thermal Vac., Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
• China Scholarship Council (No. 2011623074), Beijing, China
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
• Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
43
44. References
Jones, K.T., et al. (2010), "Gas Carburizing vs. Contour
Induction Hardening in Bevel Gears," Gear Solutions 8 (82),
pp. 38-44, 51, 54.
Lindell, G.D, et al. (2002), "Selecting the Best Carburizing
Method for the Heat Treatment of Gears (AGMA Technical
Paper 02FTM7)," American Gear Manufacturers
Association, Alexandria, VA, ISBN 1 55589 807 6.
Townsend, D.P., et al. (1995), "The Surface Fatigue Life of
Induction Hardened AISI 1552 Gears (AGMA Technical Paper
95FTM5)," American Gear Manufacturers Association,
Arlington, VA, ISBN 1 55589 654 5.
44
45. 45
References
Wang, Z.J., et al. (2013), “An Efficient Numerical Method
With a Parallel Computation Strategy for Solving Arbitrarily
Shaped Inclusions in Elasto-Plastic Contact Problems,"
ASME Journal of Tribology 135 (3), pp. 031401.