Educational planning
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
Educational planning
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIONFidy Zegge
Distinguish the terms Administration and Management
In a school system who do you consider a part of management: A) Parents B) School Board, C) Headmaster D) Teachers E) Non-Teaching Staff?
Explain two main differences between educational administration and education management.
Meaning of Educational Management
Management is the process of planning, organising, directing, controlling and evaluating to accompish predetermined objectives of an institution through coordinated use of human and material resources.
Management is the Art/Science of:-
Getting work done.
With the help of other people
Within the given budget
Within the given deadlines
Typically, curriculum documents focus on specific subject matter content. However, if we are to take seriously broader notions of curriculum, then we must contend with multiple contexts that affect curriculum, students, and teachers. The following diagram provides and overview of some of these context
Project method is one of the modern method of teaching in which, the students point of view is given importance in designing the curricula and content of studies. This method is based on the philosophy of Pragmatism and the principle of ‘Learning by doing’. In this strategy pupils perform constructive activities in natural condition. A project is a list of real life that has been imparted into the school. It demands work from the pupils.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIONFidy Zegge
Distinguish the terms Administration and Management
In a school system who do you consider a part of management: A) Parents B) School Board, C) Headmaster D) Teachers E) Non-Teaching Staff?
Explain two main differences between educational administration and education management.
Meaning of Educational Management
Management is the process of planning, organising, directing, controlling and evaluating to accompish predetermined objectives of an institution through coordinated use of human and material resources.
Management is the Art/Science of:-
Getting work done.
With the help of other people
Within the given budget
Within the given deadlines
Typically, curriculum documents focus on specific subject matter content. However, if we are to take seriously broader notions of curriculum, then we must contend with multiple contexts that affect curriculum, students, and teachers. The following diagram provides and overview of some of these context
Project method is one of the modern method of teaching in which, the students point of view is given importance in designing the curricula and content of studies. This method is based on the philosophy of Pragmatism and the principle of ‘Learning by doing’. In this strategy pupils perform constructive activities in natural condition. A project is a list of real life that has been imparted into the school. It demands work from the pupils.
Lesson planning is a significant element of teaching-learning system. A lesson plan is a step-by-step guide that provides a structure for an essential learning. Before planning a lesson, it is essential to classify the learning outcomes for the class. It is important because it helps the teacher in maintaining a standard teaching pattern and does not let the class deviate from the topic. Pre-planning helps the teacher to be better equipped in answering questions asked by the students during the lecture.
Introduction
Objectives
Need of Lesson Planning
Approaches to Lesson Planning
Course and Unit Planning
Daily and Weekly Planning
Steps in Lesson Planning
The Lesson Plan Format
Self-Assessment Questions
References
Lesson Plan
Basics and Principles
Lesson Planning is a large part of being organized and a key feature of a competent
teacher. It is a special skill that is learnt in much the same way as other skills. Careful
lesson planning can help to ensure the successful running of courses. Incorporating best
practices in teaching and learning into the design process will help students to meet their
learning objectives.
National Education Policy 2009
Introduction
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2009 is the latest in a series of education policies dating back to the very inception of the country in 1947. The review process for the National Education Policy 1998-2010 was initiated in 2005 and the first public document, the White Paper, was finalized in March 2007. The White Paper, as designed, became the basis for development of the Policy document. Though four years have elapsed between beginning and finalization of the exercise, the lag is due to a number of factors including the process of consultations adopted and significant political changes that took place in the country.
Two main reasons prompted the Ministry of Education (MOE) to launch the review in 2005 well before the time horizon of the existing Policy (1998 - 2010)1 : firstly, the Policy did not produce the desired educational results and performance remained deficient in several key aspects including access, quality and equity of educational opportunities and, secondly, Pakistan’s new international commitments to Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Dakar Framework of Action for Also the challenges triggered by globalization and nation’s quest for becoming a knowledge society in the wake of compelling domestic pressures like devolution and demographic transformations have necessitated a renewed commitment to proliferate quality education for all.
Specific Objectives of the Policy
The policy stated a clear vision as:
“Our education system must provide quality education to our children and youth to enable them to realize their individual potential and contribute to development of society and nation, creating a sense of Pakistani nationhood, the concepts of tolerance, social justice, democracy, their regional and local culture and history based on the basic ideology enunciated in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.”
The major objectives of the policy arc as under:
• To revitalize the existing education system with a view to cater to social, political and spiritual needs of individuals and society.
• To play a fundamental role in the preservation of the ideals, which led to the creation of Pakistan and strengthen the concept of the basic ideology within the Islamic ethos enshrined in the 1973 Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• To create a sense of unity and nationhood and promote the desire to create a welfare State for the people of Pakistan
• To promote national cohesion by respecting all faiths and religions and recognize cultural and ethnic diversity.
• To promote social and cultural harmony through the conscious use of the educational process.
• To provide and ensure equal educational opportunities to all citizens of Pakistan and to provide minorities with adequate facilities for their cultural and religious development, enabling them to participate effectively in the overall national effort.
• To develop a self
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3. Educational planning
Educational planning, in its broadest generic
sense, is the application of rational, systematic
analysis to the process
of educational development with the aim of
making education more effective and efficient in
responding to the needs and goals of its students
and society.
The process of setting out in advance, strategies,
polices, procedures, programs and standards
through which an educational objectives (or set of
objectives) can be achieved.
5. Importance of planning
In education, a well-worked out
course/lesson plan will act as a core
of teaching-learning process.
Planning is a roadmap to the
instructor’s success.
Your goals, which has been decided
by planning, makes your decision
making more efficient and more ‘to
the point’
6. Programs in educational learning
Planning learning
Sections of planning learning
Developing a scheme of work
The scheme of work organizes course
content and describes how it will be
delivered
Developing a session plan
In some curriculum areas a ‘session’ can
be easily defined as an event that happens
at a particular time on a particular day,
with a clear start and end time.
7. Teachers planning
Teachers planning brings to mind
thoughts and images-of outlines,
plan books, objectives,
textbooks, syllabi, and a variety
of related products and activities.
8. How plan for class room?
The 3 Stages of lesson planning
Outlining stage
Decision stage
Mapping stage
9. Effective planning
A few steps to walk you through the process
Step 1.
Create an outline of the curriculum you
want to cover
Step 2.
Create a list of desired outcomes
Step 3.
Make another outline of the time —
year/semester
10. Step 4.
Break curriculum down into
small manageable pieces
Step 5.
Take time to decide which takes
what time
Step 6.
Spread them across the timeline
11. Step 7.
Gather teaching materials and
supporting data
Step 8.
Decide on how you are going to
share course materials with students
Step 9.
Decide how you are going to assess
students, exams, assignments,
projects, tasks etc.
12. How to asses your plan?
Student results
See whether if it provides any
insights
Contributions into the teaching
learning process
Check for productivity
15. It is defined as
Visualizing: the ability to visualize the future
classroom events.
Guidance: provides the guide that assists in
creating o flow of events that has a starting and
ending point.
Managing: a way of managing time and event.
Decision making: Allows one to make decisions
about the hows and whats of teaching based on
three primary considerations.
1. the students prior learning experiences
2. The content derived from curriculum guides,
textbooks, teacher-developed material.
16. Functions of instructional
planning
To give an overview of instructions
To facilitate good management of
instruction
To make learning purposeful
To economize time
To provide a variety of instructional
activities
17. Principles of instructional
planning
Understand the rational of the course in the
context of the goals of the school or district
Determine what context should be adapted in view
of the objectives
Classify the focus of the course
Decide how much time to spend on each topic
Determine if there is the special need for the
course- special learners, instructional program
Identify the important components: content,
concepts, skills and values
18. Objectives of instructional
planning
To achieve
Aims :it is the most general
objective of the instructional
planning.
Goals: it is the description of
general objective of school
curricula.
19. Importance of instructional
planning
Allow young adolescents to gain knowledge, learn
skills which can be applied outside the classroom.
Help the educators keep in mind the needs of their
students
Provides continuity of instruction and efficient use
of time in class room
Able to identify and schedule resources
Helps to adhere to the local, state and national
guidelines
20. Time Framing
Working as a teacher requires
excellent time management skills.
Teachers need to balance the long-
term goals of the classroom, the
immediate educational needs of the
students and the large volume of
paperwork that comes with every
assignment.
21. Lesson of Framing
what students will be doing/learning in class
today,
AND
What students will be able to do with that
knowledge.
This strategy is called “framing” the lesson
because it includes both parts at the beginning
and the end To frame the lesson, the teacher
gives the students a clear picture of the lesson.
22. Five Effective Time Framing
Tips
Organize the day by priorities
Teacher time management must start with
setting priorities and organizing the day
around the most important tasks. Setting
priorities can help keep teachers on track
throughout the day.
Strategically plan homework assignments
Both teachers and students may find that
assignments that require repetitive practice is
better suited for the home environment
23. Avoid “loaded” procrastination
Teachers find it more efficient to break up
grading materials into small groups that are
graded each day than to work on grading
the work of the entire class on the same
day.
Plan for potential crises
It is better to plan ahead for potential
problems before facing them in the
classroom, as urgent crises can distract
teachers from their goals within the
classroom.
24. Set aside personal time
A teacher has many tasks
that require attention and
often focuses on the needs of
students and their parents it is
also important to set aside
personal time to keep the
priorities in proper
perspective.
25. Daily Learning Objective(s)
Some tips for the daily learning
objective:
Use “student friendly” language to write
the objective.
Post the objective in the classroom
where students can see.
Discuss the objective at the beginning of
the lesson.
Make sure the objective is reasonable to
complete in one lesson or class
26. Power zone
Working in the “power zone” means
teaching or monitoring in close
proximity to students.
When a teacher engages in this practice,
every other instructional practice is
enhanced and made more powerful and
no time is wasted.
On-task behaviors increase
Discipline issues decrease
Student retention of content improves
27. The “power zone” does
typically NOT include…
The teacher work area (behind
the desk, or at the computer).
The lecture position (at the
front center of the room).
28. Benefits of teaching in the
“power zone”
Classroom Management
Address unwanted behaviors
immediately.
Manage transitions.
29. Tips to Recognize & Reinforce Positive
Behaviors:
Create a list of the specific student behaviors or
accomplishments you want to encourage.
When students use these desired behaviors, praise them
sincerely and credibly.
Specify the praiseworthy aspects of the student’s
accomplishments.
Help students appreciate their own thinking and
problem-solving.
Attribute student success to effort and ability,
implying that similar successes can be expected in the
future through a similar work ethic.
30. “Standards do not ensure student
achievement, teachers with strong
knowledge and skill about how to
help students reach the standards
will impact achievement”.
- Mike Schomker Focus, 2011
