The document outlines the concepts, theories, and functions of educational management and administration, aiming to introduce student teachers to these principles within the Tanzanian education context. It differentiates between management and administration, detailing their roles, responsibilities, and how they influence the operation of educational institutions. Additionally, it discusses the significance of both educational management and administration in achieving organizational goals and supports the effective utilization of resources.

1. EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND ADMINISTRATION

2. Teaching and Learning Strategies
• Lecture (Pure and Interactive)
• Discussions (Classroom and Groups)
• Interactive Techniques (Q/As & Pair/Share)
• RBL (library & Internet)

3. GOALS
• Introducing student teachers to the concepts,
theories, and functions of Educational
Management and Administration.
• To enable student to reflect on how
Management and Administration theories are
applicable to Tanzania Education Context.

4. COURSE OBJECTIVES
• Explain the meaning and functions of
educational management and administration.
• Describe and analyse the strengths and
weaknesses of the main theories and models
of educational management in Tanzanian
education system.

5. Lesson Outline
Concepts of Educational Management and
Administration (M&A):
• Definitions of M&A
• Differences and Similarities between M&A
• Assessment

6. INTRODUCTION
• Successful operation of a school depends
entirely on its management and
administration system.
• Educational managers and administrators
provide instructional leadership and manage
the activities and resources in schools,
colleges and universities.

7. INTRODUCTION…
• Set educational standards and goals
• Establish the policies and procedures required
to achieve them
• Support teaching and non-teaching staff
(teachers, librarians, laboratory technicians,
matrons, store keepers, secretaries, drivers,
etc)
School Managers and Administrators:

8. School Administrators and Managers…
• Monitor students educational progress,
motivate teachers and other staff.
• Handle relations with parents, students, and
the community.
• They develop annual school calendar.
• They handle Resources and supervise Projects.

9. What is Administration?
• Administration means overall determination
of policies, setting of major objectives, the
identification of general purposes and laying
down of programmes and projects (Haimann)
• Administration means guidance, leadership &
control of the efforts of the groups towards
some common goals (Newman)
• It refers to the activities of higher level. It lays
down basic principles of the enterprise

10. What is Management?
• According to Henri Fayor, “to manage is to
forecast and plan, to coordinate, and control”
• Van Fleet and Peterson define Management is
“a set of activities directed at the efficient
utilization of resources in pursuit of one or
more goal”
• it is an art of getting things done through &
with the people in formally organized groups.

11. Differences Between Management
and Administration
• Management works with and through people
to accomplish organizational goals,
administration is [more] concerned with
directing and controlling.
• Administration establishes policies that guide
decision making, laws and regulations.
Management implements the of Laws and
Regulations.

12. On the basis of Function
Basis Management Administration
Meaning Management is an art of
getting things done through
others by directing their
efforts towards achievement
of pre-determined goals.
It is concerned with
formulation of
broad objectives,
plans & policies.
Nature Management is an
executing function.
Managers get things done
under supervision.
Administration is a
decision-making
function. Plans and
policies are
determined under it

13. On the basis of function…
Process Management decides
who should what &
how should he should
do it.
Administration
decides what is to
be done & when it
is to be done.
Skills Technical and Human
skills
Conceptual and
Human skills
Level Middle & lower level
function
Top level function

14. On the Basis of Usage
Basis Management Administration
Applicability It is applicable to
business firms
It is applicable to non-
business firms
Influence The decisions are
influenced by the
values, beliefs &
decisions of the
managers.
It is influenced by
public opinion, govt.
policies, customs etc.
Status Constitutes the
employees of the
organization who are
paid
Represents owners of
the enterprise who earn
profits in the form of
dividend.

15. Similarities Between Management
and Administration
• Practically, functions of managers and
administrators overlap.
Administrators not only set goals, standards
and rules, but direct and control functions of
the organization.
Every manager is concerned with both
administrative management function and
operative management function.

17. Similarities…
• Management is a subset of administration.
They are not separate. Both are concerned
with achievement of organizational goals.
• Both Managers and Administrators perform at
different levels all management functions
(Planning, organizing, directing, controlling,
and staffing)

18. Educational Management and
Administration
• Educational Management and Educational
Administration are applied fields. They both
originate from theories of Organizational and
Business Management and Administration
• Therefore we can define educational
management and administration based on
definitions used in business management and
administration.

19. Educational Administration
• Educational Administration refers to guidance,
leadership and control of the efforts of
education institutions or programs towards
achievement of educational goals.
• It is higher level authority that determines
policies, identifies goals and lays down
principles of running an educational
institution or project.

20. Educational Management
• Educational Management is executive authority
of an educational organization that deals with
planning, staffing, organizing, directing, and
controlling of activities and resources.
• It is an art of working with people and through
people in the efforts of achieving predetermined
educational goals through efficient utilization of
available resources of a school, college, or
university.

21. Assessment
• Distinguish the terms Administration and
Management
• In a school system who do you consider a part
of management: A) Parents B) School Board,
C) Headmaster D) Teachers E) Non-Teaching
Staff?
• Explain two main differences between
educational administration and education
management.