This document discusses the importance of planning in education at different levels. It explains that planning occurs at the year plan, unit plan, and lesson plan levels. A year plan is created at the beginning of the academic year and helps allocate time for topics and assessments. A unit plan breaks a topic into subtopics and sets learning goals and objectives. A lesson plan follows steps like preparation, presentation, comparison and application to teach a topic in a single class period. Planning helps make the teaching and learning process more systematic, organized and effective.

1. Submitted By : Sreelekshmi V
First Semester Mathematics (Optional)
PLANNING FOR
INSTRUCTION

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Importance of Planning
 Need for Planning
 Instructional Planning
 Levels of Planning
 Year Plan (Preparation, Advantages)
 Unit Plan (Steps in unit planning, advantages)
 Lesson Plan (steps, functions, features)

4. INTRODUCTION
 Planning in the context of education entails the process of
setting objectives and determining the means to achieving the
objectives. It entails deciding in advance what to be taught, how
to teach, when to teach, who is be taught, and the evaluation of
recipient.
 Planning is the key to success in any activity, success of teaching
learning process also depends upon proper and meticulous
planning. Planning occurs at 3 levels. Year plan, unit plan, lesson
plan.
 Planning makes the teaching-learning encounter valuable and
productive impact.
 Planning makes the teaching learning process an effective one.

5. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 Planning helps a teacher to teach the lessons in a systematic
manner.
 Students can easily understand the concept if they are taught in a
structured order.
 Helps to completes the topic very easily.
 Increases the confidence level of teachers.
 The teacher will not waste class time flipping through the
textbook, thinking of what to do next, or running to make
photocopies.
 Planning helps the teachers to prepare pivotal questions and
illustrations.

6. NEED FOR PLANNING
 To make the teaching learning process an interactive one.
 To make a structured and well organized systems in education to
make it as an effective one.
 To make students understand about the concepts dealed by the
teacher in an efficient way.

8. LEVELS OF PLANNING
 Year Plan
 Unit Plan
 Lesson Plan

9. YEAR PLAN
 Year planning is done by the teacher at the beginning of the year
for the entire course.
 Year Planning forces the teacher to consider the time available
and make the optimum use of it, by planning per week, per
month and per term before the commencement of academic
session.
 Year planning helps the teacher to taking decisions regarding
when to teach what, how much time can be assigned for each
unit/ topic, how much time allotted for tests, exams etc.
 It helps the smooth instruction through out the year.
 It helps the teacher to carry out all the curricular and co-
curricular activities in time without haste and anxiety.

10. PREPARARING AN YEAR PLAN
 The number of units to be covered as per syllabus during the
academic year.
 The number of periods needed to cover each unit
 The number of working days per term and for the year.
 The number of days allotted for project work, revision tests and
examinations.
 The number of holidays during the academic year.

11. ADVANTAGES OF YEAR PLAN
 Year planning helps the teacher in planning for the entire course
for the whole of the academic year.
 It keeps the teacher on the right track.
 It helps the teacher to cover the syllabus within the allotted time ,
as planning saves waste of time and energy.
 It helps the teacher in orderly and systematic teaching.
 It gives a lot of self confidence to the teacher as she is sure of
what is expected of her during each period/week/month/term etc.

12. UNIT PLAN
 A unit consists of a meaningful series of related activities to
achieve the purpose, educational objectives by providing
significant educational experience that would result in
appropriate behavioural changes in the learners.
 Unit plan consist of concepts and learning goals that are taught
over a period of time and are woven together, often across
subject areas. A unit plan lasts two or three weeks (or longer)
and includes several standards, skills, and desired outcomes for
interconnected learning.

13. STEPS IN UNIT PLANNING
 CONTENT ANALYSIS ( A detailed analysis of the contents of the
unit to get an in depth knowledge of the terms, concepts, principles,
generalizations constituting the unit.)
 STATING THE GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTVES (The
teacher should identify the general objectives and state the specific
objectives or learning outcomes to be achieved as a result of the
learning of the unit)
 PLANNING THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES ( Select suitable
learning experiences that may lead to the realization of the stated
objectives keeping in mind of the individual differences, the
psychology of learning , the content and objectives)
 EVALUATION PROCEDURE (Select appropriate evaluation tools
and techniques to asses the content coverage, the realization of the
stated objectives and effectiveness of the teaching strategies.)

14. ADVANTAGES OF UNIT PLAN
 Unit plan breaks up a lengthy unit into smaller subunits / topics
so that pupils can easily grasp the scope of these during a brief
overview.
 It helps the teacher to present the various principles and concepts
constituting the units in an orderly and systematic manner,
without losing their continuity.
 It enables the pupils to appreciate the unifying principles linking
all the information together in the unit. This guides the pupils to
view the sub units as a part of a whole and not independent
segments of the information.
 It enables the pupils to see clearly the relationship between
various facts, processes and principles that make up the unit.

15. LESSON PLAN
 “Lesson plan is an outline of the important points of a lesson
arranged in the order in which they are to be presented to the
students by the teacher “ :- Good
 “It is an arrangement of learning ,planning, organizing, and
controlling by a teacher”:-Davies

17. LESSON PLANNING STEPS
HERBATION STEPS
 PREPARATION OR INTRODUCTION
 PRESENTATION
 COMPARISON OR ASSOCIATION
 GENERALIZATION
 APPLICATION
 RECAPITULATION

18. PREPARATION
Teacher must prepare the pupil to receive the new knowledge .
Knowledge is to be linked with the previous knowledge of the
students. Preparation means the exploration of pupils
knowledge, which leads to the aim of the lesson. Teachers skill
lies in leading the pupils to see that their knowledge is
incomplete and that to conquer lies before them.

19. PRESENTATION
Before the presentation of the subject matter, the aim of the
lesson should be clearly stated. In the presentation step, pupil
must get some new ideas and pupil should be active participant
in the teaching learning process. The teacher should try to
introduce everything from the learner.

20. COMPARISON
In this step, the facts, incidents and comparative methods used
are correlated so that the subject or topic taught to the students is
absolutely clear to them.
Comparative study and correlation will increase the knowledge
of students.
The teacher should relate the subject to other subjects. Thisa
will help in increasing the knowledge and thinking power of
students.

21. GENERALIZATION
The students are given the oppurtunity to think so that the rules
and principles are build up.

22. APPLICATION
This stage checks whether the acquired knowledge is applicable
in a new situation or not.

23. RECAPITULATION
This is the last stage of the lesson planning process. Teacher
asks question related to the topic. Teacher can identifies that
whether the idea conveyed to the students properly or not.

25. FUNCTIONS OF A LESSON PLAN
 It makes the teacher work simpler, organized and systematic
 It prevents waste of time , as every step has been planned.
 It enhances the self confidence of the teacher.
 It provides the appropriate use of teaching aids at appropriate
places.
 It helps the teacher to visualize students difficulty and plan for
remedial programes.
 It keeps the teacher on the right track
 It provides opportunities for the manifestation of creative and
constructive urges.

26. FEATURES OF A LESSON PLAN
 All the objectives of the lesson , both general and specific,
should be stated clearly in the lesson plan.
 A good lesson plan should outline in detail the various steps that
the teacher proposes to take in the class.
 A good lesson plan should have its basis on the previous
knowledge and experience of the learner and the present
knowledge should be well integrated with the previous
knowledge.
 The lesson plan should reveal the development of the topic.
 Good lesson planning requires that lesson unit must be finished
in the time allocated
 A good lesson plan should provide the basis for further learning.

27. CONCLUSION
Planning is an indispensable factor in the teaching learning
process. Even though the planning is done by the teacher it is
useful for the students also. For teachers lesson plans are the
building blocks used to help organize thoughts and information.
The four phase lesson plan was devised to facilitate the planning
process. As you develop each phase of your lesson plan ,
remember to include the following components: direct student
focus, learning activity and reflection. If you are called upon to
instruct others your audience will benefit from this well
organized approach.