ECG analysis part (2) \ Mohammad Al-me`ani. , MSN, RN.
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This document provides information on various cardiac rhythms and heart blocks seen on electrocardiograms (ECGs). It describes ventricular rhythms like ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It also discusses atrial dysrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and multifocal atrial tachycardia. Junctional dysrhythmias like parasystolic junctional complexes and junctional rhythm are outlined. Various ventricular dysrhythmias including premature ventricular contractions, ventricular bigeminy/trigeminy, R-on-T phenomenon, ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, and ventricular fibrillation are defined. Finally, different types of heart blocks such as first degree, Mobitz
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This document provides an overview of ECG rhythm interpretation. It discusses normal sinus rhythm and various arrhythmias including bradycardias related to problems with the sinus node or heart blocks. Tachycardias covered include sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia. Premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation are also reviewed. For each rhythm abnormality, the document describes etiology, characteristics, signs/symptoms and treatment approaches.
ECG
This document provides information about cardiac cells, the cardiac conduction system, components of the ECG, ECG paper format, normal ECG intervals, dysrhythmias, and heart blocks. It describes the two main types of cardiac cells - myocardial and pacemaker cells. It explains the cardiac conduction system including the sinoatrial node. It outlines the key components of the ECG including the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave. It provides details on normal ECG intervals and how to analyze rhythms and determine heart rate. It discusses various dysrhythmias including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contractions, atrial flutter, atrial fib
arrhyhmias
The document discusses several types of arrhythmias and heart block conditions. It describes sinus tachycardia as a condition where the sinoatrial node discharges impulses faster than normal, over 100 beats per minute. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is described as a condition with an abnormal focus discharging regular impulses over 150 beats per minute. The third type discussed is atrial flutter, where there is an abnormal focus discharging rapid regular impulses between 250-350 beats per minute, with only some impulses conducted to the ventricles.
Cardiology Nursing - Copy.pptx
This document provides information on cardiology nursing. It begins with objectives to understand heart anatomy and physiology and describe various heart diseases. It then covers anatomy and blood flow through the heart. Several heart diseases are described in detail, including myocardial infarction (causes, signs, treatments), heart failure (causes, symptoms, management), and heart block (types, causes, management). Other topics include pericarditis, endocarditis, and cardiac dysrhythmias. For each condition, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, complications, and medical and nursing management are outlined.
ECG session 3 د مازن الشباني.pdf
Here are the responses:
A. The diagnosis is hypovolemic shock likely due to gastrointestinal bleeding given the sudden onset of symptoms.
B. The treatment of choice at current time is aggressive fluid resuscitation with crystalloids like normal saline to restore intravascular volume and blood pressure. Other supportive treatments like oxygen supplementation and cardiac monitoring should also be started. Blood samples should be sent for complete blood count and coagulation profile to check for anemia and bleeding diathesis which may require blood transfusion. Endoscopy may be needed later to identify the source of bleeding once the patient is stabilized hemodynamically. The primary goal currently is to resuscitate the patient from shock through fluid administration.
Dysrhythmias
The document discusses key concepts related to cardiac electrophysiology including:
1. The properties that allow the heart to contract automatically (automaticity), become excited (excitability), conduct electrical signals (conductivity), contract (contractility), and refractory periods.
2. Normal cardiac rhythms originating from the sinoatrial node and other pacemaker sites, along with their typical rates.
3. Key intervals of the ECG including the PR, QRS, and QT intervals as well as normal values.
4. Common arrhythmias including their typical ECG patterns, symptoms, causes, and potential treatments.
Approach to Bradycardia.pptx
This document discusses bradyarrhythmias, which are heart rhythms that are slower than normal. It defines key measurements in electrocardiograms including the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, and QT interval. Common types of bradyarrhythmias include sinus bradycardia, junctional rhythm, and atrioventricular blocks. Treatment depends on whether the patient is stable or unstable and may involve medications to increase heart rate like atropine or transcutaneous pacing. The document provides details on evaluating and treating different types of bradycardic rhythms and their underlying causes.
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Lec 9 narrow complex wide complex tachycardia for mohs
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Its all about ECG..from A to Z.its so easy to understand
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1. The ECG records the electrical activity of the heart through electrodes placed on the skin. A 12-lead ECG provides views from 12 reference points.
2. The ECG traces the heart's electrical impulses on graph paper. It displays depolarization and repolarization processes and is used to diagnose various cardiac conditions.
3. The heart's conductive system includes the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers which coordinate heart rhythm and contractions.
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Drug calculation\Mohammad Alme`ani
This document provides information on medical dosage calculations and unit conversions. It begins by explaining that many units are used in medicine for things like drug strengths, dosages, and electrolyte levels. The document then discusses the importance of understanding these units and how to convert between them. It provides the main weight, volume, and substance units used. Several examples are given of converting between grams, kilograms, milligrams, liters, and milliliters. The document concludes by demonstrating calculations for determining the number of tablets or capsules required based on the dosage prescribed and available dosage form.
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- 25. Ventricular Rhythms Parameter Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation Rate >100min None Rhythm Usually regular Irregular P wave Present ,with one QRS Present ,with one QRS PR interval 0.12-0.20 sec(constant) 0.12-0.20 sec(constant) QRS 0.06-0.10 sec 0.06-0.10 sec 25
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- 41. Atrial Dysrhythmias (cont.) Rhythm Etiology Manifestations Management Atrial fibrillation Usually underlying heart disease No definable P waves: fibrillatory waves Irregular: irregular pattern No PR interval Consider ventricular response, how long in rhythm, potential for thromboembolism Multifocal atrial tachycardia Severe pulmonary disease Rapid atrial tachycardia with 3 or more different-shaped P waves Treat underlying pulmonary disease and slow ventricular rate 41
- 42. Junctional Dysrhythmias Rhythm Etiology Manifestations Management PJC Stress, caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, or post-MI Early complex with inverted P wave before, buried within, or after QRS. QRS is usually normal. No treatment needed Junctional rhythm Ischemic damage to SA node, digitalis toxicity, secondary to cardiac meds, hypoxia, hypokalemia P wave may be inverted and before QRS with PR <0.12 sec, or after QRS, or buried in QRS. QRS is normal. Treat underlying cause. Improve cardiac output. Treat if symptomatic with atropine, pacing. 42
- 43. Ventricular Dysrhythmias Rhythm Etiology Manifestations Management PVC Stress, hypokalemia, irritation to heart, heart disease Premature beat No P wave Wide, bizarre QRS with T wave in opposite direction No treatment needed; monitor Ventricular bigeminy Same as for PVC Each sinus beat is followed by PVC Treat any underlying cause Ventricular trigeminy Same as for PVC Two sinus beats are followed by PVC Treat any underlying cause R-on-T phenomenon Cardiac meds, pacemaker firing too close to vulnerable period PVC too close to T wave: ventricular repolarization (vulnerable period) - could cause V-fib Treat underlying cause. Treat dysrhythmia. 43
- 44. Ventricular Dysrhythmias (cont.) Rhythm Etiology Manifestations Management Ventricular tachycardia MI, irritation to heart, hypokalemia No P wave (usually) Wide bizarre QRS Rate >100 ACLS guidelines Torsades de pointes (QRS polarity changes from positive to negative) Underlying heart disease with prolonged QT, hypothermia, cardiac meds No P wave Wide bizarre polymorphous QRS Rate >100 May change to VF or SR Magnesium sulfate IV, overdrive pacing Ventricular fibrillation (VF) - coarse or fine MI or other factor that damages the heart Irregular oscillations at baseline No P wave No recognizable QRS ACLS guidelines, emergent defibrillation 44
- 45. Heart Blocks Rhythm Etiology Manifestations Management First degree Drugs or cardiac disease that affects AV node PR >0.20 sec QRS normal No treatment; monitor Mobitz I Wenckebach Drugs or cardiac disease that affects AV node, inferior wall MI, myocarditis P waves present Pattern with PR interval progressively lengthens until a QRS is dropped Stop med, if cause; no treatment; monitor 45
- 46. Heart Blocks (cont.) Rhythm Etiology Manifestations Management Mobitz II Drugs or cardiac disease that affects AV node; acute anterior wall MI Fixed PR interval during AV conduction and nonconducted P wave when block present (2:1, 3:1,4:1) P-P regular May see bundle branch block If pt has symptoms: atropine, pacing If asymptomatic : monitor (could become third degree) Third degree (com- plete) Cardiac disease that affects AV node P waves present; P-P regular QRS present; R-R regular No relationship between P and QRS QRS narrow - junctional escape QRS wide - ventricular escape Pacing 46